Yini ubunzima?
Kumagazini wangomhla ka-11/2019 womsindo, i-ATC SCM7 ifakwe ekuhlolweni kwezikhulumi ezinhlanu zamashalofu ezincwadi. Ibhrendi ehlonipheke kakhulu eyaziwa abathandi bomculo, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu kochwepheshe, njengoba izitudiyo zokuqopha eziningi zifakwe izipikha zayo. Kuyafaneleka ukubhekisisa - kodwa kulokhu ngeke sibhekane nomlando nesiphakamiso sayo, kodwa sisebenzisa i-SCM7 njengesibonelo, sizoxoxa ngenkinga evamile ama-audiophiles abhekana nayo.
Enye yemingcele ebalulekile yezinhlelo ze-acoustic yi ukusebenza kahle. Kuyisilinganiso sokusebenza kahle kwamandla - izinga lapho isipikha (i-electro-acoustic transducer) siguqula ugesi ohlinzekiwe (usuka ku-amplifier) uwenze umsindo.
Ukusebenza kahle kuvezwa esikalini se-decibel ye-logarithmic, lapho umehluko we-3 dB usho kabili izinga (noma ngaphansi), umehluko we-6 dB usho izikhathi ezine, njalo njalo. U-3 dB uzodlala ngokuphindwe kabili.
Kufanelekile ukungeza ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwezikhulumi ezimaphakathi kungamaphesenti ambalwa - amandla amaningi aguqulwa abe ukushisa, ukuze lokhu kungagcini nje "ukumosha" ngombono wezikhulisa-zwi, kodwa kuqhubekisela phambili izimo zabo zokusebenza - njengoba izinga lokushisa lekhoyili yesipikha likhuphuka, ukumelana kwalo kuyanda, futhi ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kwesistimu kazibuthe akukuhle, okungase kuholele ekuhlanekezeleni okungekona umugqa. Nokho, ukusebenza kahle okuphansi akulingani nekhwalithi ephansi - kunezipikha eziningi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nomsindo omuhle kakhulu.
Ubunzima ngemithwalo eyinkimbinkimbi
Isibonelo esihle kakhulu imiklamo ye-ATC, ukusebenza kwayo okuphansi kusekelwe ezixazululweni ezikhethekile ezisetshenziselwa iziguquli ngokwabo, futhi ezikhonza ... ngokumangalisayo - ukunciphisa ukuhlanekezela. Kumayelana okuthiwa ikhoyili emfushane esikhaleni esideUma kuqhathaniswa nohlelo olujwayelekile (olusetshenziswa iningi lama-electrodynamic converters) lwekhoyili ende esikhaleni esifushane, lubonakala ngokusebenza kahle okuphansi, kodwa ukuhlanekezela okuncane (ngenxa yokusebenza kwekhoyili endaweni efanayo kazibuthe etholakala endaweni yokusebenzela. igebe).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokushayela lulungiselelwe ukusebenza komugqa ngokuphambuka okukhulu (ngenxa yalokhu, igebe kufanele libe lide kakhulu kunekhoyili), futhi kulesi simo, ngisho nezinhlelo kazibuthe ezinkulu kakhulu ezisetshenziswa yi-ATK azihlinzeki ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu (okuningi wegebe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amakhoyili esikhundla, awagcwaliswanga).
Nokho, okwamanje sinesithakazelo esikhulu kokunye. Sisho ukuthi i-SCM7, yomibili ngenxa yobukhulu bayo (isistimu yezindlela ezimbili ene-midwoofer engu-15 cm, esimweni esinomthamo ongaphansi kwamalitha ayi-10), futhi le nqubo ethile, isebenza kahle kakhulu - ngokuya ngezilinganiso ilabhorethri Yomsindo, engu-79 dB kuphela (sicaphuna kudatha yomkhiqizi ethembisa inani eliphakeme, futhi kusukela kuzizathu zalokho kuhluka; siqhathanisa ukusebenza kahle kwezakhiwo ezilinganiswa “Ngomsindo” ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo).
Njengoba sesivele sazi, lokhu kuzophoqa i-SCM7 ukuthi idlale ngamandla ashiwo. ethulile kakhulu kunezakhiwo eziningi, ngisho nobukhulu obufanayo. Ngakho-ke ukuze azwakale ngokulinganayo, kufanele abekwe amandla engeziwe.
Lesi simo siholela ama-audiophiles amaningi esiphethweni esilula sokuthi i-SCM7 (kanye nemiklamo ye-ATC ngokujwayelekile) idinga isikhulisi esingenamandla kangako njengoba kunzima ukunquma amapharamitha, akwazi “ukushayela”, “ukudonsa”, ukulawula, “ukushayela. ” njengoba kungaba “umthwalo osindayo” okungukuthi i-SCM7. Kodwa-ke, incazelo egxilile yegama elithi "umthwalo osindayo" isho ipharamitha ehluke ngokuphelele (kunokusebenza kahle) - okungukuthi. i-impedance (amandla).
Zombili izincazelo "zomthwalo oyinkimbinkimbi" (ezihlobene nokusebenza kahle noma ukuvinjelwa) zidinga izinyathelo ezihlukene zokunqoba lobu bunzima, ngakho-ke ukuzixuba kuholela ekungaqondani okukhulu hhayi kuphela ngokwethiyori kodwa nangezizathu ezingokoqobo - ngokuqondile lapho ukhetha i-amplifier efanele.
Isikhulisazwi (isipikha, ikholomu, i-electro-acoustic transducer) yisamukeli samandla kagesi, okumele sibe nesivimbelo (umthwalo) ukuze siguqulwe sibe umsindo noma ngisho nokushisa. Khona-ke amandla azokhishwa kuwo (njengoba sesivele sazi, ngeshwa, ikakhulukazi ngesimo sokushisa) ngokusho kwamafomula ayisisekelo aziwa kusukela ku-physics.
Ama-amplifiers asezingeni eliphezulu ebangeni elishiwo le-impedance yokulayisha enconyiwe aziphatha cishe njengemithombo yamandla kagesi e-DC. Lokhu kusho ukuthi njengoba i-impedance yokulayisha iyancipha ku-voltage engashintshi, kugeleza kwamanje okwengeziwe kumatheminali (ngokuphambene ngokulingana nokuncipha kwe-impedance).
Futhi njengoba okwamanje kufomula yamandla kuyi-quadratic, noma i-impedance iyancipha, amandla akhuphuka ngokuphambene njengoba i-impedance iyancipha. Ama-amplifiers amaningi amahle aziphatha ngale ndlela kuma-impedances angaphezu kuka-4 ohms (ngakho-ke ku-4 ohms amandla acishe aphindwe kabili kunama-8 ohms), amanye asuka ku-2 ohms, futhi anamandla kakhulu asuka ku-1 ohm.
Kodwa i-amplifier evamile ene-impedance engaphansi kuka-4 ohms ingaba "nobunzima" - i-voltage ephumayo izokwehla, okwamanje ngeke zisageleza ngokuphambene njengoba i-impedance iyancipha, futhi amandla azokhuphuka kancane noma ehle. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka hhayi kuphela endaweni ethile yomlawuli, kodwa futhi lapho uhlola amandla aphezulu (okuthiwa) we-amplifier.
I-impedance yangempela yesipikha ayikona ukumelana okungapheli, kodwa impendulo yemvamisa eguquguqukayo (yize i-impedance yegama inqunywa yilesi sici kanye ne-minima yaso), ngakho-ke kunzima ukulinganisa ngokunembile izinga lobunzima - kuncike ekusebenzelaneni nokunikeziwe. i-amplifier.
Amanye ama-amplifiers awawathandi ama-engeli amakhulu wesigaba se-impedance (ahambisana nokuhlukahluka kwe-impedance), ikakhulukazi uma evela kububanzi obunemodulus ephansi ye-impedance. Lona "umthwalo osindayo" ngomqondo we-classical (futhi olungile), futhi ukuze uphathe umthwalo onjalo, udinga ukubheka i-amplifier efanelekile emelene nokuvinjelwa okuphansi.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi "ukusebenza kahle kwamanje" ngoba empeleni kuthatha okwamanje (kune-impedance ephansi) ukuze kuzuzwe amandla aphezulu ngokuvinjelwa okuphansi. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nokungaqondi lapha ukuthi abanye "abacebisi be-hardware" bahlukanisa ngokuphelele amandla kusuka kumanje, bekholelwa ukuthi i-amplifier ingaba namandla aphansi, inqobo nje uma inomsinga wenganekwane.
Kodwa-ke, kwanele ukulinganisa amandla ekuvimbeleni okuphansi ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle - emva kwakho konke, sikhuluma ngamandla akhishwa isikhulumi, hhayi okwamanje ageleza ngesipika ngokwaso.
