Idivayisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwesitofu semoto
Okuqukethwe
Abanikazi bezimoto abangenalwazi abaqondi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi kungani isitofu esisemotweni sisebenza nokuthi siwathola kanjani amandla ashisayo, ngosizo lwaso bese sishisa ingaphakathi. Ukuqonda inqubo yokukhiqiza amandla okushisa kumshini wokushisa imoto kubalulekile hhayi nje kuphela njengenkolelo, kodwa futhi ekusebenzeni, ngoba ngaphandle kolwazi olunjalo umshayeli ngeke akwazi ukusebenzisa kahle i-heater yangaphakathi.
Abanikazi bezimoto abangenalwazi abaqondi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi kungani isitofu esisemotweni sisebenza nokuthi siwathola kanjani amandla ashisayo, ngosizo lwaso bese sishisa ingaphakathi. Ukuqonda inqubo yokukhiqiza amandla okushisa kumshini wokushisa imoto kubalulekile hhayi nje kuphela njengenkolelo, kodwa futhi ekusebenzeni, ngoba ngaphandle kolwazi olunjalo umshayeli ngeke akwazi ukusebenzisa kahle i-heater yangaphakathi.
Siyini isitofu?
Amagama amaningana anikezwe kule yunithi:
- ihhavini;
- i-heater;
- ihitha.
Zonke zichaza ingqikithi yayo - idivayisi iklanyelwe ukushisa indawo yabagibeli, ukuze ngisho nangesikhathi sama-motor anolaka ifudumele futhi ikhululekile ngaphakathi kwemoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-heater ishaya umoya oshisayo ku-windshield, ngenxa yokuthi iqhwa neqhwa kuncibilika kuyo.
Indlela isistimu yokushisa yangaphakathi isebenza ngayo
Isitofu siyingxenye yesistimu yokupholisa injini, ngakho-ke, ukuze uqonde izimiso zokusebenza kwayo, okokuqala udinga ukuqonda ukuthi amandla ashisayo avelaphi emotweni nokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukuyipholisa. Izimoto zesimanje, ngaphandle kwezimoto zikagesi, zifakwe izinjini ezisebenza ngokwandisa amagesi ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwengxube yamafutha omoya (uphethiloli, udizili noma igesi kanye nomoya), ngakho-ke lawo mandla abizwa ngokuthi "izinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi" noma amandla omlilo angaphakathi. izinjini.
Kuvelaphi ukushisa okweqile?
Ngemva kokuphela komjikelezo wokusebenza, umjikelezo wokukhipha umoya uqala, lapho amagesi ashisayo ephuma enjini futhi efaka i-catalyst, lapho kushiswa khona ama-hydrocarbons ne-carbon monoxide, ngakho-ke umqoqi uvame ukushisa kuze kufike ezingeni lama-600-900 degrees. Noma kunjalo, phakathi nomjikelezo wokusebenza, ingxube evuthayo kaphethiloli nomoya iyakwazi ukudlulisa ingxenye yamandla ashisayo e-BC kanye nekhanda le-cylinder, futhi inikezwe ukuthi isivinini sokujikeleza kwe-shaft sezinjini zikadizili eziphelelwe yisikhathi zingasebenzi ngu-550 rpm, umjikelezo wokusebenza. idlula ku-cylinder ngayinye ngomzuzwana izikhathi ezingu-1-2. Njengoba umthwalo ukhula emotweni, umshayeli ucindezela igesi ngamandla, okukhuphukayo:
- inani lengxube ye-air-fuel;
- izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokusebenza;
- inombolo yemikhaza ngomzuzwana.
