I-Hungarian ZSU 40M “Nimrod” (Hungarian 40M Nimród) Bengakalindeli ukufika kwethangi elithengiwe le-Landsverk L-60B, abaphathi bemboni ye-MAVAG, eyathola ilayisense lokukhiqiza ithangi, yayala ngo-March 1937 kwa-Landsverk AV i-prototype ye-anti-tank self-propelled unit (ithangi umbhubhisi). Isisekelo se-L60B efanayo bekufanele sisetshenziswe. Izikhali zezibhamu ezizishayelayo kufanele zibe nenganono engu-40-mm. AbaseSweden bawufeza lo myalo: ngo-December 1938, kwafika izibhamu ezizishayelayo ngaphandle kwezikhali eHungary. NgoMashi 30, abameleli beGeneral Staff bajwayelana nayo. E-MAVAG, yayifakwe isibhamu esilwa nezindiza ezingama-40-mm Bofors, ukukhiqizwa kwayo okunelayisensi okwenziwa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi 36.M. Ukuhlolwa kwezempi kwezibhamu ezizishayelayo kwenzeka ngo-August-September 1939. Ikomidi lokukhetha liphakamise ukuthi kunyuswe umthamo wekhabethe elihlomile ukuze kuhlaliswe ilungu lesihlanu labasebenzi, kufakwe i-telescopic ebonakalayo yokudubula amathangi kanye nenani lezinye izinguquko. Ngo-March 10, 1940, i-IWT yatusa i-ACS, ebizwa nge-40.M. Igama elithi “Nimrod” liqanjwe ngokhokho oyinganekwane wabo bobabili amaMagyars namaHuns - umzingeli omkhulu. NgoZibandlela iNimrod yaqalwa ukusebenza futhi amafemu anikezwa i-oda lezimoto ezingama-46. UNimrode ezinganekwaneni UNimrode (uNimrode, uNimrod) - kuyiPentateuch, amasiko ama-Aggadic kanye nezinganekwane zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi, iqhawe, umzingeli weqhawe kanye nenkosi. Ngokohlu lozalo olunikezwe encwadini kaGenesise, uyindodana kaKushe nomzukulu kaHamu. Kubhekiselwa kuye “njengomzingeli onamandla phambi kukaJehova”; umbuso wakhe ubekwe eMesophothamiya. Ezinganekwaneni ezihlukahlukene, kugcizelelwa umfanekiso kaNimrode umashiqela kanye nesazi senkolo; kuthiwa nguye owakha uMbhoshongo waseBabele, unya olukhulu, ukukhonza izithombe, ukushushiswa kuka-Abrahama, ukuncintisana noNkulunkulu. NgokweBhayibheli, uNimrode no-Abrahama bahlukaniswa izizukulwane eziyisikhombisa. Futhi, ukwaziswa ngeNkosi uNimrode kuqukethwe kuyiKoran. UNemrut, ezinganekwaneni zase-Armenia, inkosi yakwamanye amazwe eyahlasela i-Armenia. Kunenganekwane ethi ukuze aziphakamise, uNemrud wamisa isigodlo esihle ngokumangalisayo esiqongweni sentaba. UNimrode ezinganekwaneni Anti-aircraft isibhamu self-propelled "uNimrod" Chofoza isithombe ukuze uthole ukubuka okukhudlwana Kodwa abaseSweden ngokwabo banquma ukwakha eziningana zalezi zibhamu ezizishayelayo (igama lomkhiqizo L62, kanye ne "Landsverk Anti"; ibutho - LVKV 40). Injini kanye nokudluliswa kwe-L62 kwakufana nalezo zethangi le-Toldi, isibhamu sasiyi-cannon ye-Bofors engu-40 mm enobude obungama-calibers angu-60. Isisindo sokulwa - amathani ayi-8, injini - 150 HP, isivinini - 35 km / h. Ama-L62 ayisithupha athengiswa eFinland ngo-1940, lapho athola khona igama elithi ITPSV 40. Ngezidingo zabo, abaseSweden bakhiqiza ama-ZSU angu-1945 ngo-17 ngamapheya angu-40-mm LVKV fm / 43 cannon. Ukukhiqizwa kokuqala uNimrod washiya isitshalo ngoNovemba 1941, futhi ngoFebhuwari 1942, izimoto eziyisikhombisa zaya phambili. Lonke i-oda laqedwa ekupheleni kuka-1942. Ku-oda elilandelayo lezimoto ezingama-89, ezingama-1943 zakhiqizwa ngo-77, kwathi ezisele eziyi-12 kwelandelayo. Ku "Nimrod" isisekelo sethangi "Toldi" sasetshenziswa, kodwa inwetshwe ngerola eyodwa (yesithupha).. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isondo elingemuva eliqondisayo laphakanyiswa phansi. Ama-roller amisiwe angawodwana, ibha ye-torsion. Isikebhe, esishiselwe kusuka kumapuleti ezikhali angu-6-13 mm ubukhulu, sasinezingxenye zokulwa kanye nenjini (ngemuva). Isisindo esiphelele sezikhali singama-2615 kg. Emishinini yochungechunge lokuqala Kwafakwa izinjini zaseJalimane, kanti kowesibili - usuvele unelayisensi Izinjini ezenziwe eHungary. Lezi kwakuyizinjini ze-carburetor ezinama-cylinder ayisishiyagalombili ezipholile. Ukudluliselwa kuyafana naku "Toldi", i.e. i-gearbox yeplanethi