Idivayisi kanye nomgomo wokusebenza kohlelo lokuqala injini

Uhlelo oluqala injini luhlinzeka nge-crankhaft yokuqala yenjini, ngenxa yokuthi ingxube kaphethiloli womoya ufakwa kumasilinda bese injini iqala ukusebenza ngokuzimela. Lolu hlelo lubandakanya izinto eziningana eziyisihluthulelo nama-node, umsebenzi esizowucubungula kamuva esihlokweni.

Kuyini

Ezimotweni zesimanje, uhlelo lokuqalisa lwenjini kagesi lwenziwa. Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lokuqala. Kanyekanye nokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft, uhlelo, isikhathi, ukuthungela kanye nophethiloli luvuliwe. Ukushisa kwenhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya kwenzeka emagumbini omlilo futhi ama-piston ajika i-crankshaft. Ngemuva kokufinyelela ekuvukeleni okuthile kwe-crankshaft, injini iqala ukusebenza ngokuzimela, nge-inertia.

Ukuze uqale injini, udinga ukufinyelela ijubane elithile le-crankshaft. Leli nani lihlukile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezinjini. Ukuze injini uphethiloli kudingeka okungenani 40-70 ngomzuzu, ngoba injini udizili - 100-200 ngomzuzu.

Esigabeni sokuqala semboni yezimoto, i-mechanical starting system ngosizo lwe-crank isetshenziswe ngenkuthalo. Kwakungathembeki futhi kungahambi kahle. Manje izinqumo ezinjalo sezilahliwe ngenxa yohlelo lokuqalisa ugesi.

Idivayisi yohlelo lokuqalisa injini

Uhlelo lokuqala injini lufaka izinto ezilandelayo:

• izindlela zokulawula (ukukhiya ukuthungela, ukuqala okukude, uhlelo lokuqalisa);
• i-accumulator battery;
• ukuqala;
• izintambo zesigaba esithile.

Into esemqoka yohlelo ukuqala, okuthi yona inikwe amandla ibhethri. Lena motor DC. Ikhiqiza i-torque edluliselwa ku-flywheel naku-crankshaft.

Iqala kanjani injini

Ngemuva kokuvula ukhiye kusikhiye sokuthungela endaweni "yokuqala", isekethe kagesi liyavalwa. Okwamanje ngokusebenzisa isekethe elihle elivela ebhethri kuya ekujikeni kwethrekhi yokudonswa kokuqalisa. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokudonsa okujabulisayo, okwedlule kudlulela kubhulashi lokuhlanganisa, bese kugoqelwa ku-armature kubhulashi lokususa. Le ndlela isebenza kanjani ngokudluliswa kwe-traction. Umongo osusekayo uhlehla futhi uvala ama-dimes kagesi. Lapho umgogodla uhamba, imfoloko iyaqhubeka, ehlohla indlela yokushayela (bendix).

Ngemuva kokuvala ama-dimes kagesi, amandla okuqala anikezwa kusuka ebhethri ngocingo oluhle kuya ku-stator, amabhulashi kanye ne-rotor (armature) yokuqala. Kuvela insimu kazibuthe ezungeze i-windings, eshayela isibhamu. Ngale ndlela, amandla kagesi avela ebhetri aguqulwa abe amandla womshini.

Njengoba sekushiwo, ipulagi, ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwe-solenoid relay, iphusha i-bendix emqhele we-flywheel. Yile ndlela ukuzibandakanya okwenzeka ngayo. Isikhali siyazungeza bese sishayela i-flywheel, edlulisela lokhu kunyakaza ku-crankshaft. Ngemuva kokuqala injini, i-flywheel ijikeleza ize ifike kuma-revs aphezulu. Ukuze ungalimazi i-starter, i-clutch ye-bendix ehamba phambili iyasebenza. Kumvamisa othile, i-bendix ijikeleza ngokuzimela kwesikhali.

Ngemuva kokuqala injini nokucisha ukuthungela endaweni "yokuqala", i-bendix ithatha isikhundla sayo sokuqala, futhi injini isebenza ngokuzimela.

Izici zebhethri

Ukuqala ngempumelelo kwenjini kuzoncika esimeni namandla ebhethri. Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi izinkomba ezinjengamandla nomthamo wamakhaza obandayo zibalulekile ebhethri. Lezi zimingcele zikhonjisiwe kokumaka, isibonelo, 60 / 450A. Amandla alinganiswa ngamahora we-ampere. Ibhethri inokumelana kwangaphakathi okuphansi, ngakho-ke ingaletha imisinga emikhulu okwesikhashana, iphindwe kaningi kunamandla ayo. I-cranking yamanje ebandayo ebekiwe ingu-450A, kepha ngokuya ngemibandela ethile: + 18C ° imizuzwana engekho ngaphezulu kwengu-10.

Kodwa-ke, okwamanje okuhlinzekwe ku-starter kusazoba ngaphansi kwamanani abonisiwe, ngoba ukumelana kokuqala kanye nezintambo zamandla akubhekwa. Le yamanje ibizwa ngokuthi eyokuqala.

Usizo. Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kumaphakathi no-2-9 mΩ. Ukumelana kokuqala kwenjini kaphethiloli kusezingeni eliphakathi kuka-20-30 mOhm. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukuze kusebenze kahle, kubalulekile ukuthi ukumelana kokuqala kanye nezintambo kuphakame kaningana kunokumelana nebhethri, ngaphandle kwalokho amandla wangaphakathi webhethri azokwehla ngaphansi kwama-volts ayi-7-9 lapho kuqala, futhi lokhu akunakuvunyelwa. Okwamanje i-current isetshenzisiwe, i-voltage yebhethri elisebenzayo isebenza ngokulingana kwe-10,8V imizuzwana embalwa, bese ibuyela emuva ku-12V noma ngaphezulu.

Ibhethri liletha ukuqala kwamanje kokuqalisayo imizuzwana engu-5-10. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuhlaba ikhefu imizuzwana engu-5-10 ukuze ibhethri "lithole amandla."

Uma, ngemuva komzamo wokuqala, i-voltage kunethiwekhi yebhodi yehla kakhulu noma i-starter iskrola ngesigamu, lokhu kusho ukukhishwa okujulile kwebhethri. Uma i-starter ikhiqiza ukuchofoza kwesici, khona-ke ekugcineni ibhethri lihlale phansi. Ezinye izimbangela zingabandakanya ukwehluleka kokuqala.

Qala njengamanje

Iziqalo zezinjini zikaphethiloli nedizili zizohluka ngamandla. Izinjini zikaphethiloli zomlilo zangaphakathi, iziqalo ezinamandla angama-0,8-1,4 kW zisetshenziselwa idizili - 2 kW nangaphezulu. Kusho ukuthini? Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-diesel starter idinga amandla amaningi ukucindezela i-crankshaft. Isiqalo se-1 kW sisebenzisa i-80A, i-2 kW isebenzisa i-160A. Amandla amaningi asetshenziselwa ukucwilisa okokuqala kwe-crankshaft.

Isilinganiso sokuqala samanje senjini kaphethiloli singama-255A sokwenza ngempumelelo crankhaft ngempumelelo, kepha lokhu kubheka ukushisa okuhle kuka-18C ° noma ngaphezulu. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi, i-starter idinga ukuvula i-crankshaft kumafutha aqinile, okwandisa ukumelana.

Izici ukuqala injini ezimweni zasebusika

Ebusika, kungaba nzima ukuqala injini. Amafutha ayajiya, okusho ukuthi kunzima ukuwaqinisa. Futhi, ibhethri livame ukwehluleka.

Emazingeni okushisa amancane, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kuyakhuphuka, ibhethri lihlala phansi ngokushesha, futhi futhi linqikaza ngokunqikaza amandla okuqala adingekayo. Ukuqala injini ngempumelelo ebusika, ibhethri kufanele ishajeke ngokuphelele futhi akumele iqandiswe. Ngokwengeziwe, udinga ukuqapha oxhumana nabo kuma-terminals.

Nawa amanye amathiphu wokukusiza ukuqala injini yakho ebusika:

1. Ngaphambi kokuvula i-starter emakhazeni, vula ugongolo oluphakeme imizuzwana embalwa. Lokhu kuzoqala izinqubo zamakhemikhali ebhetri, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, "vusa" ibhethri.
2. Musa ukuvula i-starter ngaphezulu kwemizuzwana eyi-10. Ngakho-ke ibhethri liphela ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi lapho kubanda.
3. Cindezela i-clutch pedal ngokuphelele ukuze i-starter ingadingi ukuvula amagiya engeziwe kumafutha wokudlulisa we-viscous.
4. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-aerosol akhethekile noma "ama-starter fluids" ajovwe ekudleni komoya angasiza. Uma injini isesimeni esihle, izoqala.

Izinkulungwane zabashayeli ziqala izinjini zazo nsuku zonke futhi ziqhube ibhizinisi. Ukuqala kokunyakaza kungenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi ohlelwe kahle wohlelo lokuqala lwenjini. Ukwazi ukwakheka kwayo, awukwazi ukuqala injini kuphela ezimweni ezahlukahlukene, kodwa futhi ukhethe izingxenye ezidingekayo ngokuya ngezidingo eziqondene ngqo nemoto yakho.