Uyithandile i-Queen's Gambit? Funda chess kusukela ekuqaleni!

Nakuba i-chess inemithetho elula, akuwona umdlalo olula. Nokho, noma ubani onezinto ezintathu angaba umdlali we-chess: isineke esincane, isikhathi esincane, kanye nebhodi le-chess elinesethi egcwele yezingcezu. Bobabili uMagnus Carlsen (umpetha womhlaba obusayo wechess) kanye noGarry Kasparov odumile (ingqwele yomhlaba 1985-1993) bafunda ukudlala i-chess kusukela ekuqaleni futhi badlula ezigabeni ezifanayo zokufunda njengabo bonke abadlali be-chess abaqalayo. Ngisho no-Beth Harmon, umlingiswa oyinhloko wochungechunge lwe-King's Gambit, akakwazi ukuhluka kulo mthetho.

Awudingi ukufunda amathani ezincwadi ukuze uqonde izimiso nomlando walokhu. umdlalo webhodi le-logic. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi umsuka wayo ubuyela eNdiya ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX AD. Izingcezu ezindala kunazo zonke ezisekhona zezibalo zenziwe ngezinyo lendlovu, kancane kancane zashintshwa ezinye izinto (izicucu zokhuni noma zensimbi ze-chess zavela). Akukhona nje izinto zokwakha ze-chessboard nezingcezu ezathuthukiswa, kodwa futhi nemithetho yomdlalo ngokwazo - yaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kancane kancane, ukuthandwa kwe-chess kwasakazekela eYurophu - ikakhulukazi kwakuvamile phakathi kwabefundisi, okwathi ngemva kokusebenza kanzima nemithandazo, bachitha isikhathi sabo samahhala befunda imithetho yabo eqhubekayo. Emakhulwini eminyaka, i-chess iye yazuza izinhliziyo zababusi, amakhosi, izikhulu zaleli zwe nabantu basemadolobheni, yase iba ukuzijabulisa okusezingeni lomhlaba. Ukwenzeka kwale geyimu kuchazwa enanini elikhulu lezincwadi ezitholakalayo, ezichaza umlando wawo kanye namasu athile okudlala igeyimu.

Izici zobuchwepheshe, okungukuthi ukuhlelwa kwe-chessboard nezingcezu

Manje njengoba isingeniso esifushane sendaba sesiphelile, sekuyisikhathi sokudlulela ezicini zobuchwepheshe. Ake siqale nge-chessboard. Ukuze ubeke izingcezu kuyo, yibeke phakathi kwabadlali ababili ukuze imigqa yangaphambili yomdlali ngamunye igcine isikwele esimnyama kwesokunxele. Usizo olwengeziwe lunganikezwa ngezinhlamvu nezinombolo zemigqa ngayinye, evame ukubekwa ebhodini. Ngemuva kokumiswa kwayo okulungile, ungaqhubekela esigabeni esilandelayo: ukubeka izibalo ezinkambini ezifanele.

I-Art of Symmetry: Izikhundla Zokuqala ku-Chess

Ukukhumbula indawo eyisisekelo yezikhuphukeli ngazinye kulula kunalokho ongase ucabange. Ukuze uhlele kahle izingcezu, udinga ukwazi zonke izinhlobo zazo, okungukuthi: ama-pawn, ama-rooks, ama-knights, ababhishobhi, indlovukazi nenkosi. Abokuqala basemgqeni wokuqala womlilo - umdlali ngamunye kufanele abeke izingcezu eziyisishiyagalombili emgqeni wesibili ngokombono wabo (okungukuthi, owesibili nowesikhombisa ngokwezinombolo ezisebhodini). Khona-ke ungaqhubeka nokuhlelwa kwezibalo ezisele, ugcwalise imigqa eseduze kakhulu nabadlali.

Udinga futhi ukulandela imithetho yokulinganisa: izinkambu ezimbili ezidlulele zomugqa wokuqala zihlala imibhoshongo (kulula ukuyibona ngenxa yesitayela "ephakathi"), kanye nezinye izinkambu ezimbili ezidlulele (isondela maphakathi neyokuqala). irowu) ahlala amapheya abonisa amahhashi. Khona-ke, sisaya enkabeni yomugqa, sibeka ababhishobhi ababili - izingcezu zokugcina ezifanayo. Sisele nenkosi nendlovukazi, eyokuqala okuyiyona endala kunazo zonke futhi ngokuvamile inesiphambano esiqoshiwe emqheleni wayo. Kulokhu, umthetho oqinile uyasebenza: umdlali kufanele abeke indlovukazi yakhe enkundleni eguqukayo (omnyama usensimini emnyama, futhi umhlophe ukhanya). Isikhala esisele siyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yebhodi: inkosi. Futhi uselungile! Isigaba sokuqala sokulungiselela umdlalo we-chess sesiphelile.