enamagiya amahlanu, i-clutch eyinhloko ye-multi-plate eyomile, izintambo eziseceleni. Amabhuleki Mechanical - manual kanye nonyawo. Uphethiloli wawugcinwe emathangeni amathathu. Isakhiwo izibhamu self-propelled "uNimrod" Ukuze ukhulise - chofoza esithombeni 1 - 40-mm isibhamu esizenzakalelayo 36M; 2 - umshini wesibhamu; 3 - isiqeshana 40-mm isibhamu; 4 - isiteshi somsakazo; 5 - umbhoshongo; 6 - irediyetha; 7 - injini; 8 - ipayipi yokukhipha; 9 - ama-mufflers; 10 - i-cardan shaft; 11 – isihlalo somshayeli; 12 - gearbox; 13 - ukukhanya kwekhanda; 14 - isondo lokuqondisa Umshayeli wayephambi kwesikebhe kwesokunxele futhi enezikhala kusikepisi esinezinhlangothi ezinhlanu ezinama-prism abheke phambili nasezinhlangothini. Amalungu amahlanu asele ezisebenzi - umkhuzi, isifaki samehlo, oshayasibhamu ababili kanye nesilayishi, babekwe endaweni yamasondo enezikhala ezintathu zokubuka ezinamabhulokhi engilazi. Isibhamu se-anti-aircraft esingu-40 mm "Bofors", esikhiqizwe ngaphansi kwelayisense ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo 36.M yisitshalo se-MAVAG eGyosgyor, sine-engeli yokuphakama engu-85 °, ukwehla - 4 °, enezingqimba - 360 °. Izinhlamvu, ezibekwe ngokuphelele ku-wheelhouse, zazihlanganisa ukuhlukana kwezikhali eziqhuma kakhulu, kanye nokukhanyisa, amagobolondo. Iziqeshana - 4 imizuliswano ngayinye. Izimoto zabaphathi bebhethri kuphela ezazinomsakazo, nakuba zonke izimoto zinendawo yawo. Lapho kudubula, ama-ZSU amabili atholakala ebangeni elingamamitha angama-60, futhi phakathi kwawo kwakukhona iposi elilawulayo eline-rangefinder (enesisekelo esingu-1,25 m) kanye nedivayisi yekhompyutha. I-prototype yenkampani yenethiwekhi yabasebenzi be-Lehel Ngesisekelo "Nimrod" ngo-1943, isibonelo somuntu ophethe izikhali ngaphansi komkhiqizo "Lehel" wadalwa ekhophi eyodwa yokuthutha izinsana eziyi-10 (ngaphezu komshayeli). Ngawo lowo nyaka, imishini emibili ye-sapper yakhiwe ngensimbi engahlosiwe. Kwahlelwa futhi ukuguqula ama-"Nimrods" angu-10 abe yizithuthi zokuthutha abalimele. Izici zokusebenza kwezimoto ezihlomile zaseHungary Izici zokusebenza zamanye amathangi nezibhamu ezizishayelayo e-Hungary I-Toldi-1   "Thuli" I Unyaka wokwakha 1940 Isisindo sokulwa, t 8,5 Abasebenzi, abantu 3 Ubude bomzimba, mm 4750 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2140 Ukuphakama, mm 1870 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 13 Ibhodi le-Corps 13 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo) 13 + 20 Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 6 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 36.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 20/82 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu   Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 1-8,0 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo i-carb. "I-Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Amandla enjini, hp 155 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 50 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 253 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 220 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,62 I-Toldi-2   "Thuli" II Unyaka wokwakha 1941 Isisindo sokulwa, t 9,3 Abasebenzi, abantu 3 Ubude bomzimba, mm 4750 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2140 Ukuphakama, mm 1870 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 23-33 Ibhodi le-Corps 13 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo) 13 + 20 Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 6-10 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 42.