Ukuqondisa kwamandla: izinhlobo, ukungalungi kanye nezinzuzo

Iziteringi zamandla ezehlukene zisiza ukunciphisa umthamo odingekayo ukuze ujike isiteringi, okwenza ukushayela kungakhathali nokunethezeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-power steering, ukuhamba kuyathuthukiswa, futhi uma kwenzeka ukubhoboza isondo, kulula ukugcina imoto emgwaqweni futhi ugweme ingozi.

Nakuba izimoto zabagibeli zingakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwama-amplifiers, zifakwe ezimotweni eziningi ezikhiqizwa esikhathini sethu. Kodwa ukushayela iloli ngaphandle kokuqondisa kukagesi kungaphenduka umsebenzi onzima onzima.

Izinhlobo zesiteringi samandla

Njengoba sesike sabhala, izimoto zanamuhla, ngisho nasekucushweni okuyisisekelo, zifakwe isici esidingekayo njengesiqondisi samandla. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba kuxoxwa kabanzi ngezansi. Zonke zinesakhiwo esihlukile, uhlelo, inhloso, izimiso zokusebenza nokusetshenziswa.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zesiteringi samandla:

• i-hydraulic (GUR);
• i-electrohydraulic (EGUR);
• kagesi (EUR);
• okomshini.

Isiteringi samandla we-hydraulic

Ama-Hydraulics aqala ukusetshenziswa ekuqondiseni phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule futhi namanje awakalahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwawo. Ukuqondisa kwamandla kungatholakala ezimotweni eziningi zesimanje zabagibeli.

Inhliziyo yesiteringi samandla iyiphampu, eshayelwa ibhande noma iketango elisuka ku-crankshaft yenjini. Iphampu yesiteringi yamandla idala ingcindezi ye-atmospheres engaba ngu-100 ohlelweni oluvaliwe lwe-hydraulic.

Uketshezi olusebenzayo (amafutha) olumpontshwa yiphampu luphakelwa ngokufathela kumsabalalisi. Umsebenzi wayo ukusabalalisa kabusha uketshezi kuye ngokuthi isiteringi sijikajika.

Isilinda samandla kahydraulic esinepiston (i-steering rack) sisebenza njengesisetshenziswa esisebenzayo.

Izinzuzo ze-GUR:

• induduzo yokuqondisa;
• ukuncipha okuphawulekayo emzamweni odingekayo ukuze ujikeleze isondo lokuqondisa;
• ukuguqula amasondo ku-angle edingekayo, udinga ukuguqula kancane isondo lokuqondisa;
• uma isondo lonakalisiwe, kulula ukugwema ukusuka kumzila;
• uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwe-hydraulic booster, ukulawulwa kwemoto kuzohlala.

Ukungalungi kwesiteringi samandla:

• i-amplifier isebenza kuphela lapho injini isebenza;
• ukuncika ngesivinini senjini;
• njengoba iphampu iqhutshwa injini, lokhu kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli;
• ukubamba isondo lokuqondisa kwesinye sezikhundla ezidlulele isikhathi eside kungabangela ukushisa okukhulu koketshezi olusebenzayo kanye nokwehluleka kwezinye izakhi zesistimu;
• ngokuvamile, uhlelo lwe-hydraulic luyinqwaba futhi ludinga ukunakekelwa ngezikhathi ezithile.

I-electro-hydraulic power steering

Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-EGUR uyafana naleyo ye-hydraulic booster. Umehluko wukuthi lapha iphampu iqhutshwa yi-motor kagesi, esebenza nge-generator.

Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi wehlise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli uma kuqhathaniswa nesiteringi sikagesi.

Uhlelo lokulawula ngogesi lulungisa amandla kuye ngesivinini. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukukhululeka nokunemba kokuqondisa hhayi kuphela phezulu kodwa nangesivinini esiphansi, okungenakwenzeka uma usebenzisa i-booster evamile ye-hydraulic.

