Ukushintsha uwoyela ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo: imvamisa, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, inqubo yokusebenza

Ukushintsha uwoyela ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo kuhluke kakhulu kwinqubo efanayo, kodwa kwenziwa ku-gearbox manual: akunakwenzeka ukukhipha yonke ivolumu ye-lubricant. Okunye okuningi kungaphakathi kwe-donut, ingxenye encane ku-hydraulic plate nama-actuator.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo (hydraulic automatic transmissions) ziyehluka izici zabo, inqubo ukushintsha uwoyela ku-othomathikhi transmission iyafana kunoma yikuphi ukudluliswa kwalolu hlobo. Impela, kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiliphi inani lamagiya kanye ne-torque ephezulu, umgomo ojwayelekile wokusebenza nezinqubo ezenzeka ebhokisini ziyefana.

Injani i-automatic transmission

Le yunithi iqukethe lezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

• i-torque converter (i-GTE noma i-bagel);
• isethi yamagiya eplanethi (ifakwe elinye lamagiyabhokisi ohlobo lweplanethi);
• isikhethi;
• iyunithi yokulawula ngogesi (ECU);
• ama-hydraulic actuators (amasilinda namapiston);
• iphampu kawoyela nesihlungi;
• ama-clutch;
• ama-brake bands.

I-GTD

I-bagel yenza imisebenzi emibili ebalulekile ku-automatic transmission - njenge-clutch, inqamula kancane injini ku-gearbox shaft futhi ikhulise i-torque ngesikhathi sokuqala ngokunciphisa isivinini sokujikeleza.

I-torque converter automatic transmission

Iyazwela ekuhlanzekeni kukawoyela, kodwa ayithinti ukusebenza koketshezi lokugcoba.

izinto zeplanethi

Lona umshini oyinhloko wokudluliswa kwe-othomathikhi. Kuye ngokuvinjwa kwegiya elilodwa noma elinye, isilinganiso segiya siyashintsha. Izilinganiso zamagiya zikhethiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi injini isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Izwela kakhulu ekuhlanzekeni kwamafutha, futhi njengoba iguga, uthuli lwensimbi nama-chips kungena oketshezini oludluliselayo.

Lapho kuqina ukuhuzuka kwezingxenye zeyunithi yeplanethi, insimbi eyengeziwe ku-lubricant. Ngakho-ke, ngokugqoka okunzima, ukuguqulwa kwamafutha akusebenzi, ngoba ungqimba oluncane lwensimbi eqinile lubhujiswa ngokuphelele, futhi insimbi ethambile yangaphakathi iguga ngokushesha ngaphansi kwethonya lokungqubuzana.

Isikhethi

Le ngxenye itholakala endaweni yabagibeli futhi iyiswishi enezindawo eziningi lapho umshayeli ekhetha khona i-automatic transmission mode. Ixhunywe ku-ECU futhi ayihlangene noketshezi lokudlulisa, ngakho-ke ayincikile ekuhlanzekeni kwayo futhi ayithinti isimo samafutha.

ECU

Lona "ubuchopho be-electronic" bokudlulisa. I-ECU iqapha yonke imingcele yokuhamba kwemoto futhi, ngokuhambisana ne-algorithm ethungelwe kuyo, ilawula zonke izici zebhokisi. Akuxhomekile esimweni samafutha futhi akuphazamisi nganoma iyiphi indlela.

Ama-actuator we-hydraulic

Ipuleti le-Hydraulic namasilinda angama-hydraulic. Ziyi "izandla" ze-ECU futhi, ngomyalo ovela kuyunithi yokulawula, zisebenza kuma-brake band nama-clutch friction, ukushintsha indlela yokusebenza yokudlulisela.

I-Valve body automatic transmission

Izwela kakhulu ekuhlanzekeni kwamafutha, kodwa ungaphazamisi isimo sayo. Ngisho nocezu oluncane lwensimu noma insimbi lungavimba umzila lapho uketshezi lungena khona kusilinda se-hydraulic, okuzophazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo.

Iphampu kawoyela nesihlungi

Ipompo likawoyela liyinhliziyo yebhokisi, ngoba nguyena odala ukucindezela koketshezi lokudlulisela oludingekayo ekusebenzeni kwama-actuator we-hydraulic.

Isihlungi sihlanza ukudluliselwa kukho konke ukungcola, kusukela kuma-clutch ashile kuya othulini lwensimbi.

Zombili izindlela ziyazwela ekuthelelekeni koketshezi. Futhi ukushintsha uwoyela okufika ngesikhathi ku-gearbox othomathikhi kunganciphisa ukuphuma kwesihlungi, okuzoholela ekwehleni kwengcindezi ohlelweni kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kokudluliselwa.

ama-clutch

Lena enye i-analogue ye-clutch eshintshwayo, okwenza kube lula ukushintsha amagiya futhi kwenyuse ubushelelezi balolu hlelo. Ziyazwela ekuhlanzekeni kwamafutha, futhi ziwukungcola kwawo okuyinhloko. Ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo, bashisa kakhulu uwoyela, okunciphisa impilo yoketshezi lokudlulisela futhi kushintshe ingxenye yemingcele yayo eyinhloko.

Ibamba ukuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo

Ukwengeza, lapho kushisa ngokweqile noma kushisa kakhulu, izintambo zokushayisana ziyasha, futhi uthuli oluvuthayo lungena emafutheni.

Ama-brake bands

Balawula uchungechunge lweplanethi ngokuvimba ama-gearbox ngamunye, ngaleyo ndlela beshintsha isilinganiso segiya, okungukuthi, bavula isivinini esisodwa noma esinye. Abazweli ekungcolisweni koketshezi oludluliswayo, futhi ngokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo noma imithwalo ephezulu, bayaguga, bengeze uthuli lwensimbi emafutheni.

Ngabe isebenza kanjani i-automatic transmission?

Uma isikhethi sisendaweni ethi "N" futhi injini isamile, injini ye-turbine yegesi idlulisela kuphela ingxenye yamandla kushafti yokufaka yokudlulisela, futhi ngesivinini esinesivinini esikhulu sokuzungeza. Kulesi simo, i-clutch yokuqala ivulekile, ngakho-ke amandla e-torsion awadluliswanga ngaphezu kwawo futhi akukho mphumela kumasondo. Iphampu kawoyela idala ingcindezi eyanele ohlelweni ukuze isebenze wonke amasilinda amanzi. Uma umshayeli ekhetha noma yiziphi izindlela zokushayela, amasilinda angama-hydraulic alawula amabhande amabhuleki aqale avulwe, ngenxa yokuthi isethi yegiya leplanethi ithola isilinganiso segiya esihambisana nejubane lokuqala (eliphansi kakhulu).

Umgomo wokusebenza kokudluliswa kwe-othomathikhi

Lapho umshayeli ecindezela igesi, ijubane lenjini liyakhula, bese kuvulwa i-clutch yokuqala, futhi injini ye-turbine yegesi iguqula ukujikeleza kwe-shaft yenjini, inciphisa kakhulu isivinini kanye ne-torque ekhulayo. Konke lokhu, ngokusebenza okufanele kwebhokisi, kunikeza isiqalo esibushelelezi sokunyakaza kanye nesethi esheshayo yesivinini.

Njengoba ibhokisi le-ECU liyashesha, lishintsha amagiya, futhi ukuvula i-clutch yokuqala nokuvimba amagiya eplanethi usebenzisa ama-brake bands kwenza le nqubo ishelele futhi ingabonakali.

Yini ethinta uwoyela emshinini ozishintshayo

Uketshezi oludlulisayo lwenza imisebenzi emi-3 ebalulekile ebhokisini:

• igcoba futhi ipholise izakhi zokuhlikihla;
• imelela umzimba osebenzayo we-torque converter, ukudlulisa amandla kusuka engxenyeni eyodwa kuya kwenye;
• iwuketshezi olusebenza ngehydraulic, oluqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo wonke amadrayivu angama-hydraulic.

Uma nje i-lubricant ihlanzekile futhi nemingcele yayo ingashintshiwe, zonke izinhlelo zokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo zisebenza kahle, futhi ukukhululwa kwe-soot noma uthuli lwensimbi / ama-chips ebhokisini kuncane. Njengoba uketshezi lungcola futhi nemingcele yalo iwohloka, okulandelayo kwenzeka:

• ukugqoka kwezingxenye zokuxubha kuyanda, okwandisa kakhulu izinga lokubunjwa kokungcola;
• ukusebenza kahle kokuguqula i-torque yenjini ye-turbine yegesi kuyancipha;
• ukusebenza kwepuleti ye-hydraulic kuphazamiseka, ngoba izingcezu zokungcola zivala iziteshi ezincane futhi zinciphisa ukuphuma kwayo.

Transmission Fluid Condition

Lezi zinqubo zenzeka kunoma yikuphi ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo. Kodwa lapho igqoka kakhulu, lapho iqala khona futhi idlula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, imayela ngaphambi kokushintsha uwoyela ku-transmission entsha ezenzakalelayo lide ngokuphawulekayo kunasekukhathele kakade.

Ukushintshwa kawoyela

Ukushintsha uwoyela ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo kuhluke kakhulu kwinqubo efanayo, kodwa kwenziwa ku-gearbox manual: akunakwenzeka ukukhipha yonke ivolumu ye-lubricant. Okunye okuningi kungaphakathi kwe-donut, ingxenye encane ku-hydraulic plate nama-actuator. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokushintsha uwoyela zisetshenziswa:

• ingxenye (engaphelele);
• kabili ingxenye;
• igcwele (hardware).

Ngokwengxenye, cishe ingxenye ye-liquid ikhishwa, bese ingezwa entsha ezingeni elidingekayo. Indlela ekabili ihlanganisa ukwenza kuqala uguquko loketshezi oluyingxenye, bese uqala injini isikhathi esifushane ukuxuba okokugcoba, nokwenza olunye ushintsho olungaphelele. Le ndlela ingathatha indawo ecishe ibe ngu-70% yoketshezi.

Ukushintshwa kawoyela ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo

Indlela ye-hardware ikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe u-95-98% wokudlulisela, kodwa kudinga ukungenelela okujulile ohlelweni lukawoyela oluzenzakalelayo kanye nokuphindwe kabili, futhi kaningi ngisho nakathathu inani lamafutha amasha.

Ukushintshwa okuyingxenye

Lo msebenzi yiwona oyinhloko ngoba uhlanganisa zonke izenzo eziyisisekelo:

• ukukhipha uketshezi lokudlulisa;
• ukushintshwa kwesihlungi;
• ukuhlanza i-pallet;
• ukugcwaliswa kwamafutha;
• ukulungiswa kwezinga loketshezi lokudlulisela.

Lezi zenzo zibizwa ngokuthi eziyisisekelo ngoba kufanele zenziwe nganoma iyiphi indlela yokushintsha amafutha.

Nazi izinto zokusebenza namathuluzi azodingeka ukwenza lo msebenzi:

• igaraji elinomgodi, i-overpass noma i-lift;
• isethi ye-open-end kanye ne-socket wrenches;
• isethi se-screwdriver;
• abadayisi;
• isitsha sokudonsa amanzi emayini;
• isirinji noma uhlelo lokugcwalisa uketshezi olusha (udinga ukukhetha ngokusho kwebhokisi noma imoto).

Isistimu yokugcwalisa i-VAS 6262

Leli thuluzi kanye nemishini kuyadingeka ukuze usebenze nanoma yikuphi ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo.

Inqubo

Ukuze wenze le nqubo, qhubeka kanje:

1. Beka umshini emgodini, udlule noma uwuphakamise futhi uwusekele ngezinsimbi zamasondo.
2. Nqamula ibhethri ukuze uvikele injini no-gearbox ECU, kwezinye izimoto kungcono ukulikhipha, lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukufinyelela phezulu ku-automatic transmission.
3. Ukufinyelela kwamahhala ekudluliseni kusuka ku-hood, lokhu kuyadingeka kuphela ezimweni lapho, ngasizathu simbe, kulula kakhulu ukuthi ugcwalise amafutha avela phezulu, isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa imbobo yokuphefumula.
4. Khipha isivikelo sokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo, singenziwa njengeshidi elilodwa elinokuvikela injini, noma ime ngokuhlukana.
5. Faka esikhundleni isitsha bese ukhulula ipulaki yokudonsa, kwezinye izidluliseli kuzodingeka futhi ukhulule ishubhu lokulinganisa, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kwenzeke ukukhipha uwoyela.
6. Lapho uketshezi luphela, susa i-pan ukuze uthole ukufinyelela kusihlungi nepuleti le-hydraulic.
7. Shintsha isihlungi sangaphakathi. Naphezu kokuthi abanye amakhosi batusa ukuyigeza, sikweluleka ukuthi uyiguqule, ngoba izindleko zesici esisha azikwazi ukuqhathaniswa nomonakalo ongenziwa isihlungi esiwashiwe.
8. Faka esikhundleni isihlungi sangaphandle uma ukudlulisela kwakho kunesodwa (uma kungenjalo, sincoma ukukufaka, njengoba uzokwandisa impilo yokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo).
9. Faka esikhundleni i-gasket uphinde ufake i-pan. Abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto, njenge-BMW, ​​abathengisi i-gasket ngokuhlukana, kuphela nge-pallet kanye nezinsimbi ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, kukuwe ukuthi unqume ukuthi ungathatha yini enye indawo, okungukuthi, i-gasket engeyona eyangempela yekhwalithi engaziwa, noma usabeka lokho okunikezwa ngumkhiqizi.
10. Khipha ipulaki yokukhipha amanzi, uma ibhokisi lifakwe ishubhu lokulinganisa, bese ulifaka ngesikulufu kuqala.
11. Gcwalisa ngamafutha ezingeni elifanele. Indlela yokuhlola nokulungisa inani lamafutha incike ekuklanyweni kwebhokisi.
12. Shintsha bese uxhuma ibhethri.
13. Qala injini bese uhlola izinga futhi, lo msebenzi wenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kuye ngokuthi umklamo wokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo.

Ukushintsha uwoyela ngokwengxenye ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo

Faka kabusha izingxenye ezikhishiwe.

Ukushintshwa okuphindwe kabili

Yenza ushintsho olunjalo lwamafutha ebhokisini elizenzakalelayo ngokusho kwe-algorithm echazwe ngenhla. Kuphela ngemva kokushintshwa kokuqala, qala injini futhi uyivumele isebenze imizuzu engu-5-10 ukuze lonke uketshezi oluku-othomathikhi luxutshwe, futhi ushintshe isikhethi sokukhetha izikhathi eziningana ngokushintshana kuzo zonke izikhundla. Bese ucisha injini bese ushintsha okokugcoba futhi.

Ukushintshwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha

Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu, kodwa kufanele yenziwe uchwepheshe owazi kahle ukuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo. Ngale ndlela, umugqa wokubuyisela uwoyela uphukile futhi imfucuza ikhishwa, khona-ke ipompo ixhunywe esitsheni esinoketshezi oluhlanzekile lokudlulisa futhi ibhokisi ligcwele, lihlanza izinsalela zamafutha amadala. Ukugeza okunjalo akususi kuphela izimayini, kodwa futhi nokungcola okuye kwahlala eziteshini. Indlela yathola igama layo ngenxa yokuthi ingenziwa kuphela ngosizo lwesitendi esikhethekile (i-apparatus), futhi yonke imizamo yokubhekana nayo ngezindlela ezithuthukisiwe inciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle.

Uwoyela we-Hardware ushintsha ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo

Ukuze ukhiphe ngokuphelele uhlelo, umthamo wamafutha uyadingeka izikhathi ezi-3-4 inani elijwayelekile loketshezi lokudlulisela ohlelweni. Ngemuva kwanoma yiluphi ushintsho lokudlulisa, ibhokisi lizodinga ukushintshwa ukuze i-ECU yokuhambisa okuzenzakalelayo ijwayele ukusebenza namafutha amasha.

Naphezu kwezindleko eziphakeme, le ndlela yelula impilo yamayunithi asebenza ngokugcwele, futhi ihlehlisa ukulungiswa kwamabhokisi angenawo ama-clutch angashisi kakhulu.

