I-viscosity yamafutha enjini - sinquma ngaphandle kwezinkinga
Okuqukethwe
Ukukhetha okokugcoba enjini yemoto yakho akunzima uma uthola ukuthi i-viscosity kawoyela wenjini iyini kanye neminye imingcele yayo. Noma yimuphi umshayeli angaluqonda lolu daba.
Uwoyela viscosity - kuyini?
Lolu ketshezi lwenza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile eqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenjini: ukususwa kwemikhiqizo egqokile, iqinisekisa inkomba ephelele yokuqina kwesilinda, ukugcotshwa kwezinto zokukhwelana. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi uhla lokushisa ukusebenza amayunithi amandla izimoto zanamuhla ibanzi impela, kunzima kubakhiqizi ukwenza ukwakheka "ekahle" motor.
Kepha bangakhiqiza uwoyela osiza ukufeza ukusebenza kahle kwenjini, ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukugqokwa kwayo kokusebenza okunganaki. Inkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yanoma yimuphi uwoyela we-injini yisigaba sayo se-viscosity, esinquma ikhono lokwakheka ukuze kugcinwe uketshezi, okusele phezu kwezingxenye zamandla eyunithi. Okungukuthi, kwanele ukwazi ukuthi yini i-viscosity yokuthululela uwoyela we-injini ku-injini evuthayo yangaphakathi, futhi awusakhathazeki ngokusebenza kwayo okuvamile.
I-Dynamic and kinematic viscosity yamafutha enjini
I-American Union of Automotive Engineers SAE idale uhlelo olucacile olusungula amamaki e-viscosity kuwoyela wezimoto. Kuthatha izinhlobo ezimbili ze-viscosity - kinematic futhi ashukumisayo. Eyokuqala ikalwa ngama-capillary viscometers noma (okuvame ukuphawulwa ngayo) ngama-centistoke.
I-kinematic viscosity ichaza uketshezi kwayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu najwayelekile (ama-100 nama-40 degrees Celsius, ngokulandelana). Kodwa i-viscosity eguquguqukayo, ebizwa nangokuthi i-absolute, isho amandla okumelana akhiwa ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwezingqimba ezimbili zoketshezi ezihlukaniswe ngamasentimitha angu-1 ukusuka komunye nomunye ngesivinini esingu-1 cm / s. Indawo yesendlalelo ngasinye isethwe ilingana no-1 cm. Ikalwa ngama-viscometers ajikelezayo.
Unganquma kanjani i-viscosity yamafutha enjini ngokuya nge-SAE standard?
Lolu hlelo alubeki amapharamitha wekhwalithi wokuthambisa. Ngamanye amazwi, i-viscosity index yamafutha enjini ayikwazi ukunikeza umshayeli ulwazi olucacile mayelana nokuthi yikuphi uketshezi oluthile olungcono kakhulu ukuze agcwalise injini ye "iron horse". Kodwa ukumakwa kwe-alphanumeric noma kwedijithali kokwakheka kwe-SAE kuchaza izinga lokushisa lomoya lapho uwoyela ungasetshenziswa, kanye nenkathi yokusetshenziswa kwawo.
Ukucacisa i-viscosity yamafutha enjini ngokusho kwe-SAE akunzima. Izithambiso zesimo sezulu sonke zimakwe kanje - SAE 0W-20, lapho:
- inombolo engu-20 iyinkomba ye-viscosity yokushisa ephezulu yokubunjwa;
- incwadi yesiNgisi ethi W "inikeza imvume" yokusetshenziswa kwamafutha ebusika;
- inombolo 0 inquma izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu elivunyelwe ukuqala injini phansi liye ku -40 ° C.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha ezimoto nge-viscosity yokwakhiwa kwesizini kulula nakakhulu. Ezasehlobo zifana ne-SAE 50, zasebusika - SAE 20W.
Empeleni, ikilasi le-SAE likhethwa ngokusekelwe kulokho izinga lokushisa elivamile lasebusika elivamile endaweni lapho imoto isetshenziswa khona. Abashayeli baseRussia bavame ukukhetha imikhiqizo enenkomba ye-10W-40, njengoba ilungele ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa aze afike ku-25 degrees. Futhi ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokuhambisana kwamaqembu e-viscosity yasekhaya kanye namakilasi omhlaba wonke kuqukethwe kuthebula le-motor viscosity yamafutha. Ukuyithola ku-inthanethi akunzima neze.
Ngokungeziwe ekuhlukaniseni okuchaziwe kwamafutha nge-viscosity, ahlukaniswa ngokuya ngezinkomba ze-ACEA ne-API. Babonisa i-motor lubricant ngokuya ngekhwalithi, kodwa sizokhuluma ngalokhu kwenye into ku-viscosity yamafutha ezinjini zemoto.
