Amaseli formic acid
Ukusebenza kahle kwethiyori kokuguqula amandla amakhemikhali abe amandla kagesi kumaseli kaphethiloli kungafinyelela ku-100%. Amaphesenti, kodwa kuze kube manje angcono kakhulu kuwo yi-hydrogen - asebenza kahle kufika ku-60%, kodwa ama-fuel cell asekelwe ku-formic acid anethuba lokufinyelela lawa ma-theoretical 100%. Zishibhile, zilula kakhulu kunangaphambili futhi, ngokungafani namabhethri avamile, zinikeza ithuba lokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezicindezelayo zingama-20% kuphela -? kusho uDkt Hub. IsiNgisi Andrzej Borodzinski from IPC PAS.
I-fuel cell iyisisetshenziswa esiguqula amandla amakhemikhali abe ugesi. I-current ikhiqizwa ngokuqondile ngenxa yokushiswa kukaphethiloli phambi kwama-catalysts asetshenziswa ku-anode ne-cathode yeseli. Isithiyo esikhulu ekwandiseni amaseli e-hydrogen ukugcinwa kwe-hydrogen. Le nkinga ibonakale inzima ngokwedlulele ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe futhi ayikaxazululwa ngezixazululo ezanelisayo. Aqhudelana namaseli e-hydrogen amaseli e-methanol. Nokho, i-methanol ngokwayo iwushevu, futhi izakhi eziwudlayo kufanele zakhiwe kusetshenziswa izinto ezimba eqolo zeplatinamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amangqamuzana e-methanol anamandla aphansi futhi asebenza endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho izinga lokushisa elingaba yingozi (cishe ama-90 degrees).
Esinye isisombululo ama-fomic acid fuel cell. Ukusabela kuyaqhubeka ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, futhi ukusebenza kahle namandla eseli kuphakeme ngokusobala kunalawo e-methanol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-formic acid iyinto okulula ukuyigcina nokuthutha. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza okuzinzile kweseli ye-formic acid kudinga i-catalyst ephumelelayo nehlala isikhathi eside. I-catalyst eyasungulwa yithi inomsebenzi ophansi kune-palladium catalysts ehlanzekile esetshenziswe kuze kube manje. Nokho, umehluko uyanyamalala ngemva kwamahora amabili okusebenza. Ukuba ngcono. Nakuba umsebenzi we-palladium catalyst ehlanzekile uqhubeka nokwehla, owethu uzinzile, "kusho uDkt Borodzinsky.
Inzuzo ye-catalyst eyakhiwe kwa-IPC surfactant, ebaluleke kakhulu ngokombono wezomnotho, ukuthi igcina izakhiwo zayo lapho isebenza nge-fomic acid ene-low-purity. Lolu hlobo lwe-formic acid lungakhiqizwa kalula ngamanani amakhulu, kuhlanganise ne-biomass, ngakho uphethiloli wamaseli amasha ungabiza kakhulu. I-biomass-derived formic acid ingaba uphethiloli oluhlaza ngokuphelele. Imikhiqizo yokusabela okwenzekayo ngokubamba iqhaza kwayo kuma-fuel cell amanzi ne-carbon dioxide. Lesi sakamuva siyigesi ebamba ukushisa, kodwa i-biomass itholakala ezitshalweni ezimunca ngesikhathi sokukhula kwazo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwe-formic acid evela ku-biomass kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kumaseli ngeke kuguqule inani le-carbon dioxide emkhathini. Ingozi yokungcoliswa kwemvelo nge-formic acid nayo iphansi.
Amaseli amafutha e-formic acid azothola izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Ingabe ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuzoba phezulu kakhulu ezintweni zikagesi eziphathwayo? omakhalekhukhwini, laptops, GPS. Lezi zakhi zingaphinda zifakwe njengemithombo yamandla ezimotweni kusukela ezihlalweni ezinamasondo ukuya kumabhayisikili kagesi nezikebhe.
Kwa-IPC PAS, ucwaningo seluyaqala manje ngamabhethri okuqala akhiwe ngamaseli amafutha e-formic acid. Ososayensi balindele ukuthi i-prototype yedivayisi yokuthengisa kufanele ibe isilungile eminyakeni embalwa.
ngokusekelwe ezintweni ze-Institute of Physical Chemistry PAN
