Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezimoto zikadizili nezikaphethroli?

Esimeni sanamuhla, injani impikiswano mayelana nezinjini zikadizili nezikaphethiloli?

Emuva ezinsukwini lapho intshebe isho ukuthi uwuhlobo lomfana othanda ukuxhumana nemvelo ngokuyichoboza ngeSUV enkulu esindayo, impilo yayilula futhi sasazi sonke ukuthi sifuna udizili, i-blunderbuss ebhemayo noma igesi. -umshini we-squishy owawuzizwa usekhaya emigwaqweni ebushelelezi noma emadolobheni.

Namuhla, lapho intshebe ingase isho ukuthi uhlala eMelbourne futhi ucabange ukuthi ibhulukwe lakho kufanele lipendwe ngesifutho, izinto azicace kangako.

Izimoto zikaphethiloli zisesezingeni eliphezulu, imisebenzi emnandi edla kancane kodwa okujabulisa kakhulu ukwenza kanjalo, futhi usengathola i-4WD kadizili ezokudlulisa ngemuva kwe-Bourque, kodwa futhi uzothola inqwaba yodizili. ezimotweni zasemadolobheni, kusukela kumaVolkswagen Polo, kuMazda 6 kuze kuyofika ezintini zikanokusho zeBMW 7 Series. Futhi uzothola izimoto zezemidlalo zime endaweni yangakini ethangini likadizili, manje emaphakathi negalaji likaphethiloli esikhundleni sokuya eceleni lapho amaloli agcwala khona.

Udizili ushintshile; yahamba phambili futhi yasakaza amaphiko ayo anamafutha emagumbini amaningi emakethe yezimoto.

Ungathola ngisho nePorsche esebenza ngodizili, ngenxa kaNkulunkulu, nakuba, ngokwesimo, ingekho ngaphansi kwe-hood ye-911, Cayman, noma i-Boxster.

Udizili ushintshile; seyihamba phambili futhi isakaze amaphiko ayo amancane ebhotela emakhoneni amaningi emakethe yezimoto, inikezela ukonga uphethiloli okungcono (cishe ingxenye yesithathu engcono) kanye nezikhawu ezinde phakathi kokugcwalisa, okwenza ukunikezwa kuhehe nakakhulu.

Sikude nezinga laseYurophu lokusetshenziswa kwe-diesel, lapho kwezinye izinhlobo ze-diesel injini evelele ezinkampanini zabo (okwamanje, kodwa izinguquko zokubusa kwamanye amazwe zizoshintsha lokhu maduze), kodwa ukwamukelwa kwayo kuye kwanda kakhulu. Isibalo sikadizili emigwaqeni yethu senyuke ngokuphawulekayo kule minyaka emihlanu edlule. E-UK, nokho-ke, ukuthengwa kukadizili kusanda kwehla cishe ngamaphesenti angama-40 njengoba kuvalwe lolu hlobo lwenjini kulelo zwe.

Ngakho-ke, esimweni sanamuhla, impikiswano kadizili nekaphethiloli ihlangana kanjani?

Uphethiloli noma udizili? Beqhutshwa ukuhlukana kwabo

Okufanele ukwazi wena njengomshayeli ukuthi izimoto zikadizili nezikaphethiloli ziletha amandla azo noma zihubhane ngendlela ehlukile. 

Izinjini zikaphethiloli zimayelana nama-rev, futhi zivame ukufinyelela amandla azo aphezulu - noma isikhathi esihlekisayo - ngama-revs amaningi. Bahambisa ukuthakaseleka komoya phezulu; njengoba ama-rev ekhuphuka futhi ushintsha amagiya, ijubane liyakhuphuka. Lokhu kubenza babe nemibala eminingi futhi bajabulise, okungenani ngokombono.

Izinjini zikadizili zikhipha ukukhononda kwazo - ngendlela yetorque (noma itorque, njengoba ibizwa kanjalo ngezinye izikhathi, okuchaza kakhulu; wuhlobo lwamandla olungakukhuphula igquma eliwumqansa, ngisho nesisindo somkhumbi) - ngaphansi kakhulu rpm.

Odizili bakulungele ukuhamba ngomkhumbi, ikakhulukazi emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka, ngoba amandla okudlula ahlala ekhona, ezikhathini eziningi ngaphandle kokuthi ngisho nokwehla.

Umehluko mkhulu futhi uyabonakala: injini kadizili ikhipha amandla aphindwe kathathu endaweni engaphezulu nje kokungenzi lutho. Ngakho-ke ukusuka ku-1500 rpm kuya ku-3000 rpm uthola umfutho osheshayo. Kodwa-ke, afana nehhashi elidonsa kanzima kunehhashi lomjaho, ngoba uma uwaphushela endaweni ephakeme yokuhlehla, i-grunt izophela.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi odizili bakulungele ukuhamba ngomkhumbi, ikakhulukazi emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka, ngoba amandla okudlula ahlala ekhona, ezikhathini eziningi ngaphandle kokuthi ngisho nokwehla. Ziyakwazi futhi ukudonsa izinto.

Emakhoneni aminyene emgwaqeni onomoya noma emzileni womjaho, banikeza ulwazi oluhluke kakhulu kunemoto kaphethiloli, kodwa basengaba mnandi futhi bancintisane, njengokuphumelela kwe-Audi emzileni osebenza ngodizili i-24 Hours of Le Mans. izinjini zifakazela.

Ingxenye yale mpumelelo, yiqiniso, isekelwe ekhonweni lemoto kadizili ukuthi iqhubekele phambili ethangini elilodwa likaphethiloli, kodwa ngaphezulu kwalokho kamuva.

Ingxenye yesayensi nenamafutha yokuthi kungani udizili uhlukile ukuvutha; indawo lapho uphethiloli uhlangana khona nomoya. Enjinini ye-diesel, uketshezi lunikezwa ekamelweni elivuthayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi, futhi ukuvutha kwenzeka ngaso leso sikhathi.

Izinjini zikadizili azidingi ngisho nama-spark plug njengoba kwenza izinjini zikaphethiloli. Baxuba umoya kanye nophethiloli ngaphandle kwegumbi elivuthayo endaweni yokungena.

Okunye okuhle ngedizili ukuthi inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuminyanisa kunophethiloli ongafakwanga, okwenza isebenze kahle.

Ingxabano yezomnotho

Ingxenye enkulu yokuqhathanisa injini kadizili nenjini kaphethiloli ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli. Udizili umane ungcono kulokhu, amaphesenti angama-30 noma ngisho nangama-40 angcono, nakuba izinjini zesimanje zikaphethiloli ezijovwa ngqo ziyanda.

Lokhu akukongi nje kuphela imali (yize kufanele kubhekwe intengo kadizili ethe ukukhuphuka kancane), kodwa futhi kongela isikhathi ngoba uthola ibanga eliningi ethangini - ngaphezu kuka-1000 km kwezinye izimoto - futhi lokho kusho ukuthi isevisi yemoto iyancipha. ukuvakasha. isiteshi sesevisi.

Udizili ususebenze kahle kakhulu futhi awumoshi kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule noma ngaphezulu, ngenxa yokwengezwa kwama-injection kagesi obuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezinhlelo zikaloliwe ezivamile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulethwa kwedizili okunembile kanye nensiza encane embi.

Udizili umba eqolo kunezimoto ezisebenza ngophethiloli, futhi leli qiniso kumele libhekwe uma kukhulunywa ngemali oyonga ezikweletini zakho zikaphethiloli.

Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuphinde kwenza ukuthi udizili uzwakale ungaphansi njengokugwedla ogandaganda abaphethwe yisifuba somoya kanye nezimoto, nakuba ubungeke usawabiza ngomsindo wenjini othokozisayo. Izimoto zesimanje zigxile ekufihleni imisindo kadizili ekhabetheni, futhi zenza umsebenzi omuhle ngakho.

Izimoto ezinkulu zikadizili, nokho, zijwayelekile njengezikhathi ezithobekile zikaDonald Trump.

Okunye okubalulekile kwezomnotho wukuthi izimoto zikadizili zimba eqolo kunezikaphethroli, kanti leli qiniso kumele libhekwe uma kukhulunywa ngemali oyonga ezikweletini zikaphethiloli.

Kungakanani okungahluka, kodwa amaphesenti angu-10-15 inombolo enengqondo.

Izinkampani zezimoto zizothi yingoba azizenzi eziningi ngakho kumele zikhokhise kakhulu, noma yingoba izinjini zazo zinezingxenye ezisindayo noma ziyinkimbinkimbi, konke kubiza kakhulu. (Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kungase futhi kusho izindleko eziphezulu zokulungisa kanye nempilo yenjini emfishane.)

Eqinisweni, zonke lezi zimpikiswano zinengqondo, futhi kwezinye izimakethe ungase uthole indlela ehlukile yokubeka amanani.

Ukukhokhiswa okwengeziwe manje kusho nokuthi uthola kancane uma uthengisa imoto, ngoba uma sibheka inani lokudayiswa kabusha kwezimoto zikaphethiloli nodizili, imakethe yase-Australia inikeza isithombe sokuthi udizili ubaluleke kakhulu.

Abantu bavame ukwenza izibalo ngokubala ukuthi mangaki amamayela okudingeka uwashayele ngaphambi kokuthi ubuye nemali eyengeziwe oyisebenzisile ekuwongeni uphethiloli, kodwa cishe ngeke kube yisona sici esinqumayo phela. .

Ake sithi ukhethe iMazda6 noma iHyundai i30 ngoba ihambisana kahle nendlela ophila ngayo, uyasithanda isitayela sazo futhi ihambisana nesabelomali sakho. Amaphesenti ayishumi engeziwe angakhokha ngemuva kwesikhashana uma ungagibeli amabanga amade, kodwa ekugcineni kungcono ukugibela kokubili bese unquma ukuthi iyiphi oyithanda kakhulu.

Ngaphandle uma ngempela, uzonda ngempela igalaji, lapho uzothatha udizili njalo.

