I-hydrogen noma ugesi kuphela: iyiphi engcono emotweni yakho elandelayo elula yezohwebo i-Ford Ranger, i-Toyota HiLux noma i-Renault Trafic?

IFord F-150 Lightning izoba ngeyokuqala yezimoto zikagesi ezitholakalayo ukuze zithengwe, kodwa okwamanje, ingeyase-US kuphela.

Uma kukhulunywa ngezimoto umoya woshintsho uvunguza ngamandla usuku nosuku. Kungenzeka ukuthi abanye abantu sebevele bathenge imoto yokugcina kaphethiloli noma kadizili bengazi. Kithina sonke, kuyindaba yokuthi "nini", hhayi "uma" sifulathela izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi.

Noma kunjalo, eminye imibuzo isekhona. Izimoto zikagesi (EVs) zizidlule ngokuphelele izimoto zikagesi ze-hydrogen fuel cell (FCEVs), ezinezimoto zikagesi ezihamba zisuka ezintweni zezimoto ziye ezintweni ezifunwa ngobuqotho kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi abaningi basabheja kakhulu ukuthi ama-FCEV azoba yingxenye yekusasa lethu lezimoto, futhi iningi labo libona i-hydrogen njengomthombo wamandla ofanele wezimoto zentengiso zesikhathi esizayo.

Ngakho-ke, ingabe imoto yakho elandelayo enethani elilodwa noma iveni yomsebenzi izoba nebhethri elikhulu elilenga phansi, noma ingabe izodlala iseli likaphethiloli leminyaka yesikhala kanye nethangi le-hydrogen? Asikho isidingo sokumangala, ngoba kholwa noma ungakholwa, zombili lezi zinhlobo zezimoto ziseduze kakhulu neqiniso le-showroom kunalokho ongacabanga.

ibhethri kagesi

Njengamanje, umphakathi jikelele uyazi ngezimoto zikagesi zamabhethri, izinzuzo zazo kanye nokubi. Izimoto ezifana neTesla Model S, Model 3 neNissan Leaf zenza umsebenzi onzima lapha, kanti eminyakeni yakamuva zijoyinwe yizimoto ezifana neHyundai Ioniq, Mercedes EQC, Jaguar I-Pace ne-Audi E-Tron. Kodwa kuze kube manje, zimbalwa kakhulu izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi kuleli.

Eqinisweni, ngaphandle kwemoto yomgibeli esanda kwethulwa i-Fuso ekhishwa yiziro, i-Renault Kangoo ZE ukuphela kwehhashi likagesi elisuka kumkhiqizi ojwayelekile osadayiswa e-Australia kuze kube manje, futhi ukusetshenziswa kunqunyelwe ukusho okuncane.

Isizathu salokho isamba esingu-$50,290 ngaphambi kwezindleko zokuhamba kanye nekhilomitha elifushane lika-200 km. Uma kucatshangelwa isimo sayo njengeveni elincane, isilinganiso sentengo yokukhokha asifiki ezingeni, futhi ububanzi obuncane benkokhiso eyodwa buwumphumela omkhulu kokuthile okukhokhiswa njengeveni yokulethwa. Lokhu kungenza umqondo omkhulu emadolobheni aminyene futhi aminyene namadolobhana ase-Europe, kodwa hhayi kangako ezindaweni ezinkudlwana zasemadolobheni ase-Australia - ngaphandle uma ichezukela kude kakhulu nesizinda sasekhaya.

Kodwa ukukhanda indlela akuwona umsebenzi olula, futhi amaloli asebenza ngogesi wonke kufanele alandele amathrekhi amathayi e-Kangoo. E-US, iFord F-150 Lightning isizoshayisa ama-showrooms futhi ikwazi ukugijima ibanga okungenani elingu-540 km uma ishaja eyodwa, amandla okudonsa angu-4.5 amathani, amandla angu-420 kW, i-torque engu-1050 Nm kanye nekhono lokuba yinjini. iphakethe lebhethri lendawo kumathuluzi wamandla.

Futhi e-US, uhlobo lwe-Hummer maduze luzovuswa njenge-SUV esebenza ngogesi wonke. Ukuba wusizo kwayo kubathengisi kungase kukhawulwe indikimba yayo encane, kodwa amandla ayo angaphandle komgwaqo azohlaba umxhwele, futhi ibanga elilinganiselwa ku-620 km kufanele lidambise ukukhathazeka kwabashayeli abaningi. Ukusheshisa ku-0 km/h ngemizuzwana emithathu nakho kufanele kujabulise kakhulu.

