Konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana namabhethri e-EV
Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi zamabhethri, amabhethri e-lithium-ion yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi. Iwubuchwepheshe obuhamba phambili ngempela emakethe, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokusebenza kanye nempilo yesevisi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwebhethri akuxhomekile ekuhlanganisweni kwemoto: ezinye izimoto zihlangene eFrance, kodwa amabhethri azo enziwa kude kakhulu, njengoba kwenzeka ngeRenault Zoé.
Kulesi sihloko, i-La Belle Batterie ikunikeza okhiye bokuqonda amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi enziwa kanjani futhi ngubani.
Abakhiqizi bebhethri
Abakhiqizi bezimoto abawenzi amabhethri ezimoto zabo ezisebenza ngogesi ngokwabo, basebenzisana nezinkampani ezinkulu ezisebenzisana nabo ezitholakala kakhulu e-Asia.
Kuye ngomkhiqizi, amamodeli ahlukene akhiqizwa:
- Ukubambisana nosozimboni okhethekile
Abakhiqizi abafana noRenault, BMW, PSA kanye neKia imbala baphendukela kubantu besithathu ukuze bakhiqize amaseli noma amamojula amabhethri abo. Nokho, laba bakhiqizi bezimoto bakhetha ukuhlanganisa amabhethri ngokwabo ezimbonini zabo: bangenisa amaseli kuphela.
Abakhiqizi abakhulu bozakwethu yibo I-LG Chem, i-Panasonic ne-Samsung SDI. Lezi izinkampani zase-Asia ezisanda kuvula izimboni e-Europe ukuze zivale igebe lendawo: i-LG Chem e-Poland kanye ne-Samsung SDI ne-SK Innovation e-Hungary. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuletha amasayithi okukhiqiza amaseli eduze nezingosi zokuhlanganisa nokukhiqiza amabhethri.
Njengesibonelo, iRenault Zoé, amaseli ayo ebhethri akhiqizwa ePoland embonini ye-LG Chem, kuyilapho ibhethri lakhiwe futhi lihlanganiswe eFrance embonini yakwaRenault eFlaine.
Lokhu kuyasebenza nakuVolkswagen ID.3 ne-e-Golf, amaseli awo ahlinzekwa yi-LG Chem kodwa amabhethri enziwa e-Germany.
- 100% ukukhiqizwa okwakho
Abanye abakhiqizi bakhetha ukwakha amabhethri abo ukusuka ku-A kuye ku-Z, ukusuka ekwenziweni kwamaseli ukuya ekuhlanganisweni kwebhethri. Kunjalo kwaNissan, kabani Amakheji amaqabunga akhiqizwa ngabakwaNissan AESC. (I-AESC: I-Automotive Energy Supply Corporation, ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe phakathi kwe-Nissan ne-NEC). Ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli namamojula, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamabhethri, kwenziwa esitshalweni saseBrithani eSunderland.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya, kodwa kumasayithi amaningi
Phakathi kwabakhiqizi abakhetha ukukhiqiza amabhethri abo endlini, abanye bakhetha inqubo yokuhlukanisa ezindaweni ezahlukene. I-Tesla, isibonelo, inemboni yayo yebhethri: i-Gigafactory, e-Nevada, e-USA. Amaseli namamojula ebhethri aklanywe uTesla kanye nePanasonic akhiqizwa kulesi sitshalo. Amabhethri e-Tesla Model 3 nawo akhiqizwa futhi ahlanganiswe, okuholela enqubweni eyodwa ehlelekile.
Izimoto zikagesi zeTesla zibe sezihlanganiswa embonini yaseFremont eCalifornia.
Akhiwa kanjani amabhethri?
Ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana. Esokuqala sithi ukukhishwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezidingekayo ekwenzeni izakhi: i-lithium, i-nickel, i-cobalt, i-aluminium noma i-manganese. Kamuva, abakhiqizi banesibopho ukukhiqiza amaseli ebhethri kanye nezingxenye zawo: i-anode, i-cathode ne-electrolyte.
Ngemva kwalesi sinyathelo ibhethri ingakhiqizwa bese ihlanganiswa. Isinyathelo sokugcina - yakha imoto kagesi ngebhethri eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Ngezansi uzothola i-infographic ekhishwe yi-Energy Stream enemininingwane yazo zonke izinyathelo ezihilelekile ekukhiqizweni kwebhethri lemoto kagesi, kanye nabakhiqizi abakhulu nabakhiqizi besinyathelo ngasinye.
Le infographic iphinde ibhekane nezindaba zenhlalo nezemvelo ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwamabhethri, futhi ikakhulukazi ngesigaba sokuqala, okuwukukhishwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe.
Ngempela, emjikelezweni wokuphila wemoto kagesi, yisigaba sokukhiqiza esinomthelela omkhulu emvelweni. Abanye benu bangase bazibuze: ingabe imoto kagesi ingcolisa kakhulu kunomlingani wayo oshisayo? Zizwe ukhululekile ukubheka esihlokweni sethu, uzothola izimpendulo.
Ukuqanjwa kabusha kwebhethri
Namuhla, abakhiqizi bezimoto baqaphela kakhulu izimoto zikagesi namabhethri abo, okubavumele ukuba bathuthukise ubuchwepheshe obuningi. Ngakho-ke, amabhethri asebenza kahle futhi angakhuphula kakhulu ukuzimela kwezimoto zikagesi.
Intuthuko enkulu yenziwe kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, futhi izinkampani ziyaqhubeka nokucwaninga ukuze zithuthukise lobu buchwepheshe bebhethri.
Uma sikhuluma ngokusungulwa kwebhethri, sihlala sicabanga ngoTesla, iphayona lezimoto zikagesi.
Inkampani ithuthuke impela nisizukulwane esisha samaseli esibizwa ngokuthi "4680", emikhulu futhi esebenza kahle kune-Tesla Model 3 / X. U-Elon Musk akafuni ukuma lapho, njengoba uTesla ehlela ukuthuthukisa amabhethri angcolisa imvelo, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa i-nickel ne-silicon esikhundleni se-cobalt ne-lithium.
Izinkampani ezahlukene emhlabeni wonke njengamanje zakha amabhethri amasha ezimoto zikagesi, ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe be-lithium-ion noma ukunikeza ezinye izinto ezishintshwayo ezingadingi izinsimbi ezisindayo. Abacwaningi bacabanga ikakhulukazi ngamabhethri aku i-lithium air, i-lithium sulphur noma i-graphene.
