Ukugcinwa komgwaqo: izici ezinqumayo

Ngokungangabazeki, ukubamba umgwaqo kuyisici esibalulekile sokuphepha nokuzijabulisa kokushayela. Siphawula izici eziyinhloko ezinquma izinga lokuziphatha kwemoto.

Isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi

Imoto ngayinye inesikhungo esiphakeme kakhulu noma esingaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi, kuye ngobude bayo, kanye nokusabalalisa okuqondile kwesisindo. Kunengqondo ukuthi imoto yezemidlalo ingaba nesikhungo esiphansi kakhulu sokudonsela phansi kuneSUV, ngoba ukuphakama kwayo kuphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izimoto ezimbili ezinobukhulu obufanayo zingaba nezikhungo ezihlukene zamandla adonsela phansi ... Ngempela, lapho izixuku zehliswa kakhulu (isibonelo, ezinye izimoto zikagesi ezibeka amabhethri azo aphansi phansi), isikhungo se-gravity sizoba ngaphansi. , futhi okuphambene nalokho, isisindo esiningi, amandla adonsela phansi aphakathi nendawo (yingakho amabhokisi ophahleni engenza imoto yakho ibe yingozi kakhulu). Isikhungo esiphansi se-gravity sinikeza ukuzinza okungcono, kodwa futhi kunciphisa kakhulu ukuhamba komzimba (futhi kunciphisa ukuhamba kokumiswa). Lokhu kwakamuva kudala ukungalingani okuphinde kuthinte ukuhamba kwesitimela ngasinye. Uma ukunyakaza komzimba kukhulu, kuyancipha ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezela kwesondo ngalinye okufanayo. Amanye amasondo azochotshozwa kanti amanye azojabula kakhulu (ukuthintana komgwaqo okuncane kakhulu, kungase kwenzeke nokuthi elinye lamasondo alisawuthinti umgwaqo ezimotweni ezine-asi yangemuva engajwayelekile: i-torsion bar axle).

Ungakwazi ukushintsha isikhungo sokudonsela phansi kancane ngokwakho ngokwehlisa imoto, ukushintsha (noma ukulungisa, kodwa lokhu akuvamile) iziphethu (yingakho sibeka emifushane). Yazi kwabafundayo ukuthi uma ufuna ukuba phezulu, kuyanconywa ukuthi uthenge e-KW noma e-Bilstein.

Ngenxa yenjini eyomile ye-sump, injini yeFerrari ingabekwa ngaphansi ngisho nangaphezulu!

Qaphela amabhokisi ophahleni ashintsha ukuphakama kwesikhungo se-gravity. Lapho igcwala kakhulu, kuzodingeka uqaphe kakhulu.

I-wheelbase / chassis

Yiqiniso, umklamo we-chassis kanye ne-undercarriage ibalulekile ekubambeni okuhle, kodwa lapha sifika olwazini lwezobuchwepheshe nolwazi olubaluleke kakhulu, futhi engingakwazi ukuhlala kulo ngemininingwane eminingi (noma kunjalo, ulwazi oluthile lapha) . ..

Singase sikhulume ngezinye zezingxenye zayo, njenge-wheelbase (ibanga eliphakathi kwamasondo angaphambili nangemuva). Uma iphezulu, imoto izuza ukuzinza ngesivinini esikhulu, kodwa ilahlekelwa ukulawula okuncane ngokuphenduka okuncane (ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ibhasi noma i-limousine). Ngakho-ke, kufanele ibe nkulu ngokwanele, kodwa ingabi nkulu kakhulu, uma sifuna ibhalansi enhle phakathi kokushesha nokuzinza (ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso phakathi kobubanzi bethrekhi nobude be-wheelbase akumele kuhluke kakhulu). I-Wheelbase ende inomthelela ku-understeer. Ukwengeza, lapho amasondo esemaphethelweni e-chassis (i-overhang emfushane), indlela engcono yokubamba umgwaqo kanye nokulawula ukunyakaza komzimba okungcono (empeleni akulula kangako), kodwa lokhu kuhlala kuyisici "sokuphumula".

I-3 Series ine-compromise enhle evumela ukuthi bobabili balondoloze isivinini esiphansi sokuhamba ngenkathi behambisa ngaphezu kuka-200 km / h.

I-7 Series, njenge-Tasliman, inikezela ngokusula i-understeer effect ngenxa ye-wheelbase yayo ende ngokunikeza amasondo angemuva aqinile.

