Susa umugqa wekhodi yokufa

Umthombo wobusha bukaHerodotus, uCuman Sibyl ka-Ovid, inganekwane kaGilgamesh - umqondo wokungafi usekelwe ekwazini kokudala kwesintu kusukela ekuqaleni. Namuhla, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukayo, intsha engafi ingase ilishiye ngokushesha izwe lezinganekwane futhi ingene ngokoqobo.

Umlandeli waleli phupho nenganekwane, phakathi kwezinye izinto, I-Movement 2045, eyasungulwa ngo-2011 ngusozigidi waseRussia UDmitry Ichkov. Umgomo wawo uwukwenza umuntu angafi ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe - empeleni, ngokudlulisela ukwazi nengqondo endaweni engcono kunomzimba womuntu.

Kunezindlela ezine eziyinhloko lapho umnyakazo uhamba khona emzamweni wokuzuza ukungafi.

Eyokuqala, ayibiza ngokuthi i-Avatar A, iklanyelwe ukunikeza ukulawula okukude kobuchopho bomuntu ngerobhothi elinobuntu ngokusebenzisa ubuchopho-computer interface (BKI). Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi kuye kwenzeka ukulawula amarobhothi ngamandla okucabanga iminyaka eminingi.

I-Avatar B, esikhundleni sokulawula ukude umzimba, iyafuna ukufakwa kobuchopho emzimbeni omusha. Kukhona ngisho nenkampani ye-Nectome ehlinzeka ngokuqoqwa nokugcinwa kobuchopho ukuze ibavuselele esikhathini esizayo ekufakweni okusha, i-biological noma umshini, nakuba lokhu kakade kuyisinyathelo esilandelayo, okuthiwa. okungajwayelekile.

I-Avatar C iyahlinzeka umzimba ozenzakalelayo ngokugcwelelapho ubuchopho (noma okuqukethwe okurekhodiwe ngaphambilini) kungalayishwa khona.

Umnyakazo ka-2045 nawo ukhuluma nge-Avatar D, kodwa lowo ngumbono ongacacile.ingqondo ayinandaba“Mhlawumbe into efana nehologram.

2045 (1), njengesikhathi sokuqala kwendlela eya "ekungafini ebunyeni", sivela ekucatshangelweni kwe-futurist edumile uRay Kurzweil (2), esikhulume kaningi ku-MT. Akukona nje ukucabanga? Mhlawumbe, kodwa lokhu akusikhululi emibuzweni - yini esiyidingayo futhi kusho ukuthini lokhu kumuntu ngamunye nakuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-homo sapiens?

UCuman Sybilla, owaziwayo e.g. kusukela emisebenzini ka-Ovid, wacela impilo ende, kodwa hhayi yobusha, okwagcina kuholele ekubeni aqalekise ubuphakade bakhe njengoba eguga futhi eshwabana. Emibonweni yekusasa yobunye, lapho umshini womuntu uhlanganiswa, kungase kungabi nandaba, kodwa Imizamo esekelwe ku-biotechnology yokwelula ukuphila namuhla izungeza inkinga yokuguga kanye nemizamo yokuhlehlisa le nqubo..

ISilicon Valley ayifuni ukufa

Osozigidigidi baseSilicon Valley, abaxhasa ngezimali ucwaningo lwezindlela nezindlela zokulwa nokuguga nokufa, babonakala bephatha le nkinga yobuchwepheshe njengenye inselele engaklanywa futhi ihlelwe ukuze kutholwe izixazululo ngempumelelo.

Nokho, ukuzimisela kwabo kuhlangatshezwana nokugxekwa okukhulu. Sean Parker, umsunguli we-Napster ephikisanayo futhi owayengumongameli wokuqala we-Facebook, waxwayisa eminyakeni emibili edlule ukuthi uma amaphupho ezigidigidi zokungafi egcwaliseka, ukungafani kwemali engenayo kanye nokufinyelela ezindleleni zokwandisa impilo kungaholela ekujuleni kokungalingani kanye nokuvela "kokungafi". master class" ejabulela inzuzo ngaphezu koquqaba. abangakwazi ukujabulela ukungafi.

Umsunguli we-Google Sergey Brin, Oracle CEO Larry Ellison Oraz U-Elon Musk nokho, bahlala betshala imali kumaphrojekthi ahlose ukukhulisa isilinganiso sokuphila komuntu sibe yi-120 futhi kwesinye isikhathi iminyaka eyi-XNUMX. Ukuze bamukele ukuthi nakanjani bazofa wukwamukela ukunqotshwa.

"Uma ngizwa bonke abathi ukufa kungokwemvelo futhi kuyingxenye yokuphila, ngicabanga ukuthi akukho okungaba ngaphezu kweqiniso," kusho umsunguli nomtshali we-PayPal ngo-2012. Peter Thiel (3) kuwebhusayithi yeBusiness Insider.

Kuye nabaningi abafana naye i-silicon ecebile, "ukufa kuyinkinga engaxazululwa."

Ngo-2013, i-Google yethula inkampani engaphansi kwayo i-Calico (California Life Company) ngomnikelo ka-$XNUMX bhiliyoni. Kuncane okwaziwayo ngemisebenzi yenkampani. Siyazi ukuthi ilandelela impilo yamagundane aselabhorethri kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ekufeni, izama ukuhlonza "ama-biomarker" amakhemikhali e-biochemical anesibopho sokuguga. Uzama nokwenza izidakamizwa, kuhlanganisa. ngokumelene nesifo i-Alzheimer's.

