Ukushintsha ama-shock absorbers i-Audi 100 c4
Okuqukethwe
Uma i-Audi c4 yakho iqala ukulala emabhampini futhi yaqala nokunyakaza kakhulu phambi kwakho, kungenzeka ukuthi usuphelelwe izinto zokudonsa ezingaphambili. Ungawahlola ngale ndlela elandelayo.
Jikela phambi kwemoto ngokucindezela enye yezinsimbi bese ujeqeza izingalo zakho uzibeke eceleni, uma ingaphambili linyakaza izikhathi ezimbalwa, yazi-ke ukuthi isibambisi sangaphambili esisohlangothini olunyakazayo sidinga ukushintshwa.
Nakuba lokhu akuyona iZhiguli, indlela enjalo yokuxilonga ifanelekile, mhlawumbe lokhu kuzobhekwa njengendlela yokugcina.
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokushintshwa kwama-absorbers angaphambili, kuhle ukwenza ukhiye okhethekile. Ngenxa yokhiye, ukushintshwa kwama-absorbers angaphambili kuzoba ngokushesha kakhulu futhi kunembile ngokobuchwepheshe.
Ukwenza ukhiye okhethekile kuyinqubo elula futhi akuthathi isikhathi esiningi. Sikhetha ucezu lweshubhu olunobubanzi bangaphakathi obugxile kububanzi besiqu esimanzi esingu-25mm nobude obukhulu kunobude obunwetshiwe obuphelele obungaba ngu-300mm.
Ilayisi. 1 - Ubude benduku yokudonsa ukushaqeka.
Futhi sidinga nati 34. Ngemva kokubhoboza ingxenye yayo yangaphakathi ukuze ilingane nobubanzi benduku, sigaya unqenqema olulodwa lwenati, senza indawo eyisicaba. Sishisela inati kuze kube sekupheleni kweshubhu ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ekupheleni kwe-tube, sibhoboza imbobo yentshebe, ukuze kube lula ngathi ukuvula ukhiye, ungakwazi ukushisela i-nati phezulu futhi uyenze i-turnkey noma ikhanda.
Ilayisi. 2 - I-absorber nut.
Ngesikhathi sokukhipha i-shock absorber, ngeshwa, kwakungekho isikhathi sokwenza ukhiye, noma kunalokho, izinto ezidingekayo zazingekho, kodwa angizange nginakekele lokhu kusengaphambili. Ngakho-ke, ngezansi ngizochaza indlela yobuqaba yokufaka esikhundleni se-shock absorber.
Susa ikhava.
Ilayisi. 3 - Ikhava yegrill.
Khulula i-damper nut.
- Ilayisi. 4. Vala nati elimunca ukushaqeka.
- Le ngxenye yomsebenzi ichazwe ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni esithi Ukubuyisela ukusekelwa kwe-strut absorber shock.
- Khipha amantongomane angu-3 we-shock absorber strut support bese uwakhipha.
Ilayisi. 5 - Umshini wokukhipha.
Sisusa i-washer kanye ne-chipper ngokwayo. Uma iphukile, izodinga ukushintshwa.
Sibheka ngaphakathi futhi sibona lelo nati elingavuthiwe okufanele likhishwe ukuze kukhishwe into edonsa ngaphambili.
Umfanekiso 6 - Inati elifaka i-Shock absorber.
Manje ukuze sifike kumantongomane sidinga ukuphakamisa ingaphambili lemoto. Ukube besinokhiye, bekungeke kudingeke ukuthi sikwenze lokhu.
Thatha i-rag.
Umfanekiso 7 - I-Bellows nut ne-damper.
Okokuqala, sizama ukunamathisela ukhiye wegesi. Uma siphumelela, sizama ukuqaqa inati.
Ilayisi. 8. Sula inadi le-shock-absorber.
Lokhu akuzange kungilethele umphumela engangiwufisa, ngakho kwadingeka ngisebenzise itshiselo nesando. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi enjalo, inati alikwazanga ukumelana nalo futhi ekugcineni ngalinqoba.
Ngokukhulula nati, ungasusa endala bese ufaka i-absorber entsha yokushaqeka.
Ilayisi. 9 - Isinqamuleli esisha sokushaqeka i-Audi c4.
Umdwebo 10 - Isinqamuli esidala sokushaqeka i-Audi c4.
Isithombe se-shock absorber esidala sathathwa kamuva kakhulu, yingakho sibukeka sisibi kakhulu. Esithombeni sibona ukuthi induku yokudonsa ukushaqeka yehliswa kuze kube sekupheleni futhi ayikhuphukeli ngisho naphezulu, nakuba esithombeni sangaphambilini se-absorber entsha yokushaqeka induku iphezulu futhi uma yehliswa phansi, khona-ke isikhundla sayo sokuqala kancane amukele.
Ngemuva kwenqubo, kulula ukuwa.
Kushintshwa izinsika zangemuva isihlalo se-audi c4 vw audi skoda
Isizathu sokushintsha ama-shock absorber angemuva kwi-Audi c4 yakhe kube wukuqina okuqinile ngemuva kwemoto, ikakhulukazi uma idlula ama-speed bumps.
Phakamisa ingemuva lemoto bese ususa isondo langemuva.
Ilayisi. 1 - Isinqamuleli sokushaqeka sangemuva.
Ukuze sisuse i-strut yangemuva, sidinga ukukhulula i-nati ye-shock absorber bushing bese sisusa ibhawodi.
Ilayisi. 2 - Ukuqiniswa okuphansi kwe-shock-absorber.
Khulula i-nati bese ususa ibhawodi. Uma i-latch ingavumi, ungashintsha ujeke ngokuyimisa phezu kwe-beam futhi uyiphakamise kancane kancane ngenkathi uzama ukukhipha i-latch.
Umdwebo 3 - Yehlisa isibambisi esiphansi sokushaqeka ngojeke.
Ngemva kokukhulula intaba engezansi, qaqa amantongomane angu-3 entaba engenhla, ngekhanda elingu-13.
Umdwebo 4 - I-Upper shock absorber mount.
Ngemuva kokukhulula amantongomane angu-3, susa i-grille yangemuva.
Isithombe 5 - Izigxobo zokubopha phezulu.
Ilayisi. 6 - I-grille yangemuva.
Ngaphambi kokuhlakaza i-strut yangemuva, kuyadingeka ukuqaphela indawo ye-axis yebakaki ephansi, ngokuphathelene nendebe ye-absorber engaphezulu, ukuze kamuva iqoqwe ngendlela efanayo njengoba yayinjalo.
Ilayisi. 7 - Ukuma kwezinsika ezingemuva.
Ilayisi. 8 - I-grille yangemuva.
Siqinisa intwasahlobo ngezibopho kuze kube yilapho i-shock absorber iqala ukulenga kancane.
Umdwebo 9 - Siqinisa intwasahlobo.
Ngemva kokuthulula isibambisi sokwethuka, kufanele sikhulule nati elilungisayo.
Umfanekiso 10 - Inati elifaka i-Shock absorber.
Ukuze senze lokhu, sidinga i-wrench ye-socket engu-17 kanye nokhiye okhethekile wokubamba induku ye-shock absorber, ongayenza wena.
Ukuze senze ukhiye okhethekile, sidinga ibha enobubanzi obuncane kunobubanzi obungaphakathi bokhiye we-tubular, kimi, cishe ngo-15 mm, lapho kudingekile ukusika ububanzi obuyi-6 mm ..
I-beam kufanele ikhethwe ncamashi ngesisekelo sokhiye wokujika, njengoba i-boam enobubanzi obuncane ingase ingakwazi ukumelana nomthwalo. Ngesikhathi sokuqala ngithatha i-beam, cishe i-10 mm, ekugcineni kwadingeka ngiyenze kabusha.
Sibeka yonke into endaweni yayo. Okokuqala siqinisa amantongomane aphezulu, bese sihlanganisa i-bolt engezansi. Uma ungakwazi ukumisa yonke into ngesikhathi esisodwa, ungakhohlwa ujeke esiwusekelayo ukuze ukhiphe ibhawudi.
Siqinisa wonke amantongomane okulungisa ngamandla angu-25 Nm, uma kungekho ukhiye, udinga ukudonsa ngaphandle kokushisekela, ungakwazi ukuphula kalula ama-bolts okulungisa.
Indlela yokushintsha intwasahlobo yangaphambili, i-Audi A6 C5 yokushaqeka
Ngeke sithele amanzi amaningi esingenisweni, kodwa ake siqonde ngqo lapho kukhulunywa ngokushintsha isiphethu sangaphambili noma isibambisi sokwethuka se-Audi A6 C5.
Ebusika, lapho kubanda kakhulu, enye yeziphethu ezimiswe ngaphambili ze-Audi A6 C5 yehluleka futhi yaphuka phakathi nendawo. Kuvela ukuthi ucezu oluphukile lwentwasahlobo luvele lucindezele enye ingxenye phezulu.
- Ngenxa yesiphethu, noma kunalokho okwakusele kuyo, i-Audi yacwila ngokuphawulekayo futhi kwadingeka ngishayele ngokwesaba amaphoyisa alele nezinye imigodi emgwaqeni.
- Ngangiphinde ngikhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthi ukumiswa kuzosebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo futhi, ngaphezu kwentwasahlobo, kwakuzodingeka futhi ukufaka esikhundleni se-shock absorber, i-air spring, i-bump stop, amapuleti ama-rack aphezulu naphansi.
- Futhi, ngangingazi ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izingxenye namathuluzi angaba usizo ekulungiseni, ngakho kwadingeka ngithembele kimina kanye neziphethu ezintsha ezithengwe yi-Lesjofors (art. 4004236).
Inqubo yokushintsha iziphethu zangaphambili ze-Audi A6 C5 (Audi A4 / Passat B5 / Skoda Superb)
Njenganoma yikuphi ukulungisa okulengisiwe kwemoto, kuqala ngokukhipha isondo ngokuphepha nokumisa imoto, hhayi nje ukuthembela kujeke impilo yakho.
Uma usesikhaleni sesipho, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqaqa isikulufu esibambe izingalo zokudonsa ukushaqeka okuphezulu.
Qaphela, leli bhawodi libizwa ngokuthi "Impindiselo KaHitler" ngesizathu, ngoba liba muncu kakhulu futhi kungaba nzima kakhulu ukulikhulula.
Ngincoma ukuthi ungajahi ukushwiba isando, kodwa uqale uhlanze yonke imifantu, uzame ukuyiguqula bese uyithululela ngobuningi ngokhiye owuketshezi. Kunconywa ukuthi uvumele umkhiqizo ume amahora ambalwa noma izinsuku.
Ngemuva kwalokho, sijikijela i-nati emuva ukuze singalimazi intambo futhi siyisuse ku-knuckle yokuqondisa ngokunyakaza kokuhumusha.
Uma, ngemva kokukhwabanisa okuphelele, i-bolt ayinikeli, ngakho-ke, njengenketho, zama ukushisa isibhakela noma ukubhoboza ibhawodi nge-hammer drill (umsebenzi wokudlidliza).
Okulandelayo, khulula ibhawodi elibambe ingalo engezansi neso elibamba ukushaqeka. Akufanele kube nezinkinga, uma ihlanganiswe nama-levers, kuzodingeka ucindezele i-lever noma ukhulule ibha ye-anti-roll.
Manje kufanele sisuse ama-levers angenhla ku-knuckle yokuqondisa, njengoba i-Audi inezinsimbi ze-aluminium, akufanelekile ukuwashaya.
Ngikhiphe isikrufu ebhokisini lamathuluzi ngakhipha amaleveli equlwini lokuqondisa.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukhulula amabhawodi amathathu kubakaki befreyimu ngaphansi kwegebe lensiza. Yiqiniso, ngenxa yalokhu kwakudingeka ngisuse isivikelo sepulasitiki.
Ngemva kwenkathazo ethile, indlebe ye-shock absorber ayizange ifune ukuphuma engalweni engezansi, kodwa intaba yasiza, sasusa wonke umhlangano we-rack sawuyisa lapho izolungiswa khona ngokuqhubekayo.
Noma ubani osusa i-strut ukuze amiselele isiphethu noma ukushaqeka, khumbula i-engeli engu-11 degree lapho ukukhweza okuphezulu kufanele kuhlobane nethebhu yokushaqeka.