Idlalwa kanjani i-chess? Izibalo ngazinye zihamba ngamuphi umgomo?

Kwanele ukubeka izingcezu enkundleni yokudlala izikhathi eziningana ukuze ukhumbule izikhundla zokuqala. Ulwazi oluthe xaxa kufanele lufakwe lapho ufunda ngokunyakaza nezindlela zokuhlasela kwesiqephu ngasinye. Noma ubani ofuna ukufunda ukudlala i-chess futhi abe nesineke esincane angakwazi kalula.

Amapawn. Okuyimfihlo nge-twist

Njengoba sesishilo, ama-pawn ajwayele ukuba umlilo wokuqala futhi emidlalweni eminingi aqala ngawo wonke umdlalo. Ziya phambili isikwele esisodwa futhi, ngokungafani nazo zonke ezinye izingcezu, azikwazi ukuya emuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banethuba lokunyakaza okukhethekile: isenzo sokuqala se-pawn enikeziwe phakathi nomdlalo singabandakanya ukuhambisa izikwele ezimbili phambili. Bawisa abamelene nabo abame eduze nendawo yabo edayagonali - futhi, njengokunyakaza, kumayelana nokuncika phambili. Okunye ukunyakaza kulandela imithetho evamile, isikwele esisodwa ngaphambili. Into yokugcina okumele uyikhumbule ngalesi sihloko: ama-pawn yiwona kuphela izingcezu ezihlaselayo, ngaphandle kokuthi zinyakaze.

Imibhoshongo. ezikude futhi eziyingozi

Lezi zibalo zihamba ngokuvundlile futhi ziqonde kuphela. Babeka ingozi enkulu kumdlali ophikisana naye uma kungekho i-pawn efayeleni emi kulo. Kulokhu, insimu yabo yokubhubhisa inweba kude kakhulu, futhi bangangena endaweni yesitha.

Abagxumayo. Kuhle ekuhlaselweni okungalindelekile

Njengoba igama labo lisikisela, ziyashesha futhi azibikezeli. Zihamba ngendlela engu-L, okungukuthi, izikhala ezimbili phambili bese kuba isikhala esisodwa kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla. Le phethini yokunyakaza ingasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinkomba ngokuqondile nangokuvundlile. Indawo yokugcina yomnyakazo yilapho behlasela khona. Iwukuphela kwesiqephu esingagxumela phezu kwezinye izingcezu.

ababhishobhi. Isisekelo sokucasula

Banyakaza futhi bahlasele kuphela nge-diagonally. Ngenxa yalokhu, zihamba kakhulu futhi zinamandla okushintsha ngokushesha ingxenye yebhodi lapho zitholakala khona.

i-hetman. Isikhali esinamandla kakhulu ku-arsenal ye-chess

Indlovukazi enenani eliphakeme lokuhlasela iyinhlanganisela yomnyakazo wombhishobhi kanye nokuhlasela kwe-rook. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iyanyakaza futhi ishaye ezinye izingcezu zivundlile, zibheke phezulu kanye ne-diagonally (phambili nangemuva). I-Hetman iyisici salokho okubizwa. i-queen's gambit, ukuvulwa kwe-chess okususelwa kulo igama lochungechunge oluthi "Queen's Gambit" (igama elithi "indlovukazi" lisetshenziswa njengegama elifanayo legama elithi "indlovukazi").

Inkosi. Ehamba kancane futhi eyigugu kakhulu

Isiqephu esibaluleke kakhulu ku-chess sihamba njengendlovukazi (kuzo zonke izinhlangothi), kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi isikwele esisodwa kuphela. Ingabhekwa, okungukuthi, ifakwe ebangeni lesitha lesitha. Khona-ke umsebenzi wethu ukuqeda usongo (ukubamba ucezu lwesitha noma ukumboza inkosi) noma ukuphunyuka kwenkosi. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi akakwazi ukuya endaweni yokudubula yezinye izingcezu zesitha. Uma umuntu ohlolayo evaleleke engaphumi, umlingani wokuhlola uyalandela futhi umdlalo usuphelile.