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 40/45 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu 54 Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 1-8,0 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo i-carb. "I-Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Amandla enjini, hp 155 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 47 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 253 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 220 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,68 I-Turan-1   "Turan" ngi Unyaka wokwakha 1942 Isisindo sokulwa, t 18,2 Abasebenzi, abantu 5 Ubude bomzimba, mm 5500 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2440 Ukuphakama, mm 2390 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 50 (60) Ibhodi le-Corps 25 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo) 50 (60) Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 8-25 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 41.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 40/51 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu 101 Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 2-8,0 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo I-Z-TURAN карб. Z-TURAN Amandla enjini, hp 260 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 47 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 265 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 165 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,61 I-Turan-2   "Turan" II Unyaka wokwakha 1943 Isisindo sokulwa, t 19,2 Abasebenzi, abantu 5 Ubude bomzimba, mm 5500 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2440 Ukuphakama, mm 2430 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 50 Ibhodi le-Corps 25 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo)   Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 8-25 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 41.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 75/25 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu 56 Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 2-8,0 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges 1800 Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo I-Z-TURAN карб. Z-TURAN Amandla enjini, hp 260 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 43 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 265 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 150 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,69 Zrinyi-2   Zrinyi II Unyaka wokwakha 1943 Isisindo sokulwa, t 21,5 Abasebenzi, abantu 4 Ubude bomzimba, mm 5500 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm 5900 Ububanzi mm 2890 Ukuphakama, mm 1900 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 75 Ibhodi le-Corps 25 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo) 13 Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull   Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 40 / 43.М I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 105/20,5 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu 52 Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini - Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo i-carb. Z- TURAN Amandla enjini, hp 260 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 40 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 445 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 220 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,75 uNimrode   "UNimrode" Unyaka wokwakha 1940 Isisindo sokulwa, t 10,5 Abasebenzi, abantu 6 Ubude bomzimba, mm 5320 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm   Ububanzi mm 2300 Ukuphakama, mm 2300 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 13 Ibhodi le-Corps 10 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo) 13 Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull 6-7 Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 36. M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 40/60 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu 148 Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini - Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo i-carb. I-L8V / 36 Amandla enjini, hp 155 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 60 Amandla kaphethiloli, l 253 Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 250 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2   Itshe   "Itshe" Unyaka wokwakha   Isisindo sokulwa, t 38 Abasebenzi, abantu 5 Ubude bomzimba, mm 6900 Ubude obunesibhamu phambili, mm 9200 Ububanzi mm 3500 Ukuphakama, mm 3000 Ukubhuka, mm   Lob corpus 100-120 Ibhodi le-Corps 50 Tower forehead (indlu yamasondo) 30 Uphahla kanye naphansi kwe-hull   Impi   Uhlobo lwesibhamu 43.M I-Caliber in mm / ubude bemigqomo ngamakhalibha 75/70 Izinhlamvu, izibhamu   Inombolo kanye nenani (ngama-mm) lezibhamu ezingomshini 2-8 Isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza - Izinhlamvu zezibhamu zemishini, ama-cartridges   Injini, uhlobo, uhlobo i-carb. Z- TURAN Amandla enjini, hp 2 × 260 Isivinini esikhulu km/h 45 Amandla kaphethiloli, l   Ibanga emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, km 200 Isilinganiso sokucindezela komhlaba, kg / cm2 0,78 Izici zokusebenza kwezimoto ezihlomile zaseHungary Ukulwa nokusetshenziswa ZSU "Nimrod" "UNimrode" waqala ukungena embuthweni kusukela ngo-February 1942. Njengoba lezi zibhamu ezizimele zazibhekwa njenge-anti-tank, zakha isisekelo sebutho lama-51 lombhubhisi we-1st Panzer Division, eyayiyingxenye ye-2nd Army Hungarian, eyaqala ukulwa neSoviet front ehlobo lika-1942. Ku-Nimrods 19 (izinkampani ezi-3 zezibhamu ezingu-6 ezizimele kanye nemoto yomphathi webutho), ngemva kokunqotshwa kwebutho laseHungary ngoJanuwari 1943, izimoto ezi-3 kuphela zabuyela ezweni lakubo. Endimeni yezikhali zokulwa nethangi, "uNimrods" wabhekana ne "fiasco" ephelele.: abakwazanga nhlobo ukulwa namathangi aseSoviet eMpi Yezwe Yesibili T-34 kanye ne-KB. Ekugcineni, "uNimrods" wathola ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwangempela - njengesikhali sokuvikela umoya futhi yaba yingxenye yoku-1 (ebuyiselwe ngo-1943) kanye neyesibili ye-TD kanye ne-2st KD (ngokuvumelana namagama anamuhla - amahhashi ahlomile). I-TD yokuqala yathola i-1, kwathi eyesibili yathola ama-ZSU angama-1 ngo-Ephreli 7, lapho kwenzeka izimpi neRed Army eGalicia. Kulezi zimoto ezingu-2 zokugcina beziyingxenye yabasebenzi bebutho le-1944nd tankerer battalion, futhi izinkampani ezi-37 zezimoto ezi-17 ngayinye yakha ukuzivikela emoyeni kwesigaba. Ehlobo, kwanezelwa inkampani yesithupha. Ukwakhiwa kwenkampani: abantu abangama-52, i-5 ZSU, izimoto ezi-4. Ngemuva kwezimpi ezingaphumelelanga, i-TD yesi-40 yahoxiswa ngaphambili, yagcina amaNimrods angama-4. NgoJuni 1944, bonke aba-4 Nimrod be-1st KD babulawa empini. Ngo-September, ukulwa kakade kwase kusendaweni yaseHungary. Zontathu lezi zigaba zibe nama-Nimrods angu-80 (39 ngasinye kuzo zombili ama-TD kanye nezi-4 ku-CD). Ezinhlwini zabo, "uNimrod" walwa cishe kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempi. Ngo-December 3, 1944, iqembu lamathangi likaLieutenant Colonel Horvat, elalinamaNimrod angu-4, lasebenza eningizimu yeBudapest endaweni yasePerbal-Vali. NgoDisemba 7, i-TD yesi-2 yayinenye i-ZSU engu-26, kwathi ngoMashi 18-19, 1945, amaNimrods ayi-10 kaLieutenant Colonel Maslau asebenza ezimpini endaweni yaseLake Balaton ngesikhathi sokulwa ne-IV German Panzer. Ibutho. Ngomhla zingama-22 kuNdasa, endaweni yase-Bakonyoslor, iqembu lezempi laseNemeth lalahlekelwa yizo zonke izibhamu ezizishayelayo. AmaNimrod amaningana aziwa ukuthi alwa eBudapest evinjezelwe. "Nimrods" kwaba omunye yimpumelelo futhi ngempumelelo ZSU kweMpi Yezwe II. Isebenza ngaphandle kohlu lwezibhamu ezilwa nethangi lesitha, ihlinzeke ngokuvikela emoyeni ethangini namayunithi anezimoto ohambweni nasempini. Njengamanje, amakhophi amabili ale ZSU agciniwe: eyodwa kumnyuziyamu womlando wezempi eBudapest, enye imnyuziyamu yezimoto ezihlomile eKubinka. Imithombo: M. B. Baryatinsky. Amathangi aseHonvedsheg. (Iqoqo Lezikhali No. 3 (60) - 2005); I.P. Shmelev. Izimoto zezikhali zaseHungary (1940-1945); G.L. Kholyavsky "I-Encyclopedia Ephelele Yamathangi Omhlaba 1915-2000"; UPeter Mujzer: Ibutho laseRoyal Hungarian, 1920-1945.