Ukungalungi kwe-EGUR:

• uhlelo lungase lwehluleke uma isondo lokuqondisa ligcinwe endaweni ephakeme isikhathi eside ngenxa yokushisa kwamafutha;
• izindleko eziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesiteringi samandla;
• ukuthintana okungalungile kuzintambo zikagesi noma ukungasebenzi kahle kweyunithi yokulawula kungaholela ekumisweni kokusebenza kwe-EGUR. Isimo ngokwaso asibucayi kangako, kepha ukwehla okubukhali kokulawulwa kwezimoto ngenkathi ushayela kungabangela ukwethuka kumshayeli ongakulungele.

Yini engcono i-GUR noma i-EGUR?

Njengoba sekushiwo, i-EGUR inemojula yokulawula ehlukile. Inkinga ukuthi ihlanganiswe ibe yiyunithi yomhlangano eyodwa enepompo yenjini kagesi kanye nengxenye yayo ye-hydraulic. Emishinini eminingi yobudala, ukuqina kuphukile futhi umswakama noma uwoyela ngokwawo ungena ku-electronics. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokungabonakali, futhi uma kuziwa ezinkingeni ezisobala ekusebenzeni kwe-amplifier, sekwephuzile kakhulu ukuzama ukulungisa okuthile. Kuzodingeka kushintshwe izinto ezibizayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlelo olunjalo oluneyunithi yalo yokulawula, ngokungafani ne-classic power steering, lunokuhlanganisa okubalulekile - uhlobo lokuvikela. Uma ngesizathu esithile ukuvuza okukhulu kwamafutha kwenzeka ohlelweni, khona-ke kuzovala ipompo ngokwayo, ukuvimbela ukufa kwayo okungazelelwe ngenxa yokugijima okomile. Njengasendabeni ye-hydraulic booster yakudala, noma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa akubandakanyi ukuguga kwezinto ezikumzila wesitimela ngokwawo. Ngakho-ke, ayikho impendulo eqondile yalo mbuzo.

Isiteringi samandla kagesi

Ama-hydraulic anzima futhi anzima awekho ngokuphelele lapha. Ngokunjalo, awekho amaphutha endalo esiteringi samandla.

I-EUR iqukethe injini kagesi kanye neyunithi yokulawula.

Sisebenza kanjani isiteringi samandla kagesi? Inzwa iqapha i-engeli yokujikeleza kanye nesivinini sokujikeleza kwesondo lokuqondisa futhi ithumela isignali kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi. Iphrosesa ihlaziya ulwazi olusuka kunzwa, iluqhathanise nesivinini semoto bese ikhipha isiginali yokulawula kumotho kagesi. I-motor ihambisa i-steering rack ngokufanele.

Izinzuzo ze-EUR:

• ukubumbana;
• inzuzo;
• izindleko eziphansi ze-EUR;
• akukho ukuncika kwejubane lenjini;
• ukusebenza akuxhomekile ezingeni lokushisa elizungezile;
• lula ukulungisa.

Ngenxa yalezi zimfanelo ezinhle, i-EUR iya ngokuya ifakwa ezimotweni zesimanje.

Okuyinhloko ukungabi namathuba I-EUR ingamandla ayo aphansi, okuncike emandleni we-generator. Lokhu kwenza kube yinkinga kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-EUR kumaSUV, ngisho nangaphezulu emalolini.

Isiteringi samandla emishini

Isiteringi samandla kagesi siqukethe isethi yamagiya ahlukahlukene endlini. Umphumela wokuqinisa kanye nokwenza lula ukulawula usebenzisa indlela enjalo ukushintsha isilinganiso segiya sokuzungezisa. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo alusetshenziswanga ngenxa yobunzima nokungathembeki komklamo, kanye nangenxa yezinga lomsindo elikhulayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona ngesiteringi samandla

Ngokuvamile isiteringi samandla sisebenza ngokuthembekile futhi asibangeli izinkinga ezinkulu kubanikazi bezimoto. Yiqiniso, akukho lutho olungunaphakade futhi ngokushesha noma kamuva i-hydraulic booster nayo iyahluleka. Kodwa izinkinga eziningi zingalungiswa uwedwa.