Ukunyakaza okukhethekile

Okokugcina, kufanelekile ukusho izimo ezimbili ze-chess ezaziwayo kanye neyodwa eyaziwa kancane. Eyokuqala i-castling: uma singakanyakazi i-rook nenkosi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo azikho ezinye izingcezu phakathi kwabo futhi inkosi ngokwayo ayilawulwa, singahambisa inkosi amaseli amabili ngakwesobunxele noma kwesokudla. , bese ngakolunye uhlangothi lwawo sibeka umbhoshongo oseduze. Leli isu elidumile lokukhulisa ukuphepha kwalesi sibalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukukhumbula esinye sezimo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu - ukukhuthazwa kwe-pawn. Uma omunye wabo efinyelela umugqa okude kakhulu nombono wethu (umugqa wokuqala wesitha), singawushintsha nganoma yisiphi esinye isiqeshana se-chess, ngaphandle kwenkosi. Bese sithola ithuba lokuba, isibonelo, izindlovukazi ezimbili, okwandisa kakhulu amathuba ethu okuwina.

Umthetho ongaziwa kancane yikhono lokuthwebula uma undiza. Lokhu kusebenza kuma-pawn, kodwa kuphela kulezo esezivele zihambise isamba sezikwele ezintathu endaweni yazo yasekuqaleni. Uma ophikisana nesandla sakhe emugqeni oseduze eya phambili izikwele ezimbili, futhi ngaleyo ndlela eqa isikhala "esilawulwa" yi-pawn yethu, khona-ke singambamba nge-diagonally, njengoba sivame ukwenza, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umi esikweleni esisodwa ngokuqhubekayo. . Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu kuthwebula kungenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokuthi ophikisana naye ehambise i-pawn yakhe. Ejikeni elilandelayo, lokhu akusakwenzeki.

Yonke le mithetho ichazwa kalula nangemininingwane eminingi izincwadi neziqondiso ekunikezeni kwethu. Ngenxa yabo, ungakwazi ukusheshisa kakhulu isigaba sokuqala sokuqeqeshwa, futhi ufunde hhayi kuphela imithetho eyisisekelo, kodwa futhi nokuvula kanye namasu ajwayelekile okwenza ukunyakaza.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zokufunda ukudlala i-chess?

Kukholelwa kabanzi ukuthi ukudlala i-chess kuthuthukisa amakhono okuhlaziya, kunomphumela omuhle ekuhlakanipheni kwezingane kanye nabantu abadala, futhi kusiza ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokuphumelelayo. Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lo mdlalo ungaba nomthelela omuhle ekhonweni, phakathi kwezinye izinto, lokucabanga okuphusile kanye namasu, nakuba singakazi kahle ukuthi kanjani. Into eyodwa eqinisekile: lapho udlala i-chess, kufanele kuqala uvikele inkosi yakho, uthuthukise amasu akho futhi ungesabi ukwehluleka. Kuyafaneleka ukunakekela izindaba zobuchwepheshe nokuba ne-chessboard eyenziwe ngokuqinile enezicucu ezizohlala iminyaka eminingi - ekunikezeni kwethu wonke umuntu uzothola isethi efanelekile ngezidingo zabo, yokudlala nabangani noma umndeni.

Ukuze imidlalo ye-chess ilethe injabulo enkulu ngangokunokwenzeka, kufanelekile ukufunda izincwadi mayelana nalo mdlalo, kuhlanganise nezinguqulo zezingane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amasu okudlala aphakanyisiwe nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuleka kwe-chess (okungukuthi, ukulandelana okumele kokuvula iminyakazo). Nakuba zingekho izincwadi ezizosifundisa ukuthi singawina kanjani ku-chess ngaso sonke isikhathi, sizothola amathiphu amaningi athakazelisayo kuzo.

Futhi ubani owaziyo, mhlawumbe i-chess izoba yinto yokuzilibazisa kuqala, bese kuba inkanuko, bese kuba umsebenzi, njengoba kwakunjalo ngeBeth Harmon? Okudingayo ukuzimisela okuncane nokucabanga kokudala, inhlansi ekhona kuwo wonke umuntu. Hlola ukuthi ungumdlali we-chess ohlakaniphile yini!

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