Ukumiswa kwangemuva kwemoto: kuyini, kusebenza kanjani
Okuqukethwe
I-torsion bar ihlanganisa ngokuqinile amasondo angemuva, okunciphisa kakhulu ukunethezeka nokulawulwa kwemoto kumathrekhi "amabi". Ezinguqulweni zabagibeli nezimpahla, iziphethu zivame ukushintshwa ngeziphethu kanye nezibambisi zokushaqeka. Imiklamo ye-Multi-link ezimotweni ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili isetshenziswa kuphela kumamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukungahambi kahle emgwaqeni kudala ukuzamazama, okuzwakala emotweni. Khona-ke uhambo luba nzima kakhulu kubagibeli. I-suspension yemoto yangaphambili nangemuva imunca ukushaqeka okuvela emgwaqeni futhi kudambise ukudlidliza. Cabangela inhloso, isimiso sokusebenza kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo se-axle yangemuva yomshini.
Kuyini ukumiswa kwangemuva
I-suspension njengeqoqo lezindlela ungqimba oluxhuma umzimba wemoto namasondo.
Yenzelwe ini
Ingxenye ebalulekile ye-chassis - ukumiswa okungemuva - amazinga omgwaqo, kudala ukuhamba kahle, okwandisa ukunethezeka komshayeli nabagibeli lapho behamba.
Umklamo usebenzisa inani leminye imisebenzi:
- ngokomzimba uxhuma isondo (unsprung mass) kuhlaka noma umzimba (sprung mass);
- imelana nokushushuluza nokugingqika kwemoto emakhoneni;
- ngaphezu kwalokho uhlanganyela ekubhulekeni.
Ukwenza imisebenzi esohlwini, ukumiswa kwangemuva kunomthelela ekwenzeni imoto ibe nekhono elingcono lokunqamula izwe.
Idivayisi yokumiswa
Ngokwemvelo yesenzo, zonke izingxenye nezindlela zokumiswa kwangemuva zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu:
- Amadivaysi e-Elastic (ama-torsion bars, iziphethu, izingxenye ezingezona ezensimbi) - dlulisa amandla aqondile asebenza emgwaqeni ukuya emzimbeni, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise imithwalo enamandla.
- Izakhi zomhlahlandlela (ama-levers) - bona amandla e-longitudinal kanye ne-lateral.
- Ama-damping node - nciphisa ukudlidliza kohlaka lwamandla emoto.
Izinto zokubopha ngemuva ziyizinsimbi zerabha zensimbi kanye nama-ball bearings.
imoto ehamba ngamasondo angaphambili
I-asi yangemuva yezimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili izwa ingcindezi encane uma inyakaza, ngakho-ke ama-elementi amisiwe ahlala isikhathi eside. Izimoto zanamuhla zakwamanye amazwe nezasekhaya zivame ukuhlonyiswa ngokumiswa okungabizi, okulula ukukugcina nge-torsion beam. Lesi sixazululo sinciphisa izindleko zomenzi kanye nezindleko zokugcina zemoto.
Ukugcina kanjani ukumiswa kwemoto yakho
I-torsion bar ihlanganisa ngokuqinile amasondo angemuva, okunciphisa kakhulu ukunethezeka nokulawulwa kwemoto kumathrekhi "amabi". Ezinguqulweni zabagibeli nezimpahla, iziphethu zivame ukushintshwa ngeziphethu kanye nezibambisi zokushaqeka. Imiklamo ye-Multi-link ezimotweni ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili isetshenziswa kuphela kumamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu.
imoto edonsa ngamasondo angemuva
Ukushayela ku-axle yangemuva yezimoto zabagibeli kubeka izidingo ezengeziwe zokwethenjelwa ekumisweni, ngakho-ke, ekwakhiweni kwezimoto ezinjalo, i-multi-link ivame ukusetshenziswa. Kulesi simo, ama-hubs emithambeka ahlanganiswe nama-longitudinal nama-transverse levers ngenani okungenani izingcezu ezine.
Ukumiswa kwamasondo angemuva kunikeza ukunethezeka okungenakuqhathaniswa namazinga omsindo aphansi.
Izici zokumiswa ngemuva
Ukuphepha kokunyakaza kuncike empilweni yokumiswa kwangemuva, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi izingxenye zomhlangano.
Uhlelo luhlanganisa:
- Ama-longitudinal pendulum levers. Ungavumeli amasondo ukuthi anyakaze endizeni evundlile.
- Ama-cross levers (amabili emthambekeni ngamunye). Bagcina ukuqondanisa kwesondo futhi bagcine eyokugcina isesimweni esiqinile ngokuphathelene nomgwaqo;
- Ibha ye-Anti-roll. Yehlisa ama-lateral rolls ngesikhathi sokuqondisa.
- Isigxobo se-Stabilizer. Basebenza ekuzinzeni kwe-lateral yemoto.
- Isitholi sokushaqeka.
Ukumiswa kwangemuva, ukuqina kwe-shock absorbers kanye ne-stabilizers, ubude bezintambo zibalulekile. Kanye nezinga lokudambisa izindlela zokumunca ukushaqeka.
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokumiswa kwangemuva, nokho, zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- isakhiwo esincike. Ipheya lamasondo angemuva lixhunywe ngokuqinile nge-ekseli, i-beam, noma ibhuloho elihlukanisiwe noma eliqhubekayo. Ngokuvamile kukhona inhlanganisela yokumiswa okuhlinzekela ukufakwa kwebhuloho elinesiphethu (esincike, intwasahlobo), intwasahlobo (encike, intwasahlobo) kanye nezakhi zomoya (i-pneumatic, incike). Lapho amasondo exhunywe nge-beam eqinile, umthwalo udluliselwa ngokuqondile ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye: khona-ke ukugibela akuhlukani nokuthambile.
- Ukumiswa okuzimele kancane. Kusetshenziswa ugongolo olufanayo lapha, kodwa ngezici ze-torsion bar. Noma eyokugcina yakhelwe egodini. Lesi sici sokuklama sengeza ukuhamba okushelelayo, njengoba ibha ye-torsion ithambisa ukucindezeleka okudluliselwa kusuka emthambekeni owodwa kuya komunye.
- uhlobo oluzimele. Amasondo axhunywe i-ekseli abhekana nemithwalo ngokwawo. Ukumiswa okuzimele kuyi-pneumatic kanye ne-torsion bar.
Inguqulo yesithathu yezinqubo yiyona ehamba phambili kakhulu, kodwa eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebizayo.
Ukuthi isebenza kanjani
Ukumiswa kwemoto kusebenza kanje:
- Lapho imoto ishaya isithiyo, isondo likhuphuka ngaphezu kwethrekhi evundlile, lishintsha indawo yezinduku, izinsimbi, amayunithi ajikelezayo.
- Yilapho i-shock absorber ingena khona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, intwasahlobo, eyayikade isesimweni esikhululekile, icindezelekile ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla e-kinetic we-push of the tire in the direction from the ground flight - phezulu.
- Ukuminyanisa okunwebekayo kokumunca ukushaqeka ngentwasahlobo kugudluza intonga: izihlahla zenjoloba-zensimbi zimunca kancane ukushaqeka nokudlidliza okudluliselwa emzimbeni wemoto.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, inqubo yemvelo ehlehlayo iyenzeka. Intwasahlobo esanda kucindezelwa ihlale ifuna ukuqondisa futhi ibuyisele i-shock absorber, kanye nayo isondo, endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni.
Umjikelezo uphindwa ngawo wonke amasondo.