Isikhathi esiningi kuba khona ukuvuza koketshezi olusebenzayo. Ivamise ukuvuza ezindaweni lapho amapayipi exhunywe khona ezintweni ezifakwayo, kancane kancane amapayipi ngokwawo aqhekeka.

Uma ama-jolts noma ukudlidliza kuzwakala lapho uphendula isondo lokuqondisa, kufanelekile ukuhlola isimo sebhande le-pump drive. Lungisa noma shintsha uma kunesidingo.

Ingxenye esengozini kakhulu yesiteringi samandla yiphampu. Uma kuvela ukuthi kunephutha, inkinga iphakama ngokushesha: ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa. Uma unesifiso, amathuluzi adingekayo kanye nesipiliyoni emsebenzini wemishini, ungazama ukulungisa iphampu ngokwakho, nakuba, yiqiniso, akekho oqinisekisa impumelelo yamaphesenti ayikhulu.

Ezikhathini eziningi, ukuthwala kuyahluleka empompini. Ngokuvamile, lapho kuvulwa, amaphutha emigodini ye-rotor kanye nendawo yangaphakathi ye-stator itholakala. Kudingeka zigaywe ngokucophelela. I-oil seal kanye nama-gaskets enjoloba nawo kufanele ashintshwe.

Uma kuvela ukuthi ama-valve anephutha, khona-ke kufanele ashintshwe njengesethi, ngoba kufanele ahambisane nomunye nomunye ngokwemigomo yokuphuma.

Uma kungekho okwenzekayo noma isifiso sokumosha ngokulungiswa kwephampu yesiteringi samandla ngokwakho, ungaxhumana nesevisi yemoto. Kuyafaneleka okokuqala ukuthola ukuthi ukhona yini uchwepheshe weziqu ezidingekayo endaweni yokusebenzela ekhethiwe nokuthi kuzobiza malini ukulungisa.

Kungaba ngcono ukuvele umisele iphampu. Entsha ibiza kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungase kube inketho esebenzayo ukuthenga evuselelwe, ezobiza kancane futhi ihlale cishe isikhathi eside.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka nge-EUR

Ungabheka ukuthi i-EUR isicime ngokuphelele yini ngokuqhathanisa imizamo lapho uphendula isiteringi injini imile futhi isebenza. Uma kuzo zombili izimo umzamo ofanayo uyadingeka ukuze ujikeleze "isondo lokuqondisa", khona-ke i-amplifier ayisebenzi.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlola i-wiring, impilo ye-generator, ubuqotho bamafuse, ukwethembeka kwabathintana nabo. Bese uhlola inzwa ye-torque kanye noxhumana nabo. Uma i-speedometer nayo ingasebenzi, khona-ke inzwa yesivinini kufanele ihlolwe.

Uma konke kuhlelekile ngokuthintana kwezinzwa, kufanelekile ukushintsha izinzwa ngokwazo. Iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi kulula ukuyishintsha ngokwakho, kodwa kuzodingeka uxhumane nochwepheshe besevisi ukuze uyihlole.

Kwezinye izimo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-ESD yesiteringi kungase kubonakale njengokuziphatha kokuqondisa okungalindelekile ngenkathi ushayela. Kulokhu, kufanele ume ngokushesha futhi uvale i-EUR ngokususa i-fuse efanele. Bese uya kusevisi yemoto ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa.

isiphetho

Uhlelo lokuqondisa ludlala indima enkulu ekushayeleni imoto. Noma yikuphi ukwehluleka ekusebenzeni kwayo kuthinta kakhulu ukuhamba nokulawulwa kwemoto.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanele uzinabe izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kokuqondisa, njengoba lokhu kungase kuphenduke ingozi enkulu. Akuzona nje izimali zakho ezisengozini. Impilo nempilo yakho neyabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo ingaba sengcupheni.