Eminye yemibono yokwelula impilo, nokho, izwakala iyimpikiswano ukusho okuncane. Isibonelo, sekuvele kunezinkampani eziningi ezisebenzayo ucwaningo ngemiphumela yokumpontshelwa igazi kusukela kwabancane, abantu abanempilo (ikakhulukazi abaneminyaka engu-16-25) ukuya egazini labacebile asebekhulile. Lo oshiwo ngenhla uPeter Thiel ngokusobala waba nesithakazelo kulezi zindlela, ngemva kokusekela ukuqaliswa kwe-Ambrosia (4). Ngokushesha ngemva kwegagasi lesithakazelo kule "vampirism", i-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ikhiphe isitatimende sokuthi lezi zinqubo "azinazo izinzuzo zomtholampilo ezifakazelwe" futhi "zingase zibe yingozi."

Kodwa-ke, umbono we-nomen omen awufi. Ngo-2014, umcwaningi waseHarvard Amy Wagerswaphetha ngokuthi izici ezihlobene negazi elincane, ikakhulukazi amaprotheni GDF11, nika amagundane amadala ukubamba okuqinile futhi uthuthukise ubuchopho bawo. Lokhu kwabhekana nokugxekwa okubanzi, futhi imiphumela yethulwa yabuzwa. Kusukela ekuhlolweni kwegazi, i-Alkahest yaziwa futhi, ebibheka ama-protein cocktails ku-plasma yegazi ngezifo zeminyaka yobudala, njengesifo i-Alzheimer's.

Enye indawo yocwaningo umlando, ohlotshaniswa (okungelona iqiniso) Inganekwane ye-Frozen Walt Disney. Esimweni socwaningo lwamanje ngemiphumela yamazinga okushisa aphansi

Igama likaThiel liyavela futhi, futhi uzimisele ukuxhasa izinkampani ezenza lolu hlobo locwaningo. Futhi akukhona nje ngocwaningo - sekunezinkampani eziningi ezinikezelayo isevisi yokuqandisanjenge-Alcor Life Extension Foundation, i-Cryonics Institute, i-Suspended Animation noma i-KrioRus. Izindleko zesevisi enjalo ye-Alcor Life Extension Foundation cishe zi-PLN 300. I-PLN ngekhanda ngalinye kuphela noma ngaphezulu 700 izinkulungwane ngomzimba wonke. 

Kurzweil i Aubrey de Gray (5), usosayensi we-Cambridge bioinformatics kanye ne-biogerontologist-theorist, umsunguli we-SENS Foundation kanye nomsunguli we-Methuselah Foundation, unohlelo olufanayo lwezimo eziphuthumayo uma umsebenzi wokungafi ungaqhubeki phambili ngokushesha ngendlela oyifunayo. Lapho zifa, zizofakwa eqhweni ku-nitrogen ewuketshezi neziyalezo zokuzivusa kuphela lapho isayensi isikwazi ukungafi.

Inyama yaphakade noma ukungafi emotweni

Ososayensi abahilelekile ekwandiseni ukuphila bakholelwa ukuthi ukuguga akuwona umgomo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo njengoba ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kungayixazululi nhlobo le nkinga. Senziwe ukuba siphile isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba sidlulisele ufuzo - futhi okwenzeka ngokulandelayo akunandaba ngempela. Ngokombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kusukela eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu noma amane, sikhona ngaphandle kwenhloso ethile.

Abaningi okuthiwa izimpawu zezinja ibheka ukuguga hhayi njengenqubo yezinto eziphilayo kodwa engokwenyama, njengohlobo lwe-entropy olucekela phansi izinto, njengemishini. Futhi uma sisebenzelana nohlobo lomshini, bekungeke yini kufane nekhompyutha? Mhlawumbe kwanele ukuyithuthukisa, ukwandisa amathuba, ukwethembeka kanye nesikhathi sewaranti?

Inkolelo yokuthi kufanele kube yinto efana nohlelo kunzima ukuyisusa emiqondweni eqhutshwa i-algorithmically ye-Silicon Valley. Ngokokucabanga kwabo, kwanele ukulungisa noma ukwengeza ikhodi engemuva kwezimpilo zethu. Izimpumelelo ezifana nabacwaningi base-Columbia University abamemezele ngo-March ukuthi babhale lonke uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhompiyutha kunethiwekhi ye-DNA kuphela kuqinisekisa le nkolelo. Uma i-DNA imane iyifolda enkulu yazo zonke izincwadi ezisekela ukuphila, kungani inkinga yokufa ingaxazululeki ngezindlela ezaziwa ngesayensi yama-computer?

Ama-immortal ngokuvamile awela emakamu amabili. Okokuqala ingxenye "yenyama".eholwa ngu-de Gray okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla. Ukholelwa ukuthi singakwazi ukwenza kabusha ibhayoloji yethu futhi sihlale emizimbeni yethu. Uphiko lwesibili yilona okuthiwa Ama-Robocops, eholwa nguKurzweil, enethemba lokuthi ekugcineni izoxhuma emishinini kanye / noma ifu.

Ukungafi kubonakala kuyiphupho nesifiso esikhulu nesingakhathali sesintu. Kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela?

Ngonyaka odlule isazi sofuzo Nir Barzilai wethula idokhumentari ekhuluma ngokuphila isikhathi eside, wabe esebuza abantu abangamakhulu amathathu ehholo:

"Emvelweni, ukuphila isikhathi eside nokukhiqiza ezinye izindlela," esho. - Ungathanda ukukhetha ukuba khona okuphakade, kodwa ngaphandle kokuzala, ukuzala, uthando, njll., noma inketho, isibonelo, iminyaka engu-85, kodwa empilweni eqhubekayo kanye nokugcinwa kwalokho okudingayo ukungafi?

Abantu abayi-10-15 kuphela abaphakamise izandla zabo ngenketho yokuqala. Abanye babengalifuni iphakade ngaphandle kwayo yonke into abantu abaningi.