I-WWW iyi-Balkans ye-inthanethi

I-World Wide Web, noma i-WWW, kusukela ekuqaleni empeleni yayiyinguqulo ye-electronic yebhodi lezaziso, incwadi, iphephandaba, umagazini, i.e. edition yendabuko, ehlanganisa amakhasi. Ukuqonda i-inthanethi "njengohlu lwamasayithi" kuqale ukushintsha kamuva nje.

Kusukela ekuqaleni, ubudinga isiphequluli ukuze upheqa iwebhu. Umlando walezi zinhlelo uxhumeke ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nomlando we-inthanethi. Ama-Dinosaurs akhumbula i-Netscape kanye nokubangisana kwayo ne-Microsoft Internet Explorer, ukuthakasela kwayo iFirefox kanye nokufika kwe-Google Chrome. Nokho, ngokuhamba kweminyaka, imizwa yezimpi zesiphequluli iye yadamba. Abasebenzisi beselula abazi ngisho nokuthi yisiphi isiphequluli esibabonisa i-inthanethi, futhi akunandaba ngempela kubo. Kufanele isebenze futhi yikho.

Kodwa-ke, noma bengazi ukuthi yiziphi iziphequluli abazisebenzisayo, basasebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza oluhlinzeka nge-inthanethi emaphakathi noma engathathi hlangothi. Okufanayo ngeke kushiwo kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zama-smartphone ezinikezela ngezinsizakalo zazo nokuqukethwe "phezu" kwe-inthanethi. Inethiwekhi lapha iwuhlobo lwendwangu oluxhuma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene. Ukuhlonzwa kwe-inthanethi ngohla lwemibhalo lwe-WWW kuqedile.

Ukuthatha isinyathelo esikhathini esizayo okwenzeka phambi kwamehlo ethu, ngenethiwekhi - lapho singanyakazi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ngokomzimba, singene echwebeni le-Intanethi yezinto - sivame ukuxhumana ngokuqhubekayo hhayi ngokunyakaza kwamagundane, ukuchofoza nokuthinta ikhibhodi, kodwa izwi, ngokuya ngokunyakaza nokuthinta. I-WWW endala enhle ayishabalali kangako njengoba iba enye yezingxenye eziningi zempilo yethu ebonakalayo, isevisi esiyisebenzisa ngaphansi kwezimo nezimo ezithile. Ayisafani ne-inthanethi njengoba yayiqondwa eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu edlule.

Ukuphela kokukhetha - isikhathi sokubeka

I-Twilight, noma kunalokho ukucekelwa phansi kwe-World Wide Web, kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nethrendi ekude nayo Ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-inthanethi, nakuba kungenasidingo futhi akufani neze. Ungacabanga nge-WWW engahlangene nokungathathi hlangothi, kanye ne-inthanethi engathathi hlangothi ngaphandle kwe-WWW. Namuhla, kokubili i-Google ne-China zinikeza abasebenzisi amasevisi alawula ngokuphelele ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo ye-inthanethi ababona kungcono kakhulu kubo, noma ngabe lokho kuwumphumela we-algorithm yokuziphatha noma umbono wepolitiki.

Amalogo esiphequluli aqhudelanayo

I-inthanethi Emaphakathi manje isichazwa njenge-cyberspace evulekile, umongo wedijithali lapho kungekho muntu okhethiwe noma ovinjwe ngokomthetho. Iwebhu yendabuko, empeleni, yenza lokho kanye. Ngokombono, noma yiliphi ikhasi lingatholakala kunjini yokusesha yokuqukethwe. Yiqiniso, ngenxa yokuncintisana phakathi kwamaqembu futhi, ngokwesibonelo, ama-algorithms okusesha athulwe yi-Google ukuze uthole imiphumela "ebaluleke kakhulu", lokhu kulingana kwethiyori kuye kwaba namandla ... ngokomqondo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukuphika ukuthi abasebenzisi be-inthanethi bebefuna lokhu ngokwabo, abaneliseki ngemiphumela yosesho enesiphithiphithi nengahleliwe kumathuluzi okusesha iwebhu okuqala.

Abagqugquzeli benkululeko eku-inthanethi babone usongo lwangempela lokungathathi hlangothi kuphela ezindaweni ezinkulu ezivaliwe ezilingisa indawo yomphakathi, njenge-Facebook. Abasebenzisi abaningi basabheka le nethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu njengendawo engathathi hlangothi enokufinyelela kwamahhala okusesidlangalaleni kwawo wonke umuntu. Ngempela, ngezinga elithile, imisebenzi, ake sithi, yomphakathi, yenziwa yi-Facebook, kodwa le sayithi ivaliwe ngokucacile futhi ilawulwa ngokuqinile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubasebenzisi bohlelo lokusebenza leselula le-Facebook. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olusebenza ku-smartphone luqala ukubona futhi lube nomthelela kwezinye izici zempilo ye-inthanethi yomsebenzisi. Lo mhlaba awuhlangene nokuthola nokukhetha amasayithi esifuna ukuwavakashela, njengoba kwakunjalo kuWWW endala. "Kuyaziphoqa, iphushe futhi ikhethe okuqukethwe esifuna ukukubona ngokuya nge-algorithm.