Ama-ATX SCM7 asebenza ngendlela ephansi (ngakho-ke "ayinkimbinkimbi" kulowo mbono) futhi anokuphazamiseka okujwayelekile okungu-8 ohms (futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu esibaluleke kakhulu "alula"). Kodwa-ke, ama-audiophiles amaningi ngeke ahlukanise phakathi kwalawa macala futhi azophetha ngokuthi lokhu kuwumthwalo "osindayo" - ngoba nje i-SCM7 izodlala ngokuthula.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zizozwakala zithule kakhulu (esikhundleni esithile sokulawula ivolumu) kunezinye izikhulumi, hhayi nje ngenxa yokusebenza kahle okuphansi, kodwa futhi nokuvimbela okuphezulu - izikhulumi eziningi emakethe ziyi-4-ohm. Futhi njengoba sesivele sazi, ngomthwalo we-4 ohm, okwamanje okuningi kuzogeleza kusuka kuma-amplifiers amaningi futhi amandla amaningi azokhiqizwa.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokusebenza kahle kanye ububele, nokho, ukuxuba le mingcele futhi kuyiphutha elivamile kubo bobabili abakhiqizi nabasebenzisi. Ukusebenza kahle kuchazwa njengokucindezela komsindo ebangeni elingu-1 m ukusuka kumbhobho lapho kusetshenziswa amandla angu-1 W. Ukuzwela - uma usebenzisa i-voltage ye-2,83 V. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi
umthwalo we-impedance. Ivelaphi le ncazelo "eyinqaba"? I-2,83 V ukuya ku-8 ohms ingu-1 W kuphela; ngakho-ke, ku-impedance enjalo, ukusebenza kahle nokuzwela amanani ayafana. Kodwa izikhulumi eziningi zesimanje zingama-ohms angu-4 (futhi njengoba abakhiqizi bevame futhi beqamba amanga ngokuthi 8 ohms, enye indaba leyo).
I-voltage engu-2,83V ibe isidala ukuthi i-2W ilethwe, okungamandla aphindwe kabili, okubonakala ngokunyuka okungu-3dB kokucindezela komsindo. Ukuze ulinganise ukusebenza kahle kwesikhulisazwi esingu-4 ohm, i-voltage idinga ukwehliswa ukuze ibe ngu-2V, kodwa... akekho umkhiqizi owenza lokhu, ngoba umphumela onikezwe kuthebula, noma yini obizwa ngayo, uzoba ngaphansi ngo-3 dB.
Impela ngoba i-SCM7, njengamanye ama-loudspeakers angu-8 ohm, iwumthwalo we-impedance "olula", kubonakala kubasebenzisi abaningi - abahlulela "ubunzima" ngamafuphi, okungukuthi. ngokusebenzisa i-prism yevolumu etholwe endaweni ethile. isilawuli (kanye ne-voltage ehambisana nayo) ingumthwalo "oyinkimbinkimbi".
Futhi zingazwakala zithule ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele (noma ngenxa yokuhlangana kwazo) - isipikha esikhulu singasebenza kahle kancane, kodwa futhi sisebenzise amandla amancane. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi hlobo luni lwesimo esibhekene naso, kuyadingeka ukwazi imingcele eyisisekelo, futhi ungaqhathanisi nje ivolumu etholwe kuzikhulumi ezimbili ezihlukene ezixhunywe ku-amplifier efanayo nesikhundla sokulawula esifanayo.
Okubonwa i-amplifier
Umsebenzisi we-SCM7 uzwa izipikha zidlala kancane futhi ngokunembile uyaqonda ukuthi isikhulisi kufanele "sikhathele". Kulokhu, i-amplifier "ibona" kuphela impendulo ye-impedance - kulokhu iphakeme, ngakho-ke "ukukhanya" - futhi ayikhathali, futhi ayinankinga neqiniso lokuthi isipikha esikhulu sishintshe amandla amaningi okushisa. , hhayi umsindo. Lena indaba "phakathi kombhobho nathi"; i-amplifier "ayazi" lutho mayelana nokuvela kwethu - noma ngabe ithule noma inomsindo.
Ake sicabange ukuthi sixhuma i-8-ohm resistor enamandla kakhulu kuma-amplifiers anamandla ama-watts amaningana, amashumi amaningana, amakhulu amaningana ... Kuwo wonke umuntu, lokhu kuwumthwalo ongenazinkinga, wonke umuntu uzonikeza ama-watts amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. ukumelana okunjalo, "engenalwazi lokuthi wonke lawo mandla aphendulwe kanjani ukushisa, hhayi umsindo.