Bese-ke, kukhona i-Tesla's Cybertruck, eyeba umbukiso ngonyaka odlule ngesitayela sayo esibucayi (ngokoqobo) kanye nesithembiso sokwakhiwa kwezinhlamvu kanye nokusebenza okumangalisayo. Nokho, ngokungafani neFord neHummer, asikayiboni inguqulo yokukhiqiza.

U-Rivian oqala phezulu waseMelika uveze ukuthi cishe izokwethulwa e-Australia, kanti i-R1T yenkampani esanda kubonwa isifike e-Australia ukuze ihlolwe endaweni. Njengoba inamandla angu-550 kW/1124 Nm nebanga elifinyelela ku-640 km, kufanele futhi ibe namandla okuwenza umsebenzi wenziwe.

I-GWM ekhiqiza izimoto zaseChina izophinde isithumelele i-EV elingana ne-Hilux, kodwa okuhlukile okwakhiwe endaweni kuyeza maduze okuyi-ACE EV X1 Transformer. Idalwe ngabaqalisi base-Australia i-ACE, i-X1 Transformer izoba yiveni enamasondo amade, enophahla oluphezulu enamandla angu-90kW, 255Nm, umthamo okhokhayo ongu-1110kg kanye nebanga langempela elingu-215 kuya ku-258km. Njengoba ijubane layo eliphezulu ligcina ku-90 km/h, kuyacaca ukuthi i-X1 Transformer yenzelwe ukuthi igijinywe evenini yokulethwa kuphela, futhi akukabi bikho usuku oluzodayiswa ngayo, kodwa uma intengo ilungile, ingase ikwazi ukuncintisana kwabanye. amabhizinisi. 

E-Europe, amaveni afana ne-Peugeot Partner Electric, Mercedes-Benz eSprinter kanye ne-Fiat E-Ducato angokoqobo ekukhiqizeni, okubonisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi webhethri buvuthwe ngokwanele ukuba busetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile. Nokho, kukhona ezinye negative.

Nakuba kulula ukuthola indawo yokushaja - vele uthole noma iyiphi indawo yamandla endala - izikhathi zokushaja eziningi zezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zingaba nesihluku ngaphandle uma kusetshenziswa ishaja esheshayo ezinikele. Cishe amahora angu-8 kuyinto evamile, kodwa uma ibhethri lilikhulu, kudingeka uhlale isikhathi eside uxhumekile kunethiwekhi, futhi uma onakho nje kuwukuphuma kwasendlini okujwayelekile okungu-230V, isikhathi sokushaja singathatha usuku lonke.

Ukukhathazeka okuhlukahlukene - ukwesaba ukuvaleleka endaweni ethile nebhethri elifile kanye nezikhathi zokushaja ezinde - into yokugcina edingwa umqhubi webhizinisi, futhi isikhathi esichithwa eshaja isikhathi lapho imoto yakho yomsebenzi ingakusizi ukuba uziphilise . Amabhethri e-EV nawo asindayo, amunca umthamo wokulayisha futhi - esimweni sohlaka lomzimba - engeza isisindo esigabeni semoto esivele sisinda kakhulu.

Manje iyiphi enye indlela?

I-hydrogen fuel cell

Ngaphezu kokuncika kancane ezintweni eziningi ezibizayo njengebhethri lamakhemikhali, i-hydrogen fuel cell nayo inezinzuzo ezimbili ezibalulekile: isisindo esiphansi kanye nokugcwalisa ngokushesha kakhulu amafutha.

Ukuqeda inhlawulo yesisindo sephakethe lebhethri elikhulu akwenzi nje ukuthi imoto ishayeleke kakhulu, futhi kuvumela imoto ukuthi ibeke ngaphezulu kwesisindo sayo esiphelele ekuthwaleni umthwalo okhokhelwayo. Ukunqoba uma kuziwa ezimotweni zezentengiselwano, akunjalo?

Impela abakwaHyundai bacabanga kanjalo. Inkampani yaseNingizimu Korea isanda kumemezela uhlelo lwayo lokusebenzisa i-FCEVS, iqondise ikakhulukazi umkhakha wezohwebo, ikakhulukazi amaloli namabhasi amakhulu naphakathi nendawo, kanye nezimoto namaveni ambalwa. 

I-Hyundai isivele inamaloli asebenza nge-hydrogen avivinywa ezimweni zomhlaba wangempela eYurophu, lapho ingqalasizinda ye-hydrogen isivele ikhona, futhi kuze kube manje imiphumela iyakhuthaza.

Kodwa-ke lobu buchwepheshe busakhula uma uqhathanisa nezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi, kanti nabakwaHyundai bayavuma ukuthi amaFCEV asekude kakhulu nesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, inkampani ilindele ukuthi ekupheleni kwale minyaka eyishumi izokwazi ukunikeza imoto yomgibeli ye-hydrogen fuel cell ngentengo efanayo nemoto kagesi ehlanzekile efanayo, lapho ama-FCEV azokwazi ukusebenza ngempela.

Futhi lezo yizindaba ezinhle kulabo abakhathazekile mayelana nezikhathi zokushajwa kabusha kwe-EV, njengoba amathangi e-FCEV angagcwala ngesikhathi esifanayo nezimoto zanamuhla zikaphethiloli nezadizili. Inkinga okuwukuphela kwayo okusamele ixazululwe ingqalasizinda: e-Australia, iziteshi ze-hydrogen cishe azikho ngaphandle kwezindawo ezimbalwa zokuhlola.

Kodwa-ke, iYurophu isivele inenani lezimoto zezentengiselwano ezisebenza nge-hydrogen eziya endaweni yokubonisa. I-Renault Master ZE Hydrogen, i-Peugeot e-Expert Hydrogen ne-Citroen Dispatch asekulungele ukukhiqiza futhi anikeza ukusebenza okufanayo namandla okulayisha kozakwabo bawo wonke amandla kagesi kanye nenjini evuthayo.

Kodwa-ke, mayelana ne-double cab FCEV, awukho umsebenzi omningi. I-H2X Global yaseQueensland ihlela ukwethula iWarrego Ute ekupheleni konyaka, lapho imoto yakwaFord Ranger izobe ifakelwe uphethiloli ongu-66kW noma 90kW ukuze inike amandla ibhethri elingaphakathi kanye nenjini yokushayela engu-200kW/350Nm. 

Ukusebenza kulinganiselwe: ijubane eliphezulu lingu-110 km/h kuphela enguqulweni engu-66 kW (150 km/h kunguqulo engu-90 kW) kanye nomthwalo omkhulu okhokhelwayo ongu-2500 kg. Umthwalo wayo oyi-1000 kg okungenani ulingana nezinye izimoto ezingama-double cab.

Nokho, i-H2X Global ithi iWarrego izokwazi ukuhamba okungenani u-500km ethangini elilodwa le-hydrogen, kanti i-fuel cell engu-90kW izophusha leso sibalo siye ku-750km. Ukuphelelwa uphethiloli? Isikhathi sokufaka uphethiloli kufanele sibe yimizuzu emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, hhayi amahora ayisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu.

Yize izobiza ngendlela exakile. Imodeli engu-66kW Warrego kulindeleke ukuthi ibize u-$189,000, kanti amamodeli angu-90kW kulindeleke ukuthi abize phakathi kuka-$235,000 no-$250,000. Izithandani ezinenethiwekhi yegalaji likaphethiloli elilinganiselwe nokusebenza kwe-Warrego akubukeki kukuhle kangako.

Kuke kwaba namahlebezi okuthi iToyota HiLux FCEV ingase isebenzise i-hydrogen ebalulekile yakwaToyota ngemoto yomgibeli iMirai, nokho okwamanje akukho okuqinisekisiwe. I-HiLux kusamele ithathe igxathu elibheke ekuhlanganiseni, okulindeleke ukuthi kwenzeke ngo-2025, okungenzeka nge-diesel-electric powertrain.

Nokho, lapho amanani ehla futhi iziteshi ze-hydrogen zanda, yini ozoyikhetha? Ingabe isikhathi esisheshayo ku-hydrogen siyinto elingana nendlela yakho yokuphila kangcono, noma ingabe imoto kagesi noma iveni eliheha kakhulu ebhizinisini lakho? Noma… ingabe akukho okungathatha indawo yama-hydrocarbon awuketshezi kuhhashi lakho lomsebenzi?