Kungani udinga ama-airbags emotweni: isimiso sokusebenza, izinhlobo nezimo zokusebenza

Ama-Airbag angenye yezimfanelo eziyinhloko zemoto yesimanje. Kunzima ukukukholelwa, kodwa eminyakeni engu-40 edlule, akekho kubaholi bemboni owake wacabanga ukuzifaka, futhi manje uhlelo lwe-SRS (lwe. Igama) kufanele lube kuzo zonke izimoto ezikhiqizwayo. Okungenani ngaphandle kwazo, umenzi akakwazi ukubona isitifiketi se-NHTSA.

Abashayeli bezimoto abaningi bayaqonda futhi ukuthi le divayisi ingasindisa izimpilo zabo futhi bakhethe amamodeli aphephile.

Ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuthenga, kubalulekile ukuthi ube nentshisekelo yokuthi mangaki ama-airbag afakiwe ephaketheni, futhi ukuze ube nolwazi kule ndaba, siphakamisa ukuthi ungazijwayeli nje ngethiyori eyomile yedivayisi ye-airbag, kodwa futhi izinhlobo zabo, izindawo zokufaka, ukungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka kanye nempilo yesevisi (efanele ukuthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe).

Avele nini futhi kanjani ama-airbag

Ngokokuqala ngqa, bacabanga ngokudala imicamelo emuva kuma-40s, nakuba kungeyona eyabashayeli bezimoto, kodwa kubashayeli bezindiza bezempi. Kodwa izinto azihambanga ngale kwamalungelo obunikazi. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s, i-Ford ne-Crysler nayo yaqala ukusebenza kule ndlela, kodwa ngephutha elilodwa - ama-airbags ayebhekwa njengenye indlela yamabhande esihlalo.

Ngokushesha uGM waluqeda lolu daba, wakhulula izimoto ezingu-10 000 ezifakwe ama-airbag. Izibalo zibonise ukufa kwabantu abangu-7 kuphela (bese kuba oyedwa ovela isifo senhliziyo). Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho i-NHTSA yabona khona lokhu njengesiqondiso esithembisayo futhi yashaya umthetho wokuba khona okuyimpoqo kwama-Airbag kuyo yonke imoto.

Futhi njengoba imakethe yaseMelika ngaleso sikhathi yayiyinkulu kunazo zonke, abakhiqizi baseYurophu nabaseJapane balungisa ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha baqala ukukhipha intuthuko yabo kulokhu.

Indaba iphela ngo-1981. I-Mercedes-Benz ikhipha i-W126, lapho ama-airbag ayehambisana namabhande abamba amabhande. Lesi sixazululo sivumele ukulinganisa kufikela ku-90% wamandla omthelela. Ngeshwa, umphumela omuhle kakhulu awukafinyelelwa.

Idivayisi

Ngaphambi kokuba siqonde ukuthi ama-airbag asebenza kanjani, ake sithathe uhambo olufushane lwezakhi eziyinhloko zesistimu ye-SRS, ngoba i-airbag ngokwayo ayiyona yonke into.

Esinakho:

• Izinzwa zomthelela. Zifakwe ngaphambili, ezinhlangothini nangemuva komzimba. Umsebenzi wabo ukulungisa isikhathi sokushayisana nokudlulisa ulwazi ngokushesha ku-ECU;
• Ijeneretha yegesi noma isistimu yokucindezela. Iqukethe ama-squibs amabili. Owokuqala unikeza u-80% wegesi ogcwalisa umcamelo, kanti owesibili u-20%. Owokugcina uvutha kuphela ekushayisaneni okukhulu;
• Isikhwama (umcamelo). Lena yindwangu emhlophe efanayo, noma kunalokho igobolondo lenayiloni. Impahla imelana nemithwalo emikhulu yesikhashana futhi ilula kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ivula ngokushesha ngaphansi kwengcindezi yegesi.

Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa nenzwa yesihlalo somgibeli ukuze ngesikhathi kushayisana uhlelo lwazi ukuthi kuyadingeka yini ukukhulula i-airbag yomgibeli noma akukho muntu lapho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi i-accelerometer ifakwe ku-SRS, enquma ukuketulwa kwemoto.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-Airbag yesimanje

Ngenxa yobukhulu nokuthambile kwayo, ngokuhambisana nezintambo, umcamelo wenza imisebenzi emithathu:

• ayivumeli umuntu ukuthi ashaye ikhanda lakhe esiteringini noma kudeshibhodi;
• yehlisa isivinini esine-inertial somzimba;
• isindisa ekulimaleni kwangaphakathi okubangelwa ukwehla okungazelelwe.

Esokugcina kufanele sigxile kukho. Lapho kushayisana ngesivinini esikhulu, amandla angenawo amandla abangela ukuthi izitho zangaphakathi zishaye amathambo, abangele ukuthi aqhume futhi ophe. Ngokwesibonelo, ukushayeka okunjalo kobuchopho ogebhezini lwekhanda ngokuvamile kuyabulala.

Ukuthi uhlelo lwe-SRS lusebenza kanjani kakade lungaqagelwa kusukela kudivayisi, nokho kufanelekile ukuphinda:

1. Ngesikhathi sengozi, inzwa yomthelela ithola ukungqubuzana futhi ikudlulisele ku-ECU.
2. I-ECU iyala ijeneretha yegesi.
3. Ipompo ye-squib iyaphuma futhi igesi ngaphansi kwengcindezi inikezwa isisefo sensimbi, lapho ipholisa khona kumazinga okushisa afunekayo.
4. Kusukela kusihlungi, ingena esikhwameni.
5. Ngaphansi kwethonya legesi, isikhwama sanda kakhulu ngosayizi, sigqekeza esikhumbeni semoto futhi sivuthele usayizi oshiwo.

Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngemizuzwana engu-0.3. Lesi sikhathi sanele "ukubamba" umuntu.

Ngendlela, yingakho umzimba wemoto kufanele ukhubazeke nge-accordion. Ngakho-ke ayicimi nje kuphela inertia, kodwa futhi inikeza uhlelo lwe-SRS isikhathi sokusindisa umuntu ekulimaleni okubi.

Ngemva kokuthunyelwa, i-airbag izoncibilika ngokuphelele phakathi nemizuzu embalwa ukuze inikeze ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zokuhlenga noma ukuze umshayeli akwazi ukushiya imoto yedwa.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zama-airbag

Ngemuva kuka-1981, ukuthuthukiswa kwemicamelo akuzange kuphele. Manje, kuye ngesigaba semoto, abakhiqizi banganikeza izakhiwo ezihlukene zesistimu ye-SRS enciphisa ukulimala ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zezingozi.

Izinguqulo ezilandelayo zingahlukaniswa:

Ngaphambili

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, olutholakala nasezimotweni eziningi zebhajethi. Njengoba negama lisho, zivikela umshayeli nomgibeli ongaphambili lapho kushayisana khona ngaphambili.

Umsebenzi omkhulu wale micamelo wukuthambisa inertia ukuze abagibeli bangashayi kudeshibhodi nesiteringi. Zingase zihluke ngosayizi kuye ngokuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwe-torpedo nezihlalo zangaphambili.

Ngokwazo, ngeke zivuleke, ngisho noma zishaywe ngephutha. Kodwa kunezinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha. Isibonelo, umgibeli akufanele abambe imithwalo ezandleni zakhe, futhi lapho ufaka isihlalo somntwana, udinga ukuvala i-airbag yomgibeli ngenkinobho ehlinzekwe ngokukhethekile.

Emaphakathi

Lo mbono uvele eminyakeni embalwa edlule, futhi cha, umcamelo awukho ku-centre console, kodwa phakathi kwezihlalo zangaphambili. Ngakho-ke, isebenza njengesithiyo esinwebekayo phakathi komshayeli nomgibeli.

Ukwenza kusebenze kwenzeka kuphela ngokuthinta uhlangothi, futhi umsebenzi oyinhloko wale airbag ukuvimbela umshayeli nomgibeli ukuthi bashayisane ngamakhanda.

Ngendlela, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kwavela ukuthi lo mcamelo ubuye unciphise ukulimala ngesikhathi sokugingqika kwemoto ophahleni. Kodwa zifakwe kuphela ezimotweni ze-premium.

Side

Lawa ma-airbag acushwa abe side effect futhi avikela umshayeli nabagibeli ekulimaleni amahlombe, i-pelvis kanye nomzimba. Azikho ezinkulu njengezangaphambili, kodwa, uma kubhekwa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka, ziyakwazi ukumunca amandla afinyelela ku-70%.

Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo lomcamelo alutholakali ezimotweni zesigaba sesabelomali, ngoba ubuchwepheshe buhlinzeka ngokufaka okuyinkimbinkimbi kuma-racks noma izihlalo zokuhlala.

Amakhethini (ikhanda)

Amakhethini noma, njengoba ebizwa nangokuthi, imicamelo yekhanda, nayo iklanyelwe ukuvikela abasebenzisi bomgwaqo ekulimaleni nasezingcezu zezingilazi ngesikhathi sokuthinteka ohlangothini. Zibekwe eduze kohlaka lwefasitela nezinsika, ngaleyo ndlela zivikela ikhanda ngokuyinhloko. Kutholwe ezimotweni ze-premium kuphela.

idolo

Uma kubhekwa ukuthi ama-airbag angaphambili avikela kuphela ikhanda nomzimba womshayeli nomgibeli ongaphambili, iningi lokulimala bekusemilenzeni. Lokhu kwakuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emadolweni. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi banikeze umcamelo ohlukile kule ndawo. Asebenza kanye kanye nama-airbag angaphambili.

Okuwukuphela kwento, phambi kwalolu hlobo lwe-airbag, umshayeli kufanele aqaphe ibanga phakathi kwamadolo ne-torpedo. Kufanele njalo ibe mkhulu kuno-10 cm. Uma kungenjalo, ukuphumelela kokuvikelwa okunjalo kuzoba phansi.

Indawo emotweni

Ukuze unqume ukuthi kuphi futhi yimiphi imicamelo emotweni, akudingekile ukuvula imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe. Imithethonqubo iphoqa abakhiqizi ukuthi baphawule izindawo zabo ngombhalo oqoshiwe noma umaki.

Ngakho-ke, ungathola ukuthi ama-airbag athile asemotweni yakho kanjena:

• Ezangaphambili zikhonjiswa ngokuqoshwa engxenyeni emaphakathi yesondo lokuqondisa kanye nasesihlangu ngaphezu kwegumbi lamagilavu;
• Amadolo amakwe ngendlela efanayo. Umdwebo ungatholakala ngaphansi kwekholomu yokuqondisa nangaphansi kwesigaba sebhokisi lamagilavu;
• Amakhethini aseceleni namakhethini azinika ithegi. Yiqiniso, kuzodingeka uyibheke ngokucophelela, njengoba abakhiqizi bathanda ukuwafihla ngenxa ye-aesthetics.

Ngendlela, lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe, akufanele ugxile kuphela emazingeni. Imicamelo iyalahlwa, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi imoto isibe sengozini. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubheka i-trim eduze kwezimpawu ze-airbag. Uma kunemifantu, izimbobo, noma iminonjana yokulungiswa esikhumbeni, cishe imicamelo ayisekho.

Uhlelo lokuvikela lusebenza ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo?

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukukhomba iphuzu elilandelayo - imicamelo ayisebenzi kanjalo nje. Ngakho-ke, lapho ushayela, azisoze zandizela ebusweni bakho ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho noma kwenzeka ingozi ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-20 km, inzwa ngeke inikeze isignali yokukhulula ama-airbag, ngoba amandla e-inertia asencane kakhulu.

Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukuphawula amacala lapho umnikazi wemoto enquma ukulungisa i-trim yangaphakathi endaweni ye-pillows. Ukuze uvimbele ukuvuleka ngengozi nokulimala okulandelayo, kufanele ukhiphe amatheminali ebhethri, bese ulungisa kuphela.

I-airbag isebenza kanjani emotweni?

Amaphutha

Njengazo zonke izinhlelo ezisebhodini, imicamelo iboshelwe kukhompuyutha futhi itholwa yinethiwekhi esebhodini. Uma kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle, umshayeli uzokwazi ngakho ngesithonjana esikhanyayo kudeshibhodi.

Amaphutha angahlanganisa:

• Iphutha noma ukwehluleka kwesistimu;
• Ukuxhumeka okungalungile kwe-Airbag;
• I-oxidation yezintambo noma othintana nabo (okuvamile ngemva kokugeza);
• Ukwehluleka kwenzwa yokushaqeka;
• Ayikho isignali evela kuyunithi yokulawula, amabhande, imicamelo noma inzwa;
• Ukuhluleka kwe-fuse (oxhumana naye kungenzeka ukuthi ucimile);
• Ukufakwa okungalungile kwemicamelo emisha noma isondo lokuqondisa.

Uma kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle, sicela uxhumane nesevisi. Njengoba kuzokwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela isimo sangempela sobuchwepheshe se-pillows kuphela ngesikhathi sengozi, egcwele imiphumela edabukisayo.

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi lapho uthenga imoto endala (kusukela eminyakeni engu-15 ubudala), imicamelo kuzodingeka ishintshwe ngokucacile, njengoba ukushaja kwe-cartridge sekuvele "kuphelile" eminyakeni edlule. Namuhla, ukushintshwa komcamelo owodwa kuphela kubiza kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-10. Uma ukuphepha kubalulekile, kungase kudingeke ufune imoto encane.