Uphethiloli noma udizili? Kuyinto yomuntu siqu

Ekugcineni, akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi yikuphi okungcono, uphethiloli noma udizili, ngoba kuncike esimweni esithile noma emotweni ukuya emotweni, futhi kuncike ekuthandweni komuntu siqu.

Abanye abantu abakwazi ukubekezelela izinjini zikadizili ezinomsindo, ikakhulukazi uma zilayishile, ngakho-ke abasoze bazithenga. Yize amabhrendi ahamba phambili ase-Europe, ikakhulukazi asezingeni eliphezulu, aseyenza izinjini zikadizili ezithule kangangokuthi awukwazi ukusho ukuthi iyiphi injini oyishayelayo ngaphandle kokugoqa amawindi.

Uma uzodonsa njalo isikebhe noma i-motorhome, lokhu akuyona inkinga, ngoba udizili uzokwenza umsebenzi kangcono futhi usebenzise uphethiloli omncane kakhulu.

Udizili nawo ujwayele ukugegetheka futhi ukhwehlele kakhulu uma usebenzisa i-start/stop system, okungase kucasule, kodwa futhi, izinkampani zezimoto seziqala ukuluqonda lolu daba. Ngisho nakwaPeugeot manje sebenza izinjini zikadizili ezicishe zibe nasici.

Ingxenye yakho yilokho ofuna ukukwenza ngemoto yakho. Uma uzodonsa njalo isikebhe noma i-motorhome, lokhu akuyona inkinga, ngoba udizili uzokwenza umsebenzi kangcono futhi usebenzise uphethiloli omncane kakhulu.

Uma ufuna imoto yezemidlalo kanye nokuthakasela kwenjini edonsa kanzima, udinga uphethiloli. Yingakho nje nodizili bakwaMazda bengawafaki ku-roadster iMX-5. Ngeke nje kuzwakale noma kuzwakale kahle.

Kodwa-ke, emotweni encane yabagibeli njenge-i30 noma imoto yomndeni ephakathi nendawo njengeMazda6, udizili uzizwa ungcono ukushayela. Le torque ephansi iyisibusiso esiphelele ezinjinini ezincane futhi ikhululekile futhi ijabulisa kakhulu emsebenzini wansuku zonke. Ngeza izibalo zokonga futhi kuzithethelela ngokugcwele izindleko ezengeziwe.

Ukukhishwa okuphokophelwe

Into okumele uyicabangele, vele, ukukhishwa kukadizili, nokuyinto esanda kwenzeka kwaVolkswagen esikhombise ukuthi iyinkinga enkulu.

Amanye amadolobha, njengeLondon neParis, lapho iMeya ithe ifuna zonke izimoto zikadizili zisuke emigwaqeni ngo-2020, manje aseshaya imithetho yokuvala zonke izimoto zikadizili ngenxa yamazinga e-nitrogen dioxide eziwukhiqizayo.

(Izingxenye zaseLondon zivimbele zombili izimoto zikaphethiloli nekadizili kusukela ekupheleni kwalo nyaka ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lomoya, ngakho akuzona nje izibasi zikawoyela.)

I-World Health Organization ilinganisela ukuthi i-nitrogen dioxide ibangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-22,000 eYurophu minyaka yonke.

Ukuchayeka ku-nitrogen dioxide kungabangela isifo samaphaphu nenhliziyo, kanye nesifuba somoya, i-allergies, nezinye izifo ezibangelwa umoya. Kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nesifo sokufa kwezinsana ngokuzumayo, ukuphuphunyelwa yizisu, nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa.

I-World Health Organization ilinganisela ukuthi i-nitrogen dioxide ibangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-22,000 unyaka ngamunye eYurophu, lapho cishe ingxenye yazo zonke izimoto ziwudizili (kodwa lelo nani liyehla, futhi e-UK lehle lafinyelela kumaphesenti angu-32 futhi liyaqhubeka nokuncipha).

Njengamanje abantu base-Australia bashisa amalitha kadizili acishe abe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu ngonyaka ezimotweni kuphela, namanye amalitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.5 ezimotweni ezithengiswayo, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-80 okungcola kwe-nitrogen dioxide emadolobheni ethu avela ezimotweni, emalolini, emabhasini nasemabhasini. . amabhayisikili.

Okuhle ukuthi umoya wase-Australia uphakathi kwezindawo ezihlanzeke kakhulu emazweni athuthukile, nokho ukungcoliswa komoya kubulala abantu base-Australia abangaphezu kuka-3000 XNUMX ngonyaka, inani eliphindwe cishe kathathu kunasezingozini zezimoto.

Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-Australia kungenzeka ngolunye usuku, futhi lokhu kungenzeka emashumini ambalwa eminyaka, kulandela amazwe akhanyiselwe kakhulu futhi angcoliswe kakhulu njengeYurophu, yethule uhlobo oluthile lokuvinjelwa kukaphethiloli kadizili. 

Ingabe ukhetha izimoto zikadizili noma zikaphethiloli? Sitshele ukuthi ucabangani kumazwana angezansi.