Uma iMini isebenza ngendlela emangalisayo ngesivinini esisesilinganisweni, kudinga inhliziyo eqinile ukuzama ukuphakama ku-200 km/h ... Khona-ke ukuzinza kuzophazamiseka futhi nokushayisana okuncane esiteringini kungase kusabisa.

Ukuqiniswa kwe-chassis: ama-anti-roll bar kanye ne-transverse bar

Le migoqo emibili ithinta ukuziphatha kwemoto futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ikhwalithi yokusingatha kwayo. I-strut brace (engaba ngaphambili nangemuva, noma ngisho naphakathi nekhabhini emqhudelwaneni) yenza i-chassis iqine kakhulu. Sibe sesizwa ukuthi imoto iqine kakhulu, umuzwa we-chassis (ongaphezulu noma ngaphansi) uyanyamalala ('igingqika' kancane). Uzokwazi ukuyibona (uma unayo) ngokuvula ihood, ixhuma amakhanda amabili angaphambili abambezela ukushaqeka agijima phezu kwenjini. Ngakho-ke inhloso yokuqondisa ukuhlanganisa, ukuqinisa ukwakheka komzimba ngokuhambisa izakhi ezindaweni ezithile zamasu (lawo amasondo amaphuzu athatha imingcele eminingi, okunengqondo njengoba ethwala imoto)

Nasi i-spacer eneziqephu ezimbili. I-boom ingaphinde iqonde ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye kubhulokhi eyodwa, ngokungafani nesithombe esingenhla. Ngamafuphi, sikhuluma ngokuxhunywa kwezisekelo ezibamba i-chassis.

lapha sisenkundleni yokuncintisana nemoto elungiswe yiDelage. I-bar caliber iyazikhulumela...

Ebizwa nangokuthi i-anti-roll bar, i-anti-roll bar itholakala cishe kuzo zonke izimoto zokukhiqiza, ngokungafani ne-brace oyithola ku-BMW 3 Series, kodwa empeleni hhayi kwi-Golf ... . Lokhu akuwona umgomo, ngoba kufanele kube khona ubuncane be-roll (ukunakekela ukuthi kungabi kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ngakho-ke kubonakale kumshayeli). Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngokuvamile, imoto esebenza kahle kakhulu (njenge-supercar), i-anti-roll bar izoqina kakhulu (njengoba izobe ingaphansi kwemithwalo ephakeme, kufanele imelane kakhulu nokuguqulwa).

Futhi nansi i-anti-roll bar, ekhonjiswa imicibisholo emhlophe.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo

Umgomo omkhulu wanoma iyiphi imoto ukuba nesisindo sokusabalalisa 50/50 noma u-50% wesisindo esingaphambili futhi esisele ngemuva (noma ngokuncinza kancane ngemuva uma kuwukuqhutshwa okukhulu kokuthuthukisa ukudonsa okugcwele komthwalo). Futhi indlela elula yokwenza lokhu ukubeka injini ngemuva, njenganoma yimuphi umqeqeshi omkhulu ozihloniphayo. Kodwa-ke, amanye ama-sedans anenjini yangaphambili angakwazi ukwenza lokhu: ngokuvamile kuyindaba yesistimu ye-propulsion, ngoba ukudluliselwa okuya ngemuva kuvumela ukusabalalisa okungcono kakhulu kwesisindo (ukudonsa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunawo wonke isisindo ngaphambili, kusukela konke. imishini eklanyelwe ukusunduza kwayo ingaphansi kwesivalo). Uma injini ingaphambili, umgomo kuzoba ukuyibuyisela emuva kakhulu (ngakho ibheke kumshayeli) kusetshenziswa lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi i-longitudinal architecture.

I-Gallardo ngokusobala inenjini ephakathi nendawo, ngokuphambene nomdwebo ongezansi, obonisa imoto yendabuko enenjini yangaphambili (eyonga kakhulu futhi iyasebenza. Nokho, iyinguqulo ye-longitudinal injini / powerplant, ngakho-ke ihloniphekile). Qaphela ukuthi lokhu kuholela ekuziphatheni okuthile okungadida kubantu abangajwayelekile. Amasondo angemuva nawo abanzi, njengoba kuvame ukuba njalo ngama-powertrains asebenza kahle kakhulu (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi injini ephakathi / yangemuva noma cha).

Ingqikithi yesisindo / isisindo

Isisindo sisonke singenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho usiphatha. Yingakho izitebele zomjaho zifuna amakhilogremu, lapho i-carbon fiber iyinkanyezi! Iqinile ngokwedlulele futhi impahla engasindi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngeshwa, indlela yayo yokukhiqiza iyinqaba kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zendabuko. Lena ngempela indwangu edinga ukulolongwa ngendlela oyifunayo. Uma isilungile, ifakwa kuhhavini bese iqina. Ngenxa yalokho, ayikwazi ukukhandwa futhi izindleko zokuwenza/ukukhiqiza zinkulu kakhulu.

Yile ndlela i-carbon fiber ebukeka ngayo ngaphandle kopende.

Kodwa uma isisindo sibonakala siyisitha, akusiyo njalo ... Ngempela, ngesivinini esikhulu kuba umngane obalulekile! Kodwa lokhu kuthinta i-aerodynamics, futhi kulokhu ukwehla kwamandla.

Ama-absorber absorck

Ama-absorber othusayo / ukumiswa cishe njengokunquma kunamathayi okuphatha. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukugcina isondo lixhumene kahle nomgwaqo ngaphandle kokugxuma (lapho isondo lihlala linamathele emgwaqeni, siba namandla okubambelela). Ngoba ngempela, uma ukumiswa kwethu bekuhlanganisa iziphethu ezinqamulelayo kuphela, besizothatha amabhampa ejubane noma aphansi anomthelela omkhulu wokumpompa (imoto ihamba iye emuva naphambili isuka phansi iye phezulu kuwo wonke amaqhubu) ukuze igijime)… (i-shock absorber pistons) exhunywe nesiphethu, umphumela we-rebound uyacindezelwa. Ngeshwa, ingabuya kancane lapho ukushaqeka sekugugile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukushintsha ngesikhathi esifanele. Lokhu kuzoncika ku-mileage, iminyaka, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemoto (uma ushiya imoto yakho egaraji inganyakazi, izinto zokudonsa ukushaqeka, njengamathayi namarabha athile, zivame ukuguga).

Ngakho-ke, indima ye-shock absorber ukulandela ngokuphelele umgwaqo kungakhathaliseki ukungalingani, futhi umgomo ukugcina amasondo ehlangene ne-asphalt 100% yesikhathi.

Futhi ukumiswa...

Ukumiswa komoya kwemoto kwenziwa eziphethwini. Uma kuyimoto engaphansi, kuzomele zishintshwe zibe ezifushane nezipholile. Esimweni esinjalo, ukuziphatha kuba ngcono kakhulu, ngisho noma induduzo ilahlekile. Ifakwe ngale ndlela, ngisho nemoto evamile ingaqala ukunikeza ukusebenza okumangalisayo (lokhu kungabonakala emibuthanweni yezimfundamakhwela, lapho ezinye izimoto ezincane zenza izimangaliso). Ngokusobala, ukungabeki intengo kumasondo amahle kuzosiza kancane ...

Ukuqina / ukuguquguquka

Umthetho oyisisekelo uwukuthi lapho ukudambisa kakhulu kuyanda, ukulawula kusebenza kahle (ngaphakathi kwemingcele ethile, yiqiniso, njengakunoma iyiphi insimu ...). Futhi kuzoba ngcono ngesivinini esiphezulu (okubangela ukwehla kwamandla okunciphisa kakhulu), kodwa futhi nokukhawulela ukunyakaza komzimba we-parasitic okuphonsa imoto ngaphandle kokulingana.

Qaphela, nokho ... Emigwaqweni eyonakele, ukumiswa okuthambile ngezinye izikhathi kunikeza ukuphatha okungcono (ngakho-ke ukudonsa okungcono) kunokulengiswa okuqinile, okungase kubangele umphumela wokuphinda ubuyele emuva.

Le Subaru inokumiswa okuvumelana nezimo, naphezu kwezakhi zayo zofuzo zezemidlalo. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi "agibele" kangcono emigwaqweni eyonakele. Izimoto ze-rally ziyisibonelo esihle salokhu. Kodwa-ke, kuthrekhi esesimweni esiphelele, kuzoba nzima kakhulu kuye ukusetha i-lap enhle ngenxa yokunyakaza komzimba ngokweqile.

I-axle eqinile / engaqinile / enezixhumanisi eziningi

Ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwe-ekseli izophinde ibe nomthelela wokubamba umgwaqo (kodwa futhi nenani lemoto ...). Kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ama-ekseli aqinile futhi aqinile kancane ayizinhlelo ezonga kakhulu, kodwa futhi anenqwaba ye-ekseli yangemuva (enikeza indawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe). Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwazo akubalulekile kunenqubo yeziteshi eziningi, ethuthuke kakhulu ngokobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo, kuVolkswagen Golf 7 ithengiswa ngohlobo oluqinile (sikhuluma kuphela nge-axle yangemuva lapha) enenjini ye-TSI ene-122 hp. kanye nenjini enezixhumanisi eziningi ezeqa la mandla. Futhi qaphela ukuthi isistimu ye-multi-link inikeza ukunethezeka okwengeziwe emigwaqweni engalungile.

Ama-ekseli aqinile awasasetshenziselwa ama-ekseli angaphambili, noma ama-asi angemuva ngaleyo ndaba. Kusukela manje, ama-axles e-Macpherson asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi i-axle yangaphambili, evumela isikhala njengoba uhlelo lunzima kakhulu (kukhona ne-wishbone ephindwe kabili).

Ngakho-ke, i-axle yangemuva ngokuvamile ine-axle eqinile, enikeza induduzo eyengeziwe nokuguquguquka kwe-kinematics yabo kune-axle eqinile ngokuphelele engase icatshangwe manje. Qaphela ukuthi i-semi-rigid axle ingasetshenziswa kuphela uma kuyi-traction drive. Ngakho-ke, yi-multi-link axle ehlala isebenza kahle kakhulu uma kuziwa ezimotweni ze-premium. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okungcono, kodwa okungavamile (sibona okuningi ku-Ferrari), i-axle ye-wishbone ephindwe kabili ethuthukisa ngokwengeziwe ukuqina komgwaqo futhi ivumela izilungiselelo ezithuthuke kakhulu (kodwa ithatha isikhala esiningi). Qaphela ukuthi i-S-Class ka-2013 ine-double wishbones ngaphambili kanye nokumiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi ngemuva. IFerrari inama- wishbone amabili ngaphambili nangemuva.

Uma uxuba amabhulashi phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimbazo, thatha uhambo olusheshayo lapha.

I-Traction / Propulsion / Idrayivu enamasondo amane

Kwabangenalwazi, angikukhumbuze ukuthi ukudonsa kusho ukuthi amasondo okushayela angaphambili. Ukuze uqhube, amasondo angemuva ashayela umshini.

Uma lokho kungenandaba ngempela amandla aphansi wehhashi, kusafanele kuvunywe ukuthi kuzoba ngcono ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo kudrayivu yamasondo angemuva, njengoba izakhi (ezinesisindo) ezenza amasondo angemuva ajike zikhona. ngemuva, okuthi kancane ilingane nesisindo senjini etholakala ngaphambili ...

Futhi ubani othi ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo esingcono kusho ibhalansi engcono ngakho-ke ukuphatha okungcono. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, endaweni eshelelayo kakhulu njengeqhwa, ithrafikhi ingacasula ngokushesha (ngaphandle kwalabo abafuna ukujabulisa igalari nge-skid, uma kunjalo iphelele!).

Okokugcina, yazi ukuthi i-thrust ingcono kakhulu uma kuziwa ezinjinini ezinamandla zangaphakathi. Ngempela, kulokhu kucushwa, amandla adluliswa kangcono kakhulu. I-traction izolahlekelwa ukudonsa kanye nokushibilika ngokushesha nje lapho usheshisa kakhulu (ikakhulukazi ingaphambili lizowohloka uma lisebenza ngokweqile). Yingakho i-Audi ijwayele ukunikeza izinhlobo zayo ezinamandla enguqulweni ye-Quattro (4x4) noma ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izinhlelo ezinamandla zokudonsa zinokuhluka okulinganiselwe ngaphambili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, siyakhumbula ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwezixuku kubi kakhulu ngokunamathela (konke kutholakala ngaphambili).

Sengiphetha, ake sikhulume ngamasondo onke. Uma lokhu kwamuva kungasikisela ukuthi lokhu kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokucushwa, phela, akubonakali kangako ... Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ezindaweni ezishelelayo, idrayivu enamasondo amane iyohlale ingcono. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, emgwaqeni owomile, uzojeziswa nge-understeer ... Futhi-ke i-four-wheel drive ihlale inzima kancane, ayinhle kakhulu.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi, izinhlobo ezisebenzisa powertrains cishe ehlelekile kukhona BMW futhi Mercedes. I-Audi ayibonakali ingeyena umlandeli (isakhiwo senjini esikhethekile esikhuthaza ukudonsa) ngisho nezimoto ezinenjini yobude futhi izinkampani ezinkulu azikwazi ukuzikhokhela noma imali engenayo yamakhasimende kufanele ikhuphuke! Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngombono wokuklama kwangaphakathi, uhlelo lokuqhubeza alukhulisi isikhala esizonikezwa abagibeli nemithwalo.

