Uhlobo lwe-U-Booty IA

U 26 w 1936 g.r.

Ngokudlula ukuvinjelwa kokukhiqizwa kwemikhumbi-ngwenya ebekwe eJalimane, i-Reichsmarine yanquma, ngaphansi kokulawula kwayo, ukwakha i-prototype e-Cadiz yeSpain enobungane futhi iqhube izivivinyo ezidingekayo ngokubamba iqhaza kochwepheshe baseJalimane, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqhuba ukuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo. yemikhumbi-ngwenya yayo. imikhumbi-ngwenya yesizukulwane esisha.

Ukuzalwa okufihliwe kuka-U-Bootwaffe

Isivumelwano sokuthula esasayinwa maphakathi no-1919, ngokuvamile esaziwa ngokuthi iSivumelwano SaseVersailles, senqabela iJalimane ekuklameni noma ekwakheni imikhumbi-ngwenya. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esithile ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ubuholi beReichsmarine banquma - naphezu kokuvinjelwa - ