Konke mayelana amathayi endiza

Kuyisondo eligxilisa yonke imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe (ngaphandle kowodwa: ukubamba eceleni)

20 bar ingcindezi, 340 km / h, lokushisa umehluko kusuka -50 kuya 200 ° C, phezu 25 amathani umthwalo ...

Ngemva kokubona ukuthi isondo le-GP lingumqongo wesondo lesithuthuthu, nakhu okunye ukuqonda ngomhlaba omangalisayo wamasondo! Futhi lokhu kukhanyisa kuyasilethela isondo lendizaokuyinto nakanjani ibhasi ukuthi igxile kakhulu izinkinga zobuchwepheshe. Kodwa ake sibeke izici ezithile zomongo ngaphambi kokuba sifinyelele umnyombo wendaba.

Imindeni emi-4 emikhulu kanye nendida yezobuchwepheshe

Izwe lezindiza lihlukaniswe imindeni emine eyinhloko: Izindiza zomphakathi zibhekisela kumajethi amancane angasese njengeCessna. Izindiza zesifunda ziphathelene nezindiza ezinosayizi omaphakathi ezinomthamo wezihlalo ezingama-20 kuya kwezingu-149, ezihamba cishe amakhilomitha angamakhulu amaningana, kanye nezindiza zebhizinisi. Izindiza zezentengiselwano zinamandla okusebenzisa izindiza ezinqamula amazwekazi. Ngokuqondene nendiza yezempi, ibizwa ngokufanelekile.

Nokho, isondo lendiza lihlushwa indida enkulu. Kuthiwa i-hyper-tech, kodwa emindenini emithathu kwemine yamabhizinisi (izindiza zomphakathi, isifunda, nezempi), irabha yendiza iseyi-diagonally tech-savvy. Yebo, i-diagonal, hhayi i-radial njengokuxhumana kwethu okuhle kwakudala kwangaphambili noma, muva nje, i-Honda CB 750 K0 enhle! Kungakho ezindizeni zomphakathi, ngokwesibonelo, kunemikhiqizo eminingi ekwazi ukunikeza amathayi.

Isizathu silula: kwezokundiza, izindinganiso zokugunyazwa kwengxenye ziqinile kakhulu futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho, lapho ingxenye ethile ivunyiwe endizeni, iqinisekiswa impilo yendiza. Ukuhlanganisa enye ingxenye kuzobiza kakhulu, futhi njengoba ubude bendiza buba amashumi eminyaka okungenani angu-3, ​​ngezinye izikhathi isikhathi eside, izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe zihamba kancane kunezinye izindawo. Ngakho, isizukulwane esisha ngasinye sendiza sisheshisa izinga le-radialization yemakethe.

Lokhu kunzima kakhulu kwezentengiselwano zezindiza, lapho izindinganiso ziqinile nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke, amathayi ane-radial, futhi abadlali ababili kuphela abanolwazi lobu buchwepheshe futhi babelana ngemakethe: i-Michelin ne-Bridgestone. Siyakwamukela ku-lerepairedespilotesdavion.com !!

Impilo (enzima) yesondo lendiza ye-Boeing noma i-Airbus

Zicabange uyibhasi lendiza (asikho isizathu, amaHindu aphupha ngokuphindukuzalwa njengenkomo noma imbali yelotus). Ngakho-ke, uyithayi lendiza elifakwe, yithi, i-Airbus A340 noma i-Boeing 777, enguqulweni yabo yebanga elide. Usendaweni yetiyela ngokuthula yeTerminal 2F e-Roissy. Amaphaseji asuliwe. Kunuka kamnandi. Izisebenzi ziyeza. Hmm, abasikazi bahle namuhla! Imigqomo ivuliwe, kungene imithwalo, abagibeli bahambe, bajabulele ukuya eholidini. Amathreyi okudla alayishiwe: yenkomo noma yenkukhu?

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uzizwa usinda kancane, njengokungathi ucindezelekile emahlombe akho. Mangisho ukuthi cishe amalitha angu-200 kaphalafini asanda kuphonswa emaphikweni akho. Sekukonke, indiza ingaba nesisindo esingamathani angama-000. Ngokusobala, awuwedwa othwala bonke lobu bunzima: i-Airbus A380 inamathayi angu-340, i-A14, 380. Nokho, nakuba ubukhulu bakho buqhathaniswa nobukhulu besondo leloli, kufanele uthwale umthwalo wamathani angu-22, kuyilapho Isondo leloli lithwala nje isilinganiso samathani ama-27.

Wonke umuntu ulungele ukuqala. Ukwenza kusebenze isilayidi. Ebheka umnyango ongaphesheya. Kuzokulimaza lapho. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuze isuke lapho ihlala khona, indiza egcwele kakhulu izozungeza yodwa ukuze iphume endaweni yayo yokupaka. Irabha yesondo izoba nomphumela wokugunda, uhlobo lokudwengula endaweni yokuxhumana. Hawu!

Okubizwa ngokuthi "itekisi" isikhathi: itekisi phakathi kwesango nomgwaqo wezindiza. Lolu hambo lwenziwa ngesivinini esincishisiwe, kodwa njengoba izikhumulo zezindiza ziba zinkulu, kungenziwa ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ambalwa. Lapha, lezi futhi akuzona izindaba ezinhle kuwe: isondo lilayishwe kakhulu, liyagingqika isikhathi eside futhi liyashisa. Kubi nakakhulu esikhumulweni sezindiza esikhulu esinamazinga okushisa aphezulu (isb. eGoli); kangcono esikhumulweni sezindiza esincane emazweni asenyakatho (isb. Ivalo).

Phambi kwethrekhi: igesi! Cishe imizuzwana engu-45, umshayeli uzofinyelela isivinini sokusuka (250 kuya ku-320 km / h kuye ngokuthi amandla endiza nomoya). Lona umzamo wokugcina wesondo lendiza: imikhawulo yesivinini ingezwa emthwalweni bese isondo lingashisisa kancane lifike ngaphezu kuka-250 ° C. Lapho selisemoyeni, isondo lingena emgodini amahora ambalwa. Thatha isihlwathi, usizi? Yilokho, ngaphandle kokuthi -50 ° C! Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, izinto eziningi zizoba nzima njengokhuni futhi zibe brittle njengengilazi: hhayi isondo lendiza, okuzodingeka libuyisele ngokushesha zonke izimfanelo zalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzila wezindiza uyabonakala. Yehla esitimeleni. Indiza ithinta phansi kahle ngesivinini esingama-240 km / h. Ngesondo, lokhu kuyinjabulo, ngoba cishe akukho parafini, ngakho-ke yonke into inesisindo esingamathani ayikhulu, ngakho-ke phakathi nale mizamo izokhuphuka kuphela ekushiseni kwe-120 ° C! Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-carbon discs ashisa kancane, amathrekhi angu-8 akhiqiza ukushisa okungaphezu kuka-1200 ° C. Kuyashisa! Amakhilomitha ambalwa ngaphezulu amafushane wetekisi kanye nebhasi lendiza zizokwazi ukupholisa phansi futhi ziphumule ku-asphalt, zilinde umjikelezo omusha ... ohlelwe emahoreni ambalwa nje!

I-NZG noma i-RRR, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe

NgoJulayi 25, 2000: Inhlekelele eRoissy lapho iConcorde ye-Air France Flight 4590 eya eNew York iphahlazeka imizuzwana engu-90 ngemva kokusuka. Elinye lala masondo lonakaliswe imfucumfucu eshiywe emgwaqweni wezindiza; kuqhamuke ucezu lwesondo, luthinte elinye lamathangi futhi lubangele ukuqhuma.

Emhlabeni wezokundiza, lokhu kuyathusa. Abakhiqizi bazosetshenziselwa ukuklama amathayi aqinile. Abadlali ababili abakhulu emakethe bazobhekana nenselelo: I-Michelin enobuchwepheshe be-NZG (Near Zero Growth), obukhawulela ukuncibilika kwesondo (okungukuthi ikhono layo lokonakala ngaphansi kwengcindezi, okwandisa ukumelana kwalo), ngokusebenzisa iziqinisekiso ze-aramid esidunjini sesondo, kanye I-Bridgestone ene-RRR (I-Revolutionary Reinforced Radial) efinyelela Kwaba ubuchwepheshe be-NZG obuvumela i-Concorde ukuthi ibuyele emoyeni ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi.