Amasondo / Amasondo

Anilona neze iningi lalabo ababeka inani eliphakeme amathayi abo ngoba ngokuvamile umgomo uwukukhokha kancane ngangokunokwenzeka (futhi ngiyaqonda ukuthi asinawo sonke amandla afanayo okuthenga!). Nokho, njengoba ubungalindela, anendima ebalulekile ekusakazweni kwawo.

Izinsini ezibuhlungu

Okokuqala, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamathayi asekela ukubekezela (izinga lokugqoka) noma ukubamba umgwaqo, futhi kufanele wazi ukuthi kuye ngokuthi isizini kufanele uguqule amathayi akho, ngoba izinga lokushisa linomthelela oqondile ekubunjweni….

Ngakho-ke, uma ufaka amathayi athambile, ngokuvamile uzokwazi ukulawuleka kangcono, kodwa amathayi akho azoguga ngokushesha (uma ngihlikihla ukhuni ku-asphalt luguga ngokushesha kunalapho ngihlikihla ucezu. I-Titanium ... Isibonelo i-atypical kancane, kodwa inenzuzo yokukwenza kucace ukuthi uma isondo lithambile, liguga nakakhulu endaweni egandayiwe). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isondo eliqinile lizomelana isikhathi eside kodwa lingabambeki kancane lazi ukuthi libi nakakhulu ebusika (irabha iba lukhuni njengokhuni!).

Nokho, njengoba u-Einstein azi kahle, yonke into ihlobene! Ngakho-ke, ukuthamba kufanele kukhethwe kuye ngokuthi izinga lokushisa langaphandle kanye nesisindo semoto. Isondo elithambile elibukeka lilihle emotweni elula lizohamba kancane kakhulu kunelisindayo, elizovame ukuwahlanekezela kakhulu uma ushayela ngamandla. Kuyafana nezinga lokushisa: isondo elithambile liyoba lukhuni ngaphansi komkhawulo othile (yingakho ukuba khona kwamathayi asebusika, ukuthamba kwawo okulawulwa ngokwamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu: emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile athambile kakhulu futhi aguge njengeqhwa ilanga).

Ukubazwa kwama-erasers

Amathayi abushelelezi awavunyelwe, kodwa kufanele wazi ukuthi amathayi omile angcono kakhulu (ngaphandle uma edonswa ngentambo futhi ugibele ama-braids ...), okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-slick. Eqinisweni, lapho uthintana kakhulu nomhlabathi, kuba ngcono ukubamba umgwaqo. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ama-ridge ekhishwa emathayini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokushesha nje lapho lina, kuyadingeka ukukwazi ukupompa amanzi phakathi komgwaqo kanye nesondo, ngakho-ke ukubaluleka okuyinhloko kwalawa ma-ridges namuhla (emabala kuyi-roller eqinisekisiwe).

Ngokuphathelene namathayi ngamanye, ngiphakamisa ukuthi ubone izigaba eziningana ezahlukene lapha. Uma ufuna ukusebenza kahle futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuphepha, nikeza okuthandwayo okuthiwa amathayi avela iqondiswe.

Nali isondo eliqonde ngqo

Ukwehla kwamandla emali

Ukufutha amathayi kubalulekile. Uma zincishiswa kakhulu, kuzoba lula ukuthintana kwenqola yangaphansi nomgwaqo, okuzoholela ekugingqikeni. Ukwehla kwamandla emali okwedlulele kunciphisa indawo yokungqubuzana ngakho-ke kunciphisa ukubanjwa kwemigwaqo.

Ngakho-ke kufanele kutholwe ibhalansi, njengoba amathayi aphelelwe umoya ngaphansi abangela ukugingqika okuphawulekayo nokusonteka kwamasondo, kuyilapho ukufutheka ngokweqile kwehlisa indawo yokungqubuzana. Futhi, izinsini zakho ngeke zisebenze kahle kakhulu ...

Qaphela futhi ukuthi umfutho emathayini akho uyanda uma eshisa, lokhu kungenxa yokwanda komoyampilo okhona emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kulindeleke ukuthi ukucindezela okushisayo kuzoba ngaphezulu. Khona-ke ungakwazi ukugcwalisa amathayi nge-nitrogen ukuze ugweme lesi simo (imininingwane eyengeziwe lapha).

Ekugcineni, ukucindezela kufanele kuhambisane nomthwalo wakho. Uma ubeka isisindo ukuchotshozwa kwesondo kuzokwanda, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka unxephezele lokhu ngokwanda kokwehla kwamandla emali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyatuseka ukwehlisa amathayi uma ukubamba phansi kuba nokungazinzi: lokhu kunjalo, isibonelo, lapho ushayela esihlabathini noma endaweni eneqhwa kakhulu. Kodwa kulokhu, udinga ukuya phambili.

I-Размеры

Ubukhulu bamathayi akho, ngakho-ke kulokhu amarimu, nawo azoba nomthelela oqondile ekuziphatheni kwemoto yakho. Futhi ukwazi ukuthi usayizi werimu ungalingana osayizi abaningi bamathayi ... Khumbula ukuthi isondo lifundeka kanje:

225

/

60 R15

ngakho-ke

Ububanzi

/

Ukuzikhukhumeza Isifunda

, ukwazi ukuthi ukuphakama kuyiphesenti lobubanzi (esibonelo 60% ka-225 noma 135).

Lokhu kusho futhi ukuthi i-rim engama-intshi angu-15 ingakwazi ukuthwala osayizi abaningi bamathayi: 235/50 R15, 215/55 R15, njll. Ngokuyisisekelo, ububanzi buzohlotshaniswa (lokhu kungaphezu kokunengqondo) nobubanzi berimu, kodwa zingahluka kakhulu njengesibonelo, njengokuphakama kwesondo, okungahluka kusuka ku-30 ​​(%, ngikhumbula lokho) kuya ku-70 (akuvamile ukushiya lezi zilinganiso). Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi, asikwazi ukukhetha ngokuphelele osayizi bamathayi, kunemikhawulo okufanele ibhekwe njengoba kuboniswe umenzi. Ukuze uthole ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesondo olulungele wena, thintana nanoma yisiphi isikhungo sokulawula ubuchwepheshe, bazokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinketho onazo. Uma ungawulandeli lo mthetho, uzohluleka futhi ube sengozini yokuthola imoto elinganiselayo kancane (lezi zindinganiso azilona ize).

Uma sibuyela ekuphatheni, sivame ukubona ukuthi uma ububanzi buba banzi, sizoba nokubambelela okwengeziwe. Futhi kunengqondo, ngoba lapho ingaphezulu lesondo lithintana nomgwaqo, ubamba kakhulu! Nokho, lokhu kwandisa i-aquaplaning futhi kunciphisa ukukhiqiza (ukungqubuzana okwengeziwe = isivinini esincane emandleni athile). Uma kungenjalo, amasondo amancane kakhulu angcono eqhweni ... Uma kungenjalo, okubanzi, kungcono!

Ekugcineni, kukhona ukuphakama kwe-sidewall yesondo. Lapho kuncipha kakhulu (siwabiza ngokuthi amathayi aphansi), ukuhlanekezela kancane kwamasondo (okunengqondo futhi), okunciphisa umzimba.

Ngokusobala, konke lokhu kusebenza ngezilinganiso ezifanele. Uma ubeka ama-intshi angu-22 emotweni yakudala, ukuphatha kungase kuncishiswe. Akwanele ukubeka i-rim enkulu ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa ngangokunokwenzeka, kuye ngokuthi i-chassis yemoto. Enye i-chassis izosebenza kangcono ngama-intshi angu-17, abanye 19…. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuthola isicathulo esifanele ezinyaweni zengane yakho, futhi ngeke kube yiso esikhulu kunazo zonke okudingeka usikhethe!

Kuye ngesimo sezulu

Ngakho-ke, lapho lina, kuhle ukuba namasondo anephethini yokunyathela evumela ukugeleza kwamanzi okuphezulu. Futhi, njengoba ngishilo, ububanzi bungaba bubi lapha, njengoba bukhuthaza i-aquaplaning: "i-underside" yamathayi isusa amanzi amancane kunawatholayo. Kukhona ukunqwabelana ngaphansi kwazo, ngakho-ke ungqimba lwamanzi amafomu phakathi kwe-undercarriage nomgwaqo ...

Ekugcineni, iqhwa lithuthukisa lo mphumela: uma amathayi aba mncane, ngcono. Ngokufanelekile, udinga ukuba nezinsini ezithambile kakhulu, futhi ngezinzipho lokhu kuba usizo kakhulu.

Isisindo se-rim

Lesi yisici esivame ukusikhohlwa: izisindo zamasondo ezikhulu kakhulu zingabangela inertia ethile eyinqaba ekuziphatheni kwemoto: amasondo abonakala efuna ukugcina imoto isendleleni. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ugweme ukufaka amarimu amasondo amakhulu emotweni yakho, noma kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi isisindo sawo sihlala sisesilinganisweni. Zenziwe zibe lula ngezinto eziningi, njenge-magnesium noma i-aluminium.