Okusho ukuthi, ukwanda komthwalo kuholela ekwandeni kwamandla okushisa akhululiwe kanye nokushisa kwazo zonke izingxenye zenjini. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi izakhi eziningi zesitshalo samandla zenziwe nge-aluminium, ukushisa okunjalo akumukeleki kubo, ngakho-ke, ukushisa okwedlulele kukhishwa kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokupholisa. Ukushisa okukhulu kwenjini ngesikhathi sokusebenza kungu-95-105 degrees Celsius, kungenxa yokuthi zonke izikhala ezishisayo zenjini zibalwe, okusho ukuthi ukugqoka kwezingxenye kulokhu kushisa kuncane. Ukuqonda isimiso sokuthola amandla amaningi ashisayo kuyadingeka ukuze uphendule umbuzo - sisebenza ngani isitofu emotweni.
Ukushisisa injini yemoto
Kuphi ukushisa okudlulele?
Ukuqinisekisa umbuso onjalo, amandla okushisa angaphezu kwamandla kufanele alahlwe endaweni ethile. Kumdwebo wesistimu yokupholisa, imibuthano emibili ehlukene ye-antifreeze circulation yenzelwe lokhu, ngayinye ine-radiator yayo (isishintshi sokushisa):
- salon (isitofu);
- main (injini).
Umthamo wokushisa wokushisa we-radiator ye-saloon ungaphansi izikhathi eziyishumi kuneyona eyinhloko, ngakho-ke inomphumela omncane embusweni wokushisa wenjini, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kwanele ukushisa ingaphakathi lemoto. Njengoba injini ifudumala, izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka, ngakho ngokushesha ngemva kokuba umshayeli eqale imoto, i-antifreeze ebandayo idlula kurediyetha ye-heater yangaphakathi, eshisa kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, lapho inaliti ye-thermometer isuka endaweni efile, umoya ofudumele uqala ukuvunguza kusuka kuma-deflectors, nesitofu sivuliwe.
Ukujikeleza kwemvelo kwesipholile ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokupholisa akwanele, ngakho-ke siphonswa ngempoqo ngepompo yamanzi (ipompo), exhunywe ngebhande ku-camshaft noma i-crankshaft. Ngokuvamile, ibhande elilodwa lishayela iphampu, i-generator kanye ne-power steering pump (GUR). Ngakho-ke, ijubane lokuhamba koketshezi ngokuqondile lincike ejubaneni lenjini, lapho ungenzi lutho ukuhamba kwegazi kuncane, nakuba imingcele yesistimu yokupholisa ikhethiwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushisa kwenjini. Kodwa, ezimotweni ezineyunithi yamandla ekhathele kanye nesistimu yokupholisa evalekile, injini ivamise ukushisa ngokungenzi lutho.
Lapho izinga lokushisa lenjini lifinyelela kuma-degree angu-95-100, i-fan ivula, okwandisa ngokuphawulekayo ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa kweyunithi yamandla, okuvumela ukuthi isebenze ngokuphumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Uhlelo olunjalo luvikela injini ngokuthembekile, kodwa akuthinti ukusebenza kwesitofu nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngoba izinga lokushisa le-antifreeze elidlula kulo ligcinwa ezingeni elifanayo, futhi ukuchithwa kokushisa kwemoto kwanele ngisho nokugeleza komoya okuphezulu. kurediyetha yasesaluni.
Indlela isitofu esishisa ngayo ingaphakathi
Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane kanye nebanga ukusuka endaweni yabagibeli, isishintshi sokushisa esishisayo asikwazi ukushisa ngokuqondile ingaphakathi lemoto, ngakho-ke, umoya wangaphakathi noma wangaphandle usetshenziswa njengesipholisa. Ngakho-ke, isitofu siyithuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi eliqukethe lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- fan;
- isihlungi sekhabethe;
- irediyetha;
- amacala aneziteshi;
- ama-dampers;
- imigudu yomoya ehambisa umoya oshisayo ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zendlu;
- iziphambukisi ezidedela umoya oshisayo endaweni yabagibeli;
- izilawuli
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zabalandeli ezifakwe ezimotweni:
- i-centrifugal;
- uphephela.
Eyokuqala ingumzimba "womnenke", ngaphakathi lapho isithuthuthu sikagesi sizungeza isondo elifakwe izindwani. Ngesikhathi sokujikeleza, isondo lizungeza umoya, okubangela ukusheshisa kwe-centrifugal, okuphoqa ukuthi ibheke indlela yokuphuma "emnenke". Lokhu kuphuma kuba iwindi elincane elidlula kulo ngesivinini esithile. Lapho isondo lijikeleza ngokushesha, kulapho ifeni iqhuma khona.
fan ye-heater yemoto
Uhlobo lwesibili lwefeni iyinjini kagesi ene-propeller (impeller) exhunywe ku-shaft yayo. Amaphiko ophephela, agobe nge-engeli ethile, acindezela umoya ngesikhathi sokunyakaza. Abalandeli abanjalo bashibhile ukwenza, futhi bathatha indawo encane, kodwa abasebenzi kahle, ngakho-ke bafakwe kuphela kumamodeli aphelelwe yisikhathi wezimoto zebhajethi, isibonelo, wonke umndeni wakudala wezimoto ze-VAZ, okungukuthi, iZhiguli edume.
Isihlungi se-Cabin
Isitofu simunca umoya ovela engxenyeni engezansi yekhompathimenti yenjini, ngakho-ke kunamathuba amaningi okuthi amatshe amancane nezinye izibi zingene emoyeni, ezingalimaza ifeni noma irediyetha. Isici sokuhlunga senziwa ngendlela ye-cartridge ekhishwayo, futhi umoya uhlanzwa ngento yokwenziwa engalukiwe egoqwe ibe yi-accordion ene-antibacterial impregnation.
Isihlungi se-Cabin
Izihlungi ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu futhi ezibizayo zifakwe ingxenye eyengeziwe egcwele ikhabhoni ecushiwe, ngenxa yokuthi zihlanza umoya ongenayo ngisho nangephunga elibi.
Isipholisanjini
Umshini wokushisa uyisici esiyinhloko se-heater, ngoba nguye odlulisela amandla ashisayo kusuka enjini kuya ekugelezeni komoya okudlula kuwo. Iqukethe amashubhu amaningana adlula ku-lattice yensimbi ene-conductivity ephezulu yokushisa, ngokuvamile i-aluminium noma ithusi. Igridi, ehlanganisa amapuleti ezimbambo ngazinye, itholakala ukuze inikeze ukumelana okuncane nokugeleza komoya okudlula kuwo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo iwushise ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho-ke, lapho isishintshi sokushisa sisikhulu, kulapho umoya ungakhona. ukushisa kweyunithi ngayinye kuya ezingeni lokushisa elinikeziwe. Le ngxenye ikhiqizwa ngezinguqulo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- ipayipi eligobile lenyoka elidlula izimbambo - lo mklamo ushibhile ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ukhiqize futhi ulondolozeke kakhulu, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kwawo kuphansi;
- amathangi amabili (abaqoqi) axhunywe amashubhu amancane adlula ku-grate, umklamo onjalo ubiza kakhulu ukuwenza futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuwulungisa, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kwawo kuphakeme kakhulu.
i-radiator yomshini wokushisa
Amamodeli angabizi ayenziwe ngensimbi ne-aluminium, angcono ayenziwe ngethusi.
Icala ngeziteshi
Iziteshi ezi-2 zidlula kufeni ngendlu, eyodwa iqukethe irediyetha, eyesibili idlula isishintshi sokushisa. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise izinga lokushisa lomoya ongena ekhabetheni usuka emgwaqeni uye kokushisa kakhulu. I-damper etholakala lapho kuhlangana khona iziteshi iqondisa ukugeleza komoya. Uma kuphakathi, ukugeleza komoya kungena kuzo zombili iziteshi cishe ngesivinini esifanayo, ukushintshwa kunoma iyiphi indlela kuholela ekuvaleni isiteshi esihambisanayo kanye nokuvuleka okugcwele kwesinye.
Ama-dampers
I-heater yemoto inama-dampers ama-3:
- owokuqala uvula futhi uvale imigudu yomoya lapho ukugeleza komoya kungena ku-radiator, kuncike kuyo lapho i-heater izomunca khona umoya, kusukela emgwaqweni noma endaweni yabagibeli;
- eyesibili ilawula ukunikezwa komoya kurediyetha, okusho ukuthi ilawula izinga lokushisa layo lokuphuma;
- eyesithathu isakaza ukugeleza komoya kuma-deflectors ahlukahlukene, okukuvumela ukuthi ushise kokubili ingaphakathi lonke kanye nezingxenye zayo kuphela.
I-auto stove damper
Ezimotweni zebhajethi, ama-lever nama-control knobs alawa ma-dampers aboniswa kukhonsoli yephaneli yangaphambili; ezimotweni ezibiza kakhulu, ukusebenza kwazo kulawulwa isilawuli se-air conditioner.
Amapayipi omoya
Ngokuya ngemodeli nokucushwa komshini, amapayipi omoya abekwe ngaphansi kwephaneli yangaphambili nangaphansi kwephansi, futhi izitolo zabo zitholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ku-cabin. Izitolo zomoya ezidume kakhulu yizikhala ezingaphansi kwezihlalo zangaphambili nangemuva, ngoba leli lungiselelo lilungele ukushisa hhayi phezulu kuphela kodwa futhi nengxenye engezansi ye-cabin, ngakho-ke imilenze yomshayeli nabagibeli.
Iziphambukisi
Lezi zici zenza imisebenzi emi-2 ebalulekile:
- ukusika ukugeleza komoya kube imifudlana emincane eminingana ukuze unciphise isivinini sokunyakaza ngenkathi ugcina umthamo ophelele wokuhlinzeka;
- vikela imigudu yomoya ekungcoleni okungangeni kuyo.
I-deflector ye-oven ezenzakalelayo
Isibonelo, ama-deflectors ku-"torpedo", okungukuthi, iphaneli yangaphambili, ingashintshwa, ngaleyo ndlela iguqule isiqondiso sokugeleza komoya okuvela kubo. Lo msebenzi uwusizo ikakhulukazi uma ubuso bubanda futhi ukuguqula i-deflector kuqondise umoya oshisayo kuwo.
Izilawuli
Kunoma iyiphi imoto, izilawuli zesitofu zibekwe kuphaneli yangaphambili noma i-console yayo, kodwa indlela ezenza ngayo kuma-dampers ihlukile. Kumamodeli angabizi kakhulu ngaphandle kwe-air conditioning noma uhlelo lokulawula isimo sezulu, ama-dampers alawulwa yizintambo ezixhunywe kuma-levers akhishwe ngaphandle. Kumamodeli abiza kakhulu futhi ahlonishwayo, kanye namazinga aphezulu wokunquma, yonke into ilawulwa yi-electronics, ethola izimpawu ezivela ezinkinobho kanye nama-potentiometers aboniswe kuphaneli yangaphambili, kanye nekhompiyutha esebhodini noma iyunithi yokulawula isimo sezulu.
isiphetho
I-heater yangaphakathi ayiyona idivayisi ehlukile, kodwa uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi oluxhunywe enjini yemoto kanye nezintambo zikagesi ezingaphakathi ebhodini, futhi umthombo wokushisa wawo ukuvutha kukaphethiloli kumasilinda. Ngakho-ke, impendulo yombuzo - yini eyenza isitofu emotweni sisebenze, kusobala, ngoba injini yomlilo yangaphakathi "i-heater" yangempela yomshayeli nabagibeli, kanti ezinye izakhi zidlulisela ukushisa kuphela. bona, bashise umoya ongenayo bese bewusakaza endlini yonke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uluhlobo luni lwemoto onayo - i-Tavria, i-UAZ noma imoto yesimanje yangaphandle, ukushisa kwangaphakathi kusebenza njalo ngokwalesi simiso.
