Idivayisi yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi - ividiyo, imidwebo, izithombe

Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ingenye yalezo zinto eziqanjiwe ezaguqula kakhulu izimpilo zethu - abantu bakwazi ukudlulisa besuka ezinqoleni ezidonswa amahhashi baya ezimotweni ezisheshayo nezinamandla.

Izinjini zokuqala ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zazinamandla aphansi, futhi ukusebenza kahle akuzange kufinyelele ngisho namaphesenti ayishumi, kodwa abaqambi abangakhathali - Lenoir, Otto, Daimler, Maybach, Diesel, Benz nabanye abaningi - baletha into entsha, ngenxa yokuthi amagama amaningi engafi ngamagama ezinkampani ezidumile zezimoto.

Izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ziye zavela ngendlela ende yokuthuthuka kusukela kwezinjini ezibhemayo nezivame ukuphuka ziye ezinjinini ze-biturbo zesimanjemanje, kodwa isimiso sokusebenza kwazo sisafana - ukushisa kokushiswa kukaphethiloli kuguqulwa kube amandla emishini.

Igama elithi "injini yomlilo yangaphakathi" lisetshenziswa ngoba uphethiloli uvutha phakathi nenjini, hhayi ngaphandle, njengasezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphandle - izinjini zesitimu nezinjini zesitimu.

Ngenxa yalokhu, izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zithole izici eziningi ezinhle:

ziye zaba lula kakhulu futhi zonga kakhulu;
kwaba nokwenzeka ukususa amayunithi engeziwe ukuze adlulisele amandla omlilo kaphethiloli noma umusi ezingxenyeni zokusebenza zenjini;
uphethiloli wezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi unemingcele ebekiwe futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uthole amandla engeziwe angaguqulwa abe umsebenzi owusizo.

Idivayisi ye-ICE

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi injini isebenza ngani - uphethiloli, udizili, i-propane-butane noma i-eco-fuel esekelwe kumafutha yemifino - isici esiyinhloko esisebenzayo yi-piston, etholakala ngaphakathi kwe-cylinder. I-piston ibukeka njengengilazi yensimbi ehlanekezelwe (ukuqhathanisa nengilazi ye-whisky ifaneleka kakhulu - enephansi eliyisicaba eliyisicaba nezindonga eziqondile), futhi isilinda sibukeka njengepayipi elincane lapho i-piston ingena khona.

Engxenyeni engaphezulu eyisicaba ye-piston kukhona igumbi elivuthayo - ikhefu eliyindilinga, kulapho ingxube ye-air-fuel ingena futhi iqhume lapha, ibeka i-piston ekuhambeni. Lokhu kunyakaza kudluliselwa ku-crankshaft kusetshenziswa izinduku zokuxhuma. Ingxenye engenhla yezintambo zokuxhuma ifakwe ku-piston ngosizo lwephinikhodi ye-piston, efakwe emigodini emibili ezinhlangothini ze-piston, futhi ingxenye engezansi ifakwe kujenali yenduku yokuxhuma ye-crankshaft.

Izinjini zokuqala ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zine-piston eyodwa kuphela, kodwa lokhu kwakwanele ukuthuthukisa amandla amashumi amaningana wamahhashi.

Namuhla, izinjini ezine-piston eyodwa nazo zisetshenziswa, isibonelo, izinjini zokuqala zogandaganda, ezisebenza njengesiqalo. Nokho, 2, 3, 4, 6 kanye 8-cylinder izinjini zivame kakhulu, nakuba izinjini 16 amasilinda noma ngaphezulu ayatholakala.

Idivayisi yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi - ividiyo, imidwebo, izithombe

Ama-piston namasilinda atholakala ku-cylinder block. Kusukela ekutheni amasilinda atholakala kanjani maqondana nomunye nomunye nezinye izakhi zenjini, izinhlobo eziningana zezinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi zihlukaniswa:

emgqeni - amasilinda ahlelwe emgqeni owodwa;
Okumise okwe-V - amasilinda atholakala maqondana nomunye nge-engeli, esigabeni afana nohlamvu "V";
I-U-shaped - izinjini ezimbili ezixhumene emgqeni;
Okumise okwe-X - izinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi ezinamabhulokhi amabili amise okwe-V;
boxer - i-angle phakathi kwamabhulokhi we-cylinder yi-180 degrees;
I-12-cylinder emise okwe-W - imigqa emithathu noma emine yamasilinda afakwe ngesimo sohlamvu "W";
ama-radial engines - asetshenziswa endizeni, ama-piston atholakala emisebe ye-radial ezungeze i-crankshaft.

Isici esibalulekile senjini yi-crankshaft, lapho ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe kwe-piston kudluliselwa khona, i-crankshaft iyiguqule ibe ukujikeleza.

Idivayisi yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi - ividiyo, imidwebo, izithombe

Lapho ijubane lenjini liboniswa ku-tachometer, lokhu kuyinani eliqondile lokuzungeza kwe-crankshaft ngomzuzu, okungukuthi, ijikeleza ngesivinini esingu-2000 rpm ngisho nangesivinini esiphansi kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-crankshaft ixhunywe ku-flywheel, lapho ukujikeleza kunikezwa khona nge-clutch kuya ku-gearbox, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-crankshaft pulley ixhunywe ku-generator kanye nomshini wokusabalalisa igesi ngokusebenzisa ibhande lokushayela. Ezimotweni eziningi zesimanje, i-crankshaft pulley nayo ixhunywe kuma-air conditioning kanye nama-pulleys okuqondisa amandla.

Uphethiloli unikezwa injini nge-carburetor noma injector. Izinjini ze-Carburetor ezivuthayo zangaphakathi sezivele zingasebenzi ngenxa yokungapheleli kwedizayini. Kulezi zinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, kukhona ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kukaphethiloli nge-carburetor, khona-ke uphethiloli uxutshwa endaweni eningi yokufaka futhi udliwe emakamelweni avuthayo ama-pistons, lapho aqhuma khona ngaphansi kwesenzo senhlansi yomlilo.

Ezinjinini zomjovo oqondile, uphethiloli uxutshwa nomoya kusilinda block, lapho kunikezwa khona inhlansi esuka ku-spark plug.

Indlela yokusabalalisa igesi inesibopho sokusebenza okuhlelekile kwesistimu ye-valve. Ama-valve okungena aqinisekisa ukugeleza okufika ngesikhathi kwengxube ye-air-fuel, futhi ama-valve okukhipha amandla anesibopho sokususwa kwemikhiqizo evuthayo. Njengoba sibhale ngaphambili, uhlelo olunjalo lusetshenziswa ezinjini ezine-stroke, kanti ezinjinini ezine-stroke asikho isidingo sama-valve.

Le vidiyo ikhombisa ukuthi injini evuthayo yangaphakathi isebenza kanjani, imiphi imisebenzi eyenzayo nokuthi iyenza kanjani.