Ngakho-ke, uma ungaqondi noma ungazi ukuthi i-angle ilungiswa kanjani, ngikweluleka ukuthi ubeke amamaki futhi uwacabangele ngesikhathi sokufakwa.
Okulandelayo, qaqa izikulufi ezingaphezulu zobakaki bese uzikhipha kanye nezinsimbi.
Ukuze uthole ireferensi, ngizosho ukuthi uma futhi ushintsha izingalo ezingaphezulu ze-Audi A6, A4 noma i-Passat, khumbula ukuthi ibanga ukusuka onqenqemeni lokusekelwa kuya ezingalweni kufanele libekwe, esimweni sami (ngine i-Audi A6 C5) 57 mm. Kwamanye amamodeli kungase kuhluke.
Manje ungaqhubeka nokuhlaziywa kwe-strut absorber strut. Ukuze wenze lokhu, donsa entwasahlobo noma okusele kuwo. Ngisebenzise othayi be-zip abambalwa, maningi emakethe.
- Okulandelayo, udinga ukukhulula inati kubakaki, okufanele livikelwe ngehexagon ukuvimbela ukufuduka.
- Njengoba indawo yayincane, kwadingeka ngisebenzise ikhanda nokhiye wegesi.
- Bese sihlukanisa yonke into, sisuse i-nati, ibakaki, i-washer, i-trawl ye-spring engenhla, i-stopper nge-boot, ipuleti eliphansi kanye nesiphethu uqobo.
Sihlola zonke izingxenye ukuthi azigugile yini bese sishintsha uma kukhona okusolisayo. Ngokwami, yonke into yayisesimweni esihle kimi, futhi amaShayina amasha awangcono kuneyasekuqaleni, ngakho ngisanda kuthenga iziphethu. Ngihlole i-damper, isebenza ngokushelelayo futhi ngaphandle kwe-jamming, ngakho-ke angizange ngiyishintshe.
Khona-ke into enzima kakhulu iqala, lokhu kungumthetho wemithombo emisha. Njengoba iziphethu zangaphambili zinamandla impela, azikwazi ukuqoqwa ngezibopho ezibuthakathaka, ungakhubazeka.
Ngasebenzisa amapheya amabili ezithayi zekhebula, futhi ngangihlale ngizivikele ngentambo, kodwa angikwazanga ukuthola inadi elisekelayo.
Ixazulule inkinga ngezinye izandla ezimbili. Umsizi, esebenzisa izindlela ezithuthukisiwe, wadonsa induku yokudonsa ukushaqeka ngo-1 - 1,5 cm futhi lokho kwakwanele ukuguqula yonke into.
Manje njengoba usungakwazi ukukhweza yonke into, ungakhohlwa ukuhambisa ipuleti eliphezulu lentwasahlobo ngamadigri angu-11 ukusuka kuthebhu yokushaqeka ukuze isikhwebu esiphezulu sihlale kahle.
Futhi qiniseka ukuthi intwasahlobo ihlezi kahle emapuletini. Kufanele iphumule ngokumelene namaleji.
- Esigabeni sokugcina, sifaka i-front strut emuva ku-Audi futhi siqinise wonke amabhawodi nge-torque edingekayo N * m.
- Ama-torque okuqinisa ama-bolt:
- I-Brake caliper kuya ku-steering knuckle 120
- Isikulufu sokunamathisela ingalo yomhlahlandlela kuhlaka olungaphansi elingu-80 Nm bese uqinisa ngo-90°
- Isikulufu sokulungisa ingalo yokubamba kuzimele osizayo ongu-90 Nm futhi siqinise ngo-90°
- Amantongomane okuqinisa icici le-stabilizer engu-60 noma i-100 Nm
- Izikulufu zokubophela amajoyinti e-CV angaphandle kumahabhu amasondo angaphambili angu-90 Nm futhi aqinise ngo-180°
- I-Brake shield ukuya ku-steering knuckle 10
- Ama-hinge amantongomane ezilever ngaphezu kweknob ejikelezayo 40
- Amabhothi amasondo angu-120
- Ukuhlanganisa amantongomane phezu kwe-shock absorber 20
- Izingalo eziphansi kuye ku-nuckle lokuqondisa 90
- Amantongomane okuqiniswa kwe-lever of cross-section stability 25
- Ngokuqondene nengalo engezansi, ngizonezela ukuthi umshudo wayo kufanele uboshwe ngokuphelele, kuphela emotweni emi phansi, ukuze ibhulokhi ethule yengalo ingaphumeleli ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Uma othile engazange aqonde ukushintshwa kweziphethu zangaphambili noma izinto ezidonsa umoya ku-Audi A6 C5, ngincoma kakhulu ukubuka ividiyo enemininingwane.
Kuvidiyo, konke kutshelwa ngokuningiliziwe nangokuqondakalayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngethemba ukuthi lokhu kuwusizo kumuntu.
- Ekupheleni komsebenzi, sibeka isondo bese uhlola umphumela womsebenzi, ngezansi ungabona ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphambi kokushintshwa, nokuthi kwenzekani ngegebe ngemuva.
- Bheka izimoto zakho futhi wenze zonke izinqubo zokulungisa ngokwakho egaraji, ngoba lokhu akunzima uma kuneziqondiso eziningi zokulungisa nxazonke.
Ama-absorber othusayo we-Audi 100 C3 ne-C4 - okufanele ubeke
Ama-absorber othusayo we-Audi 100 C3 ne-C4, nakuba anomehluko, anokuningi okufanayo. Ziyahlukahluka, njengomthetho, kuye ngokuthi imoto ifakwe ukumiswa. Izinqamuleli zoqobo zalezi zimoto zihlinzekwa ngabakwa-Sachs no-Boge. Ngokuklama, angamapayipi amabili amapayipi agcwele uwoyela noma uwoyela wegesi.
Imibono ngekhwalithi nokusebenza kwalezi zinto ezidonsa ukushaqeka iyahlukahluka, kodwa ikakhulukazi ibe mihle. Bakhululekile impela ukushayela, bazizwa beqiniseka emigwaqweni emibi.
Ama-absorber angaphambili we-Audi 100 C3 ne-C4
I-front shock absorber yazo zombili izizukulwane ze-Audi 100 ecatshangelwayo azihlukaniswanga maqondana ne-mounting side, kodwa ziyehluka ngohlobo lwe-suspension yemoto.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bekunezinto eziningi zangempela ebezivele zithathelwe indawo ngokusemthethweni noma bezihloselwe izifunda ezahlukahlukene.
Ku-Audi 100 C3, izinhlobo ezi-2 zokumiswa zingafakwa, futhi ku-C4 kwase kunezingu-3.
Nakuba ukushaqeka okunezinombolo ze-athikili ezihlukene kufakwe ekumisweni ngakunye, zonke zinezilinganiso ezifanayo (kuzo zombili izizukulwane) futhi ziyashintsheka. Umehluko omkhulu ungaba kuphela ku-gasket yokudonsa ukushaqeka. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ama-struts kawoyela afakwe ekumisweni ngenketho "yemigwaqo emibi", futhi amanye ama-dizeli afakwe kwezinye. Uma kungenjalo, ku-C3 naku-C4 kuyafana.
Ubukhulu bama-absorber othusayo ngaphambili ku-Audi 100
Ikhodi yomhlinzeki | Ukumiswa | Ububanzi benduku, mm | Ububanzi bekesi, mm | Ubude bomzimba (ngaphandle kwesiqu), mm | Isifo sohlangothi, mm | |
C3 umzimba | 443413031G | Standard | 25 | 47,6 | 367 | 196 |
I-443413031Y | "Imigwaqo emibi" | |||||
C4 umzimba | 443413031G | Standard | ||||
I-Quattro (ukushayela ngamasondo amane) | ||||||
4a0413031m | Ezemidlalo |
4a0413031m
443413031G
I-suspension struts yasekuqaleni yalezi zimoto manje ayisekho isidingo. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi izimoto zakhiqizwa isikhathi eside, zinzima kakhulu ukuzithola ezithengiswayo, futhi okwesibili, intengo ephezulu.
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ama-analogue aziwa kakhulu ama-front strts. Kwi-Audi 100 C3 neC4 nakuzo zonke ezimisiwe ziyefana.