Ama-Aerodynamics

I-aerodynamics yemoto ingasiza ukugcina umgwaqo ungcono njengoba ijubane likhuphuka. Ngempela, ukwakheka kwephrofayili yemoto kungavumela ukwesekwa okukhulu kwe-aerodynamic, okusho ukuthi imoto izocindezelwa phansi ngenxa yokuma kwephiko lendiza elihlanekezelwe (uma sikhuluma nje). Uma eshaya noma eshayisana nomhlabathi, amathayi asuke exhumene kakhulu nomgwaqo, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa ukudonsa. Ngakho-ke, sizama ukwenza imoto ikhule ngesivinini esikhulu ukuze sizuze ukuzinza futhi singandizi. Yenza futhi i-F1 elula kakhulu ikwazi ukuphatha isivinini esikhulu. Ngaphandle kwe-aerodynamics ukuyibamba, kuzodingeka ihlanganiswe nesisindo esengeziwe ukugwema ukusuka. Futhi qaphela ukuthi isimiso esifanayo sisetshenziswa ukuze bakwazi ukujika okuqinile ngesivinini esikhulu, basebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphiko asemaceleni ukuze bajike besebenzisa i-lift ekhiqizwa umoya. Izimoto ze-F1 ziyingxube yemoto nokundiza.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele sivume ukuthi lokhu kuhlala kuyinganekwane ye-A7 ... I-spoiler ilapha kakhulu ukuzothopha umshayeli wayo!

Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ngaphansi kwemoto ene-diffuser eklanyelwe ukudala i-downforce (i-reverse lift). Imoto ibe isiwela phansi ngenxa yomphumela ophansi.

Ukubhuleka

I-Braking idlala indima ebalulekile ekuziphatheni kwemoto. Uma ama-disc nama-pads emakhulu, kuzoba khona ukungqubuzana okwengeziwe: kuzoba ngcono ukubhuleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-disc angena umoya kanye nama-disc abhoboziwe kahle kufanele akhethwe (izimbobo zisheshisa ukupholisa). I-Braking ihlanganisa ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic (inertia yemoto egijimayo) ibe ukushisa ngenxa yokungqubuzana phakathi kwamaphedi namadiski. Uma wazi kangcono ukuthi upholisa kanjani uhlelo, lusebenza kahle kakhulu ... Izinguqulo zekhabhoni / ze-ceramic azikuvumeli ukuthi ubhuleki zibe mfushane, kodwa zimelana kakhulu nokugqoka nokushisa. Ekugcineni, kungase kube ukonga kakhulu ngoba umjikelezo udla amadiski ensimbi ngokushesha okukhulu!

Ulwazi olwengeziwe lapha.

Izimoto ezonga kakhulu zihlala emiphongolweni. Asebenzanga kahle futhi abukhali, kodwa alungele izimoto ezincane, ezinamandla amancane (njengeCaptur).

Ezogesi: sibonga ubuchwepheshe!

Labo abangazithandi ngokweqile izinto zikagesi ngeke bajabule, kodwa kufanele sivume ukuthi kuthuthukisa ukuziphatha kwezimoto zethu, hhayi ngendlela engavamile! Isondo ngalinye lilawulwa nge-elekthronikhi, elingakwazi ukubhuleka isondo ngalinye ngokuzimela, bheka lapha. Ngakho, ukulahlekelwa ukulawula kwenzeka kancane kakhulu kunangaphambili.

I-ABS: ayinakushintshwa!

I-ABS isiza ukuvimba amasondo ukuthi angakhiyki uma umshayeli ebhuleka kakhulu (imvamisa i-reflexively), okuningi kulokhu kusebenza lapha. Iwusizo kangangokuthi ayicishi ezimotweni zesimanje, ngokungafani ne-ESP. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuyisusa ngeke kusebenze.

I-Emergency Brake Assist (AFU)

Siyini lesi silo? Sisanda kukhuluma nge-ABS, lesi siphazamisi singahambisana nani? Nokho, labo abacwaninga ngezingozi bathole ukuthi abashayeli abaningi bayakugwema ukucindezela ibhuleki kanzima esimweni esiphuthumayo ngenxa yokwesaba ukuvimba amasondo (njenge-ABS yobuchopho bakho!). Ukuze balungise lokhu, bahlela uhlelo oluncane olubona ukuthi umshayeli unesidingo esiphuthumayo sokubhuleka (ngokubheka ukunyakaza kwama-brake pedals). Uma ikhompuyutha ibona isidingo, izonciphisa imoto ngangokunokwenzeka, esikhundleni sokuvumela umshayeli ukuba "ashayeke" esivimbelweni esingaphambili. Amasondo awakhiyiwe, ngoba kulokhu konke kusebenza ne-ABS. Incazelo eyengeziwe lapha.

ESP

I-ESP ifana nokuhlanganiswa kwe-Gran Turismo (umdlalo wevidiyo) kanye nemoto yakho. Manje njengoba onjiniyela sebekwazile ukulingisa i-physics yezinto kumakhompuyutha (ngakho-ke bakha imidlalo yemoto engokoqobo kakhulu, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kunjalo ...), bacabanga ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ukusiza abantu abakhubazekile. Inkambu yokucubungula idatha. Ngempela, lapho i-chip ithola (isebenzisa izinzwa) ukunyakaza kwesondo ngalinye, indawo, isivinini, ukubamba, njll., uMuntu uzozwa ingxenye encane yazo zonke lezi zici.

Ngenxa yalokho, lapho abantu benza iphutha noma befuna ukujika ngesivinini esikhulu (futhi iphutha), umshini uhumusha lokhu futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zigcina ziba ngcono. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzolawula isondo lamabhuleki ngesondo, enekhono lokuwabhula ngokuzimela, okuyinto umuntu angeke akwazi ukuyenza (ngaphandle kwama-pedals ama-4 ...). Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nalesi simiso, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde lesi sihloko.

Ngakho-ke, kuthuthukisa ukuziphatha ngokunciphisa umphumela we-oversteer ne-understeer, okubalulekile! Futhi, uma i-flywheel 130 enonya yayikuthumelela eklabishi, manje sekuphelile! Uzofika lapho ukhomba khona imoto futhi ngeke usakwazi ukuzungeza okungalawuleki.

Kusukela lapho, senze inqubekelaphambili eyengeziwe endaweni ye-torque vectoring (bheka isigaba sokugcina).

Ukumiswa okusebenzayo: phezulu!

Ngakho-ke, lapha sifinyelela okuhle kakhulu okwenziwe emhlabeni wezimoto! Uma i-DS isungula isimiso, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi siye saxhunyaniswa nezinto zikagesi ukuze kuzuzwe izinga elimangalisayo lobunkimbinkimbi.

Okokuqala, kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise ukudambisa ama-absorbers othusayo kuye ngokuthi ufuna ukunethezeka noma umdlalo (ngakho-ke ukubamba komgwaqo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvumela, ngenxa ye-corrector yokulinganisa, ukugwema ukunyakaza komzimba ngokweqile (ukuncika kakhulu lapho ugoqa), okwandisa kakhulu ukuzinza nokuzinza emgwaqeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-S-Class ka-2013 ifunda umgwaqo futhi ibona amaqhubu ukuze kuthambise ukuthambisa empukaneni ... Kungcono!

Ulwazi olwengeziwe lapha.

Vele, kufanele kwenziwe umehluko lapha phakathi kwezithasiselo zokushaqeka ezilungisekayo kanye nokumiswa komoya. Ngakho-ke, ukumiswa okuyinhloko okusebenzayo kusekelwe kuphela kuma-absorbers ashintshwayo: i-electronics ingashintsha ukulinganisa kwe-shock absorbers, okuvumela amafutha ukuba adlule ngokushesha noma kancane phakathi kwamakamelo (kunezindlela eziningana zalokhu).

I-air suspension iqhubekela phambili, ihlanganisa ama-dampers ashintshwayo (okufanele, ngaphandle kwalokho ayenzi mqondo) futhi yengeza ama-airbag esikhundleni semithombo yamakhoyili.

I-torque vector?

Njengoba sekuyimfashini kakhulu, kumayelana nokusebenzisa uhlelo oluzimele lokubhuleka ngamasondo ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokujika. Impela, inhloso lapha wukwehlisa isondo langaphakathi uma lijika amakhona ukuze isondo langaphandle lithole i-torque ethe xaxa. Abaziyo ukuthi i-different isebenza kanjani bazoqonda ukuthi ngokwenza lokhu siphinde sikhulise i-torque edluliselwe esondweni langaphandle (umehluko uthumela amandla ku-axle enokumelana okuncane).

Yonke imibono nokuphendula

wokugcina amazwana athunyelwe:

JLUC (Usuku: 2021, 08:14:09)

Ngiyavuma ukuthi nginothando oluthile lwama-half-slickers. Zinobumnene obuncane ... futhi ziguga ngokushesha.

Ubumnene noma ububele? Lowo ngumbuzo :)

(Okuthunyelwe kwakho kuzobonakala ngaphansi kwamazwana ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa)

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