Uthango lwe-inthanethi

Sekuyiminyaka eminingi ochwepheshe bethuthukisa lo mqondo. I-Balkanization ye-Intanethi. Lokhu kuvame ukuchazwa njengenqubo yokudala kabusha imingcele kazwelonke neyezwe kunethiwekhi yomhlaba. Lolu olunye uphawu lokwehla kweWebhu Yomhlaba Wonke njengomqondo owake waqondwa njengenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke, eyeqisayo kanye neyedlulele ehlanganisa bonke abantu ngaphandle kwemingcele. Esikhundleni se-inthanethi yomhlaba wonke, i-inthanethi yaseJalimane, inethiwekhi yase-Japan, i-cyberpace yase-Chile, njll. Kwesinye isikhathi sikhuluma ngokuvikelwa kubunhloli, kwesinye isikhathi sikhuluma ngemithetho yendawo, kwesinye isikhathi sikhuluma ngokulwa nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi.

Izindonga zomlilo ezisetshenziswa yiziphathimandla zaseShayina naseRussia sezivele zaziwa emhlabeni jikelele. Nokho, amanye amazwe ajoyina labo abakulungele ukwakha imingcele namadamu. Isibonelo, i-Germany inxenxa izinhlelo zokudala inethiwekhi yezokuxhumana yase-Europe ezodlula izindawo zase-US futhi ivimbele ukugadwa yi-American eyaziwayo. Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezokuphepha Senkantolo Ephakeme Yokuphatha futhi omncane owaziwayo Umlingani waseBrithani - GCHQ. U-Angela Merkel usanda kukhuluma ngesidingo sokuxoxisana “ikakhulukazi nabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi base-Europe abazoqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezakhamuzi zethu ukuze ama-imeyili nolunye ulwazi kungadingeki kuthunyelwe ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic futhi kwakhiwe inethiwekhi yokuxhumana.” e-Europe."

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eBrazil, ngokolwazi olusanda kushicilelwa ku-IEEE Spectrum, umongameli wezwe, u-Dilma Rousseff, uthi ufuna ukubeka "izintambo ezihamba ngaphansi kolwandle ezingeke zidlule e-United States."

Yebo, konke lokhu kwenziwa ngaphansi kwesiqubulo sokuvikela izakhamizi ekugadweni yizinsizakalo zase-US. Inkinga ukuthi ukuhlukanisa ithrafikhi yakho kuyo yonke inethiwekhi akuhlangene nombono we-inthanethi njengeWebhu Yomhlaba Wonke evulekile, engathathi hlangothi, yomhlaba wonke. Futhi njengoba ulwazi lubonisa, ngisho naseShayina, ukucwaninga, ukulawula nokuvinjelwa kwenkululeko kuhlala kuhambisana “nokubiyela” i-inthanethi.

Ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla: umsunguli we-Internet Archive - Brewster Kahle, ubaba we-inthanethi - uVint Cerf nomdali wenethiwekhi - uTim Berners-Lee.

Abantu bayasetshenziswa

U-Tim Berners-Lee, umsunguli wensizakalo yewebhu futhi ongomunye wabagqugquzeli abaqine kakhulu bokungathathi hlangothi nokuvuleleka, uthe engxoxweni nabezindaba ngoNovemba odlule ukuthi umuntu angawuzwa umoya “ongathandeki” ku-inthanethi. Ngokombono wakhe, lokhu kusongela inethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke, kanye nokuhweba kanye nemizamo yokungathathi hlangothi. isikhukhula solwazi olungamanga nenkulumo-ze.

UBerners-Lee usola kancane izinkundla ezinkulu zedijithali ezifana ne-Google ne-Facebook ngokusabalalisa ulwazi olungalungile. Ziqukethe izindlela zokusabalalisa okuqukethwe nokukhangisa ngendlela ezoheha ukunakwa okukhulu kwabasebenzisi.

 idonsa ukunaka komdali wesayithi.

Lolu hlelo aluhlangene nezimiso zokuziphatha, iqiniso noma intando yeningi. Ukunakwa kuwubuciko ngokwako, futhi ukusebenza kahle ngokwako kuba yikhona okugxilwe kukho, okuhumushela ekubeni yimali engenayo noma izinhloso zezepolitiki ezifihliwe. Kungakho abantu baseRussia bathenga izikhangiso ezibhekiswe kubavoti baseMelika kuFacebook, Google nakuTwitter. Njengoba izinkampani zokuhlaziya zabika kamuva, kuhlanganisa. Cambridge Analytica, izigidi zabantu zingakhohliswa ngale ndlela "i-microtargeting yokuziphatha".

 UBerners-Lee uyakhumbula. Ngokombono wakhe, lokhu akusekho, ngoba kuzo zonke izinyathelo kukhona abantu abanamandla abalawula ukufinyelela kwamahhala kunethiwekhi ngezindlela eziningi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo babeka usongo emisha.