I-CreatorPrice, rub.Uwoyela Wegesi Kawoyela
Ikhodi yomhlinzeki | |||
I-Fenox | I-А31002 | I-А41003 | 1300 / 1400 |
I-KYB | 666001 | 366002 | 2200/2600 |
Izinqamuleli zokushaqeka zangemuva ze-Audi 100 (С3, С4)
Izinsika ezingemuva ze-C3 ne-C4 nazo azinaso isixhumi ohlangothini lokufakwa, futhi, ngokufanisa nengaphambili, isikhundla sihluka ngokuya ngokumiswa. Kodwa ziyalingana futhi ziyashintshana.
Kodwa empeleni, kuphela izinsika ezingemuva wonke-wheel drive Audi 100 C4 (Quattro) ezahlukene. Ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye nemiklamo.
Kodwa izilinganiso ze-C3 / C4 evamile kanye nokumiswa "komgwaqo omubi" noma "Sport" kuyafana, ngakho-ke zingashintshwa, into eyinhloko ukuthi ukuqina kwabo kufanelekile.
Ubukhulu bama-absorber othusayo angemuva ku-Audi 100
Ikhodi yomhlinzeki | Ukumiswa | Ububanzi benduku, mm | Ububanzi bekesi, mm | Ubude bomzimba (ngaphandle kwesiqu), mm | Isifo sohlangothi, mm | |
C3 umzimba | 443513031H | Standard | 12 | 60 | 360 | 184 |
443513031G | "Imigwaqo emibi" | |||||
C4 umzimba | 4A9513031B | Standard | ||||
4А0513031К | Ezemidlalo | |||||
4А9513031С - okujwayelekile; 4A0513031D - ezemidlalo; | I-Quattro (ukushayela ngamasondo amane) | - | - | 346 | 171 |
443513031G
4А9513031К
Ama-absorber wangempela angemuva angashintshwa adingeka kakhulu. Izizathu ziyefana nezangaphambili. Kuzo zonke i-Audi 100 C3 ne-C4 enakho konke ukumiswa (ngaphandle kwe-Quattro) ama-analogues afanayo.
ProducerItemPrice, rub.
Ama-absorber angemuva azo zonke i-Audi 100 C3 ne-C4 (ngaphandle kwe-C4 Quattro) | ||
I-Fenox | I-А12003 | 1400 |
I-TRV | I-JGS 140T | 1800 |
I-KYB | 351018 | 4100 |
Izinqamuleli zokushaqeka zangemuva ze-Audi 100 C4 Quattro | ||
UMonroe | 26339 | 2600 |
Imibhoshongo | DH1147 | 1200 |
UNkulunkulu | 32-505-F | 4100 |
Imaphi ama-shock absorbers e-Audi 100 C3 ne-C4 angcono ukuwathenga
I-Kayaba shock absorbers izoba ehamba phambili ekusebenzeni kanye nekhwalithi. Banezici zokuphatha kanye nokuhlala kahle, eziqinile uma kuqhathaniswa.
Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, abanikazi be-Audi 100 C3 ne-C4, bekhetha ama-racks e-Kayaba, bavame ukukhetha amafutha emasondweni angaphambili ochungechunge lwe-Premium, kanye namasondo angemuva - uchungechunge lwe-Ultra-SR. Athambile kunawoyela wegesi, anethezekile emigwaqweni engalingani futhi afana kakhulu nalawo asekuqaleni ngokwezimpawu.
Okungadumile kancane uchungechunge lukadizili lwe-Kayaba Excel-G. Ziqinile futhi zinethezekile ekushayeleni okusheshayo nokunamandla.
Uma ama-KYB engathengeki, ukushaqeka kwe-Fenox kuyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu. Ngendlela, zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabanikazi be "amakhulu" we-Audi. Lena inhlanganisela ephelele yentengo nekhwalithi. Lapho ukhetha i-Phenox, abashayeli abaningi baphinde bakhethe ama-absorber shock.
Kudingekile ukushintsha ama-grille ku-Audi 100 C3 ne-C4, njengakwezinye izindawo, kuye ngokuthi izinga lokugqoka. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-absorbers okuqala ahlala amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-70.