Umphumela wokuqabula opholile kabili: isondo eliqinile ligoba kancane, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli endizeni phakathi nezigaba zamatekisi.

Imodeli yebhizinisi ethize

Kwezamabhizinisi, awusazikhathazi kakhulu ngokuthenga amathayi. Ngoba uma uzithenga, kufanele uzigcine, uziqoqe, uzihlole, uzishintshe, uzisebenzise kabusha ... Kunzima. Cha, kwezamabhizinisi baqashiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, abakhiqizi bamathayi bangene ebuhlotsheni obuzuzisanayo: banakekele ukuphatha, ukuhlinzeka nokugcinwa kwamathayi endiza futhi, ngokulandelayo, bakhokhise izindiza izinga lokufika. Wonke umuntu unesithakazelo kulokhu: izinkampani azikhathazeki ngemininingwane futhi zingalindela izindleko, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, abakhiqizi bayazuza ngokwakha amathayi ahlala isikhathi eside.

Kodwa-ke, lihlala isikhathi esingakanani ithayi lendiza yezohwebo? Lokhu kuguquguquka ngokwedlulele: kuncike kakhulu emthwalweni wendiza, ubude bezigaba zamatekisi, izinga lokushisa elizungezile, kanye nesimo somzila wezindiza. Ake sithi, kuye ngale mingcele, kukhona ububanzi obusuka ku-150/200 kuya ku-500/600 amasayithi. Lokhu akusho lutho endizeni engenza indiza eyodwa noma ezimbili ngosuku. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusukela isidumbu efanayo, la amathayi kungaba buyisela izikhathi eziningana, ukugcina ukusebenza okufanayo isikhathi ngasinye njengesondo elisha, ngoba isidumbu sabo senzelwe lokho.

Icala elikhethekile labalwi

Isisindo esincane, isivinini esikhulu, kodwa futhi ivolumu encane (njengoba isikhala sinqunyelwe nakakhulu ku-fighter, amathayi ezindiza angama-intshi angu-15) futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, indawo evimbela kakhulu, njengoba, isibonelo, indiza kaCharles de Gaulle 260 amamitha, futhi indiza esondela ngesivinini 270 km / h! Ngakho-ke amandla wamandla ahlehlisayo anonya kakhulu, futhi indiza iyakwazi ukuma ngokulenga izintambo (ezibizwa ngokuthi "imicu" phakathi) ebanjwe iphampu enezingcindezi ezifika ku-800 bar.

Ijubane lokusuka ngu-390 km/h. Ithayi ngalinye kusafanele lithwale amathani angu-10,5 futhi umfutho walo ungamabha angama-27! Futhi naphezu kwalokhu kulinganiselwa kanye nokucaciswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, isondo ngalinye linesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-24 kuphela.

Ngakho, kulezi zindiza, ukuphila kwesondo kufushane kakhulu futhi kungase kukhawulwe ngisho nokulingana uma isondo lishaya umucu lapho lihlala. Kulokhu, indawo yayo ithathelwa izinyathelo zokuvikeleka.

isiphetho

Ngakho: isondo lendiza linomthamo ophelele wesondo leloli. Kodwa isondo leloli lihamba ngesivinini esingama-100 km / h, likhuphuka libe yizinsimbi ezingu-8, lithwala amathani angaba ngu-5 futhi linesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-60. Amathayi ezindiza ahamba ku-340 km / h, athwala amathani angama-20 kuye kwangama-30 futhi, njengoba eqiniswa yonke indawo, anesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-120 futhi aphefumulelwe abe ama-20 bar. Konke lokhu kuthatha ubuchwepheshe, akunjalo?

Sibheja ukuthi ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, ngeke usagibela indiza ngaphandle kokubheka amathayi ayo ngelinye iso?