Ukunukubezeka kwezimoto: imikhuba, izindinganiso nezisombululo

Ukungcoliswa kwemoto kuhlanganisa kokubili amandla aqukethwe kuyo kanye nokungcola okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwayo (uphethiloli, ukukhishwa kwegesi, izinhlayiya ezingcolisayo, njll.). Ukulwa nalokhu kungcola ezimotweni, amazinga, imithetho kanye nezintela zethulwe eminyakeni edlule.

🚗 Iyini imiphumela yokungcoliswa kwezimoto?

Imoto ineqhaza elibalulekile ekungcoleni ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene: ukusetshenziswa kwayo, vele, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokukhipha izinto ezingcolisa umoya emkhathini, kanye nokukhiqizwa nokubhujiswa kwayo.

Theimoto esetshenziselwa ukwenza imoto yakho iwumthombo wokungcola, kanjalo nokwakhiwa kwezingxenye zayo nezinye izinsimbi: insimbi, ipulasitiki, kanye nezinto ezifana lithiumesetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amabhethri emoto.

Theukukhishwa kwalokhu kusetshenziswa okuluhlaza ngokwayo isebenzisa imithombo yemvelo futhi iwumthombo wokungcola. Sikhuluma ngayoamandla ampunga : amandla asetshenziswa phakathi nomjikelezo wempilo yemoto. Amandla ahlanganisiwe ukukhiqizwa, ukukhiqiza, ukuthutha, noma ngisho nokugaywa kabusha kwemoto yakho, ngaphandle kokubala ukusetshenziswa kwayo.

Amandla wangempela wemoto ancike, yiqiniso, kumodeli yayo, kodwa singalinganisela ukuthi amandla emoto yedolobha likaphethiloli cishe 20 kWh... Futhi ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile yokuthi ukungcoliswa kwezimoto ezihlanganisiwe nezikagesi kuncane, amandla ahlanganisiwe emoto kagesi alinganiselwa cishe 35 kWh... Ngempela, amandla atholakala kumabhethri kagesi alezi zimoto aphezulu kakhulu.

Khona-ke, kukho konke ukuphila kwayo, imoto yakho izohlinzekwa futhi ilungiswe, okudinga amandla futhi okuholela ekungcoleni. Ibhethri izoshintshwa, kanjalo namathayi alo, uketshezi, izibani, njll. Ngemva kwalokho izofinyelela ekupheleni kwempilo yayo futhi kuyodingeka ilahlwe.

Uma ezinye izingxenye nezakhi zingasetshenziswa kabusha - lokhu kubizwaumjikelezo wezomnotho – Imoto yakho futhi iqukethe imfucuza eyingozi (i-brake fluid, ibhethri, isiqandisi se-A/C), njll. Kufanele ziphathwe ngendlela ehlukile.

Ekugcineni, kunenkinga yokusebenzisa imoto yakho. Kukho konke ukuphila kwayo, izodla uphethiloli futhi ikhiphe ukungcola namagesi. Phakathi kwabo, ikakhulukazi i-carbon dioxide (CO2), igesi ebamba ukushisa. Lokhu kubangela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke.

Uma sikhuluma ngokungcoliswa kwezimoto, sivame ukucabanga nge-CO2, ngisho noma ikude nomthombo wokungcola wemoto ethile. Inani le-CO2 elikhiqizwa imoto liyahlukahluka kuye ngemoto kuye ngezinto eziningi ezifana nalezi:

• Le uhlobo lwamafutha iyadla;
• La inani likaphethiloli kudliwe;
• La amandla injini ;
• Le isisindo somshini.

Ezokuthutha zinesibopho cishe 30% ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa eFrance, futhi izimoto ziwumthombo wengxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yale CO2.

Kodwa-ke, i-CO2 ikude nokungcola okukhishwa yimoto yakho. Iphinde ibangele i-nitrogen oxides (NOx)eziyingozi empilweni futhi ikakhulukazi ezibhekene neziqongo zokungcola. Kukhona futhi izinhlayiya ezincane, okungama-hydrocarbon angashiswanga. Babangela umdlavuza kanye nezifo zokuphefumula.

Ezwekazini laseFrance, izinhlayiya ezinhle kukholakala ukuthi zinesibopho sokungaphezu kwalokho 40 ukufa minyaka yonke, ngokusho koMnyango Wezempilo waseFrance. Ikakhulukazi zihlukaniswa ngezinjini zikadizili.

🔎 Wazi kanjani ukuthi imoto yakho ingcole kangakanani?

Njengoba imoto ikhipha ukungcola okuningi futhi iqukethe amandla amaningi, akufaneleki ukukhuluma ngamazinga okungcola. Eqinisweni, akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi imoto ingcolile kangakanani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka ukuthi siyazi Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 imoto, engafani ncamashi, njengoba imoto ingcolisa kakhulu kunokukhishwa kwe-CO2.

Ezimotweni ezintsha, abakhiqizi manje sebedingeka ukuthi babonise ukukhishwa kwe-CO2. Kudingekile. Le nkomba ikalwa uma kuhlolwa imoto ngokwezingaI-WLTP (Inqubo Yokuhlola Okuvunyelanisiwe Emhlabeni Wonke Yezimoto Ezilula), yaqala ukusebenza ngoMashi 2020.

Ngemoto esetshenzisiwe, ungathola mayelana nokungcoliswa kwemoto usebenzisa isifanisiI-ADEME, I-Ejensi Yokuvikela Imvelo Namandla.

Lokhu kulingisa kuyatholakala kuwebhusayithi yezisebenzi zikahulumeni. Ukuze uthole mayelana nokungcoliswa kwemoto yakho, uzodinga ukugcwalisa idatha embalwa:

• Ndodana umaka ;
• Ndodana Модель ;
• Sa usayizi (imoto yedolobha elincane, i-compact sedan, ikhumbi, njll.);
• Sa ukusebenza komzimba (inqola yesiteshi, i-sedan, i-coupe, njll.);
• Ndodana amandla (ugesi, uphethiloli, igesi, udizili ...);
• Sa Ukudluliswa (okwenziwa ngesandla, okuzenzakalelayo ...).

⛽ Unganciphisa kanjani ukungcoliswa kwezimoto?

Eminyakeni edlule, kuye kwahlongozwa izixazululo eziningi zokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwezimoto. Ngakho-ke, imoto yakho iqinisekile ukuthi inamadivayisi alwa nokungcola njengevalvu ye-EGR noma isihlungi sezinhlayiya.

Kodwa esikalini sakho, ungakwazi futhi ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemoto yakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa i-eco-driving reflexes, isibonelo:

• Ungasebenzisi ngokweqile izesekeli isibonelo, isimo somoya noma ukushisa, okuyinto, ikakhulukazi, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kukaphethiloli;
• Ungashayeli ngesivinini esikhuluokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanjalo nokukhishwa kweCO2;
• Unganensisi ngeze futhi kube lula ukubhuleka kwenjini;
• Njalo futhi ngendlela efanele ingcindezi yesondo, amathayi angavuthelwanga ngokwanele adla okwengeziwe;
• Dlulisa ngokushesha umbiko futhi kungabikho ukusheshisa;
• usebenzisa isilawuli sejubane ukunciphisa ukusheshisa nokubhuleka.

Yebo, ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwezimoto nakho kudinga ukulungiswa okuhle. Yenza izinsiza zakho minyaka yonke ukuze wandise impilo yayo. Okokugcina, ungathengi imoto entsha kaningi: ukwenza imoto entsha kuyakhiqiza 12 amathani CO2... Ukuze unxephezele lokhu kukhishwa, uzodinga ukushayela okungenani Amakhilomitha angu-300.

🌍 Yiziphi izixazululo zokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwezimoto?

Sekuyiminyaka imithetho ilwa nokungcoliswa kwezimoto. Ngakho, iPhalamende LaseYurophu lamukele imigomo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2. Imithetho yendawo nayo isebenzela ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwezimoto.

Nansi indlela ezinye izindawo ezinkulu zamadolobha amakhulu e-French (Paris, Lille, Lyon, Strasbourg, Marseille, Dijon, njll.) zikwenze kwaba isibopho Isitika se-Crit'air... Lesi sitifiketi sibonisa isigaba sezemvelo semoto ngokuhambisana nenjini yayo kanye nezinga laseYurophu lokukhipha umoya ongcolile.

Izintela nazo zethulwa: isibonelo, ibhonasi-inhlawulo yemvelo noma intela ye-carbon... Ngisho noma udala ikhadi lakho elimpunga, ukhokha intela eyengeziwe yemoto ekhipha i-CO2 eningi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye amadivaysi okuvikela ukungcola Manje sekuyimpoqo emotweni yakho: isihlungi sezinhlayiyana, esifakwe kuzo zonke izinjini zikadizili, kanye nakwezinye izimoto zikaphethiloli, i-valve ye-EGR, isistimu yokukhipha igesi ephumayo, njll.

Nini ukulawula ezobuchwepheshe, ukungcoliswa kwemoto yakho kungenye yezinkomba ezilinganisekayo. Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngokweqile kungaholela ekuyekisweni kokulawula kobuchwepheshe. Kuzodingeka ukulungisa ingxenye bese uhlolwa ngobuchwepheshe.

Ekugcineni, kukhona umbuzo wezimoto kanye nophethiloli. Ngempela, udizili uyingozi kakhulu endaweni ezungezile. Njengoba kakade imakwe ngesitikha se-Crit'air futhi ifakwe izinto zokulwa nokungcola, injini kadizili isiqala ukuduma.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile obufana nezimoto zikagesi noma ezixubile ziyathuthuka. Nokho, qaphela: amandla ahlanganisiwe emoto kagesi abaluleke kakhulu, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokwenziwa kwebhethri layo. Lokhu kungaphezu kwalokho kwemoto kaphethiloli.

Ngamanye amazwi, kufanele unwebe ubude bayo bempilo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uzame ukunxephezela ukungcola okuphezulu okubangelwa umjikelezo wempilo yemoto yakho kagesi. Ngakho-ke khumbula ukuthi ukungcoliswa kwemoto akuxhomekile kuphela ekukhishweni kwe-CO2, kodwa futhi nakuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila kwayo, kusukela ekukhiqizeni kuya ekulahleni.

Njengoba ubona, ukungcoliswa kwezimoto empeleni kuyisihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho okuzwakalayo. Uma wonke umuntu ecabanga ngophethiloli kanye ne-CO2, lokhu akude nomthombo owodwa wokungcoliswa kwezimoto. Khumbula, ukuze unciphise ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, kufanele uhambisane nemithetho esebenzayo futhi ulungise futhi unakekele imoto yakho ukuze inwebe ukuphila kwayo!