Umehluko phakathi kwamandla isihluthulelo esingawathatha kanye namandla i-amplifier engawaletha awubalulekile kulokhu kwakamuva, njengoba kunjalo neqiniso lokuthi amandla okumelana nokuphindwe kabili, ishumi, noma ikhulu. Angathatha okuningi, kodwa akudingekile.
Ngabe enye yalezi zi-amps izoba nenkinga "yokushayela" leyo resistor? Futhi kusho ukuthini ukwenza kusebenze kwayo? Ingabe unikeza amandla amakhulu engawadonsa? Kusho ukuthini ukulawula isipikha? Ingabe ivele ikhiphe amandla amakhulu noma inani eliphansi lapho isipikha siqala ukuzwakala kahle? Amandla anjani lawa?
Uma ucabangela "i-threshold" ngenhla lapho isipikha sizwakala siwumugqa kakade (nge-dynamics, hhayi impendulo ye-frequency), amanani aphansi kakhulu, ngohlelo luka-1 W, aqala ukusebenza, ngisho nezipikha ezingasebenzi kahle. . Kuyafaneleka ukwazi ukuthi ukuhlanekezela okungewona umugqa okwethulwa isipikha ngokwaso kwandisa (njengephesenti) ngamandla akhulayo avela kumanani aphansi, ngakho-ke umsindo "ohlanzekile" kakhulu uvela lapho sidlala ngokuthula.
Kodwa-ke, uma kuziwa ekufinyeleleni ivolumu namandla okusinikeza umthamo ofanele womzwelo womculo, umbuzo awugcini nje ngokuzithoba, kuye ngokuthandwa komuntu siqu, kodwa ngisho nomlaleli othile awucacile.
Kuncike okungenani ebangeni elihlukanisayo nezipikha - phela, ingcindezi yomsindo iyehla ngokulingana nesikwele sebanga. Sizodinga amandla ahlukene ukuze "sishayele" izipikha nge-1 m, kanti enye (izikhathi eziyishumi nesithupha ngaphezulu) ngo-4 m, ngendlela esiyithandayo.
umbuzo uwukuthi, iyiphi amp "ezokwenza"? Iseluleko esiyinkimbinkimbi... Wonke umuntu ulindele iseluleko esilula: thenga lesi sikhulisamandla, kodwa ungathengi lesi, ngoba "ngeke uphumelele" ...
Ukusebenzisa i-SCM7 njengesibonelo, ingafingqwa kanje: akudingeki ukuthi bathole ama-watts angu-100 ukuze badlale kahle nangokuthula. Kufanele babenze badlale kamnandi futhi bakhulume kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngeke bamukele ama-watts angaphezu kuka-100, ngoba banqunyelwe amandla abo. Umkhiqizi unikeza ububanzi obunconyiwe bamandla esikhulisi (cishe amandla nje, hhayi amandla okufanele anikezwe “ngokuvamile”) phakathi kwama-watts angu-75-300.
Kodwa-ke, kubonakala sengathi i-midwoofer engu-15cm, ngisho ne-high-end njengaleyo esetshenziswe lapha, ngeke yamukele i-300W ... Namuhla, abakhiqizi bavame ukunikeza imingcele ephakeme kangaka emikhawulweni yamandla enconyiwe yama-amplifiers abambisanayo, enezizathu ezahlukene. - ithatha amandla amakhulu esipikha, kodwa ayibophezeli ngaphandle kwalokhu... akuwona amandla alinganiselwe okufanele isipikha siwaphathe.
Ingabe ugesi ungaba nawe?
Kungase futhi kucatshangwe ukuthi i-amplifier kufanele ibe nayo ukugcinwa kwamandla (okuhlobene nesilinganiso samandla esikhulisazwi) ukuze singagcwali kakhulu kunoma yisiphi isimo (ngengozi yokulimaza isipikha). Lokhu, nokho, akuhlangene “nobunzima” bokusebenza nesipika.
Akuwenzi mqondo ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezipikha "ezidinga" leli nani le-headroom ku-amplifier nalezo ezingalifuni. Komunye umuntu kubonakala sengathi amandla okugcina amandla esikhulisi azwakala ngandlela thize yisipika, isikhulumi sibuyisela lokhu kugcinwa, futhi kulula ukuthi i-amplifier isebenze ... Noma ukuthi umthwalo "osindayo", noma uhlotshaniswa namandla esipikha aphansi. , "ingenziwa kahle" ngamandla amaningi abekiwe noma ukuqhuma okufushane...
Kuphinde kube nenkinga yalokhu okuthiwa damping factorkuncike ekungeneni kokuphuma kwe-amplifier. Kodwa okwengeziwe ngalokho kumagazini olandelayo.