Iyiphi indlela ekhethwayo ezimeni ezahlukene

Ukukhethwa kwendlela efanelekile yokushintsha uwoyela ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo kuncike esimweni seyunithi. Uma uketshezi luhlanzekile futhi ibhokisi lisebenza ngendlela efanele, kodwa ngokwemithethonqubo, isikhathi sesifikile sokushintsha i-lubricant (amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-30-60), khona-ke ukushintshwa okuyingxenye kwanele. Ngokugijima ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-70-120, yenza ushintsho oluphindwe kabili lwe-fluid, futhi lapho ukugijima kuyizinkulungwane ezingu-150-200, yenza ukushintshwa kwe-hardware. Bese uphinda wonke umjikelezo, wenza isenzo ngasinye ngesikhawu samakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20-40, kuze kube yilapho iyunithi iqala ukukhahlela noma ukusebenza ngokungalungile. Ngokugijima kwezinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amabili, izimpawu ezinjalo zibonisa isidingo sokulungisa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umbala noma iphunga loketshezi lokudlulisela.

Iyiphi indlela yokushintsha uwoyela emshinini ozishintshayo ongawukhetha

Uma iyunithi iyangingiza noma ingasebenzi kahle, khona-ke ukushintshwa kwengxenye akusizi, ngoba ukungcola okuningi kunqwabelene oketshezini oludluliselayo, ngakho-ke yenza okungenani ingxenye ephindwe kabili, futhi okungcono kube nokushintshwa kwehadiwe. Lokhu kuzokwandisa izindleko zakho ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, kodwa kuzokuvumela ukuba uhlole isimo sokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo futhi uthole ukuthi ingaqhubeka yini ukusebenza noma isivele idinga ukulungiswa.

Yenza okufanayo uma, nge-mileage ephansi (i-120 noma ngaphansi kwezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha), uwoyela ekudluliseni umnyama noma u-emulsified, kodwa alikho iphunga elinamandla lokuvutha. Uma, ngokugijima okuncane, kunuka kakhulu ukushisa, ngakho-ke kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokuyishintsha, iyunithi izodinga ukulungiswa ngokushesha. Phela, ama-clutch akhe, futhi mhlawumbe hhayi wona kuphela, agugile kakhulu, ngakho awasakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo ngokuphumelelayo.

Ungakwazi yini ukushintsha amafutha ngokwakho?

Ungakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo ngokwakho ngezindlela ezimbili zokuqala, okungukuthi, ingxenye kanye kabili. Kulokhu, noma yiliphi igaraji elinomgodi noma i-overpass lifanelekile, kanye nesethi evamile yamathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukulungisa imoto. Uma wena ngokwakho wenza okungenani uhlobo oluthile lokulungisa imishini, ungakwazi ukusingatha lo msebenzi. Into esemqoka ukulandela imithetho elula:

Funda futhi: I-steering rack damper - inhloso kanye nemithetho yokufaka

• ungasebenzisi i-sealant esikhundleni se-gasket evamile;
• funda imiyalelo yokusebenza yemoto kanye nezinkundla ezinezihloko lapho abasebenzisi beshiya khona ukubuyekezwa okuhlukahlukene namazwana;
• buka amavidiyo ambalwa lapho uchwepheshe ekhombisa khona ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani isenzo esithile;
• uma ukuvikelwa kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nenjini kwenziwa ngezinto eziwugqinsi futhi zenziwa ngendlela yeshidi elilodwa, ungakwenzi ukususwa uwedwa, cela othile ukuthi akusize;
• ukwenza ukunakekelwa kweyunithi, engagxili kuphela ku-mileage, kodwa futhi nesimo sayo;
• uma ungenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi ungenza yonke into ngendlela efanele, xhumana nesevisi yemoto engeyona ekhethekile, kodwa enhle.

Le mithetho izokusiza ukuthi ugweme amaphutha amakhulu futhi ugcine kahle ukudluliswa.

isiphetho

Ukushintsha uwoyela okufika ngesikhathi ku-othomathikhi, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemoto, kuyisihluthulelo senkonzo ende nengenasici yokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo. Ukukhetha okulungile kwendlela yokwenza lo msebenzi kwandisa impilo yokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo hhayi kuphela, kodwa wonke umshini.

Ushintsho lwamafutha ekudlulisweni okuzenzakalelayo