Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kwamawiper ezimoto

Zonke izimoto zesimanje zifakwe ama-wiper noma ama "wiper" ewindscreen, enzelwe ukuhlanza ifasitela lomoya ukungcola, uthuli noma imvula. Ngosizo lwabo, umshayeli angathuthukisa kakhulu ukubonakala ngaphandle kokushiya igumbi lomgibeli. AmaWiper efasitela lomoya wezimoto ayingxenye ebalulekile yokwakheka kwemoto, futhi ukwehluleka kwawo kuvimbela ukusebenza kwemoto.

Isistimu ye-wiper yesikrini

AmaWiper amafasitela avamile enzelwe ukususa ukungcola, uthuli, nemvula eyeqile ebusweni bayo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukwandise ukubonakala komgwaqo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kufaka phakathi izimo zezulu ezimbi: imvula enamandla noma iqhwa. Ukuze isebenze kahle kakhulu, le divayisi ihlanganiswe ne-washer yesikrini somoya efafaza uketshezi olukhethekile lwe-washer fluid engaphezulu kwengilazi. Ngakho-ke, ingilazi iyasuswa ekunamatheleni ukungcola nezinambuzane.

Ezinye izimoto zine-wiper yangemuva kanye namadivayisi akhethekile wokuhlanza amalambu (ama-washer). Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezimoto kuzo zonke izimo zezulu. Imvamisa nesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-wiper kulawulwa ngumshayeli ovela egumbini lomgibeli.

Izakhi zesakhiwo zama-wiper

Izici zedizayini zincike ohlotsheni lwedivayisi nohlobo lokuqina. Isifunda esijwayelekile se-wiper sinezingxenye ezilandelayo:

• i-lever drive (i-trapezoid);
• ama-leashes;
• ukudluliswa kokulawulwa kwezindlela zokusebenza;
• iyunithi yokulawula ngogesi (uma ikhona);
• imoto kagesi eno-gearbox;
• ukukhwezwa okulingene;
• amabhulashi.

Ngokwengeziwe, kunikezwa amadivayisi wokulawula. Isibonelo, ukulawula ngesandla, iswishi yekholomu yokuqondisa yezindlela zokusebenza zamawiper iyasetshenziswa, futhi kwimodi ezenzakalelayo, kufakwa iyunithi ekhethekile yokulawula i-elektroniki kanye nenzwa yokuhlaziya ukungcoliswa kwengilazi (inzwa yemvula) emotweni.

Isimiso sokusebenza kwedivayisi

Ngaphandle kokusebenza okulula kohlelo lokuhlanza, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi ama-wiper asebenza kanjani. Ama-nuances amakhulu okudingeka wazi ngawo:

1. Ukudluliswa kwe-electromagnetic kuthola umyalo wokulawula futhi kusetha imodi yokusebenza yamabhulashi. Ngokuya ngemoto, abahlanzayo bangasebenza ngemodi yezikhawu ngezikhathi ezimfushane zemizuzwana emi-3-5, bahlale behamba ngejubane elibekiwe, futhi bashintshele kwimodi yokuwasha iwashi liwashiwe.
2. Imoto ye-wiper inikwe amandla uhlelo lukagesi lwemoto. Umdwebo wiring oqondile uncike kwimodeli yemoto.
3. Izingalo ze-wiper, kanye nazo emabhulashini wokuhlanza ingilazi, ziqhutshwa yinjini kagesi enegiya lesibungu kanye ne-lever drive (trapezoid). I-trapezoid idlulisa futhi iguqule ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kusuka kumoto kagesi kuya emabhulashini, okuthi, ngokucindezela ngokuqinile endaweni yokusebenza, kususe ukungcola nomswakama engilazini.

Isistimu emiswe kahle akufanele ishiye imigqa noma ukulimala komshini ebusweni bengilazi, kanye nokwenza umsindo ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Uma kwenzeka kunezinkinga ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukuqeda ngokushesha ukungasebenzi kahle.

Isebenza kanjani i-trapezoid

Isishayo se-wiper siqukethe uhlelo lwezinduku nezinsimbi eziguqula ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kusuka ku-gearbox kuye ekunyakazeni okuphindayo kwezinduku ze-wiper. Idivayisi ejwayelekile kufanele ifeze le misebenzi elandelayo:

• ukuhamba kwamabhulashi lapho i-wiper motor isebenza;
• ukuqinisekisa ukuphakama okudingekayo nesivinini sokuhlanza;
• izingalo ze-wiper ezinamabhulashi amabili noma ngaphezulu kufanele zihambisane ngokuvumelanayo.

I-trapezoid, njengemoto kagesi, iyinto ebalulekile yohlelo. Uma kwenzeka kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle (ukuvela kokuhlehlela emuva) ekusebenzeni kwayo, ukusebenza kahle nekhwalithi yokuhlanza ingilazi kuyawohloka. Ngokwethembeka okukhulu, izakhi ze-trapezium zenziwe ngensimbi yensimbi, emelana nezindawo ezinolaka, futhi ibuye ibe nokuqina okuphezulu kokugoba.

Ngokuya ngomklamo wabahlanza ingilazi, ama-trapeziums angaba ibhulashi elilodwa-, amabili nantathu, futhi ngokuya ngomgomo wokusebenza - olinganayo nowokulinganisa.

I-Wiper motor

I-wiper motor inomklamo oyisisekelo kungakhathalekile imodeli yemoto. Izinto eziyinhloko zifaka imoto kagesi uqobo kanye no-gearbox (imvamisa igiya lesibungu), okwandisa amandla avela emotweni kagesi amahlandla amaningi. Imishini yesimanje ingafakwa ngezinto ezengeziwe, kufaka phakathi amafiyuzi okuvikela imithwalo esindayo, izinto zokushisa ezisebenza emazingeni okushisa aphansi, nokunye okuningi.

I-wiper motor iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yohlelo, eqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo kahle. Amabhulashi kufanele alingane kahle nengilazi futhi ahambe ngokukhululeka phezu kwawo, ngaphandle kwalokho kukhona umthwalo owandayo emotweni kagesi.

Ukuphathwa kokuhlanza

Isistimu yokuhlanza amafasitela ingalawulwa ngezindlela ezimbili - ngogesi nokagesi. Inketho yokugcina ifaka ukuguqulwa mathupha kwezindlela zokusebenza. Ngaphansi kwesondo kune-lever ekhethekile yokulawula evumela ukuthi uvule idivayisi, ulungise ikhefu ekusebenzeni kwama-wiper futhi ushintshe izindlela zokuhlanza. Kepha le nketho idinga ukubamba iqhaza okuqhubekayo komshayeli.

Uhlelo lokulawula ngogesi luzimele ngokuphelele futhi aludingi ukungenelela komuntu. Emotweni kufakwa i-elekthronikhi ekhethekile nenzwa yemvula, ehlaziya ukuhlanzeka kwengilazi nezimo zezulu. Ukulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi kunikeza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene:

• ukucisha nokuvala okuzenzakalelayo;
• ukushintsha amapharamitha wokuhlanza;
• ukuvimba imoto phambi kwezithiyo efasiteleni langaphambili;
• ukuhlanza okungeziwe nge-washer yesikrini somoya;
• ukuvimbela ukubanda kwamabhulashi lapho injini icishiwe.

Izinhlobo zamabhulashi

Abakhiqizi bezimoto bahlinzeka abanikazi bezimoto ngokukhetha izinhlobo zebhulashi. Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa nokusebenza, zingaba zezinhlobo ezilandelayo:

1. Amabhulashi ohlaka kuyindlela engcono kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu. Zijwayela kahle indawo yokusebenza kwefasitela lomoya, kepha zilulaza ikhwalithi yokuhlanza emazingeni okushisa we-subzero kanye nejubane eliphezulu.
2. Ama-wiper angenaphethini ayindlela ebiza kakhulu enikeza ukuhlanzwa kwengilazi esezingeni eliphakeme. Idivayisi imelana nokubanda kakhulu, futhi ihlala isikhathi eside isebenza. Phakathi kokubi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ubunzima bokukhethwa kwamabhulashi ukuqinisekisa ukunamathela okufanele engilazini.
3. Ama-wiper ama-hybrid avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-wiper ebusika ngenxa yomklamo wawo ovaliwe nokumelana nomswakama. Ilungele izindawo ezinamazinga okushisa aphansi lapho kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kohlelo lokuhlanzwa.

Izindlela zokunamathisela amabhulashi

Kuze kube ngo-1999, iningi labakhiqizi bezimoto belisebenzisa uhlobo lokunamathisela lwe-wiper. Le yidivayisi yendawo yonke enesimo sohlamvu "U", ekuvumela ukuthi uthinte ibhulashi futhi ungakhathazeki ngokuthembeka kokufakwa kwayo. Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezintaba zithola ukuthandwa:

1. I-Side Pin - Yethulwe ngo-2005 kwaBWM, kwaVolvo nakwezinye izimoto. Ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise amabhulashi ngephini elikhethekile eliseceleni elingu-22 noma 17 mm.
2. Inkinobho noma i- "Push Button" - i-adaptha yamazinga ajwayelekile we-16 mm wiper blades. Kwanele ukuqhafaza kudivayisi ukuze ubambe, futhi ukuze uyisuse, udinga ukucindezela inkinobho ekhethekile.
3. I-Pin lock - ukulungisa amabhulashi ngensimbi ekhethekile eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Isetshenziswe ezimotweni zakwa-Audi.

Lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwezinhlobo zokubopha. Umkhiqizi ngamunye angasebenzisa imiklamo yakhe yokulungisa amabhulashi.

Yize kungelula neze iwiper yamawindi, kunzima ukucabanga ngemoto yesimanje ngaphandle kwazo. Abashayeli bangalawula ukusebenza kwamawiper ngokuqondile egumbini labagibeli, basuse ukungcola futhi bathuthukise ukubonakala kwesimo somgwaqo. Futhi amasistimu kagesi aqapha ngokuzenzakalela ukuhlanzeka kwengilazi, okwandisa ukunethezeka nokuphepha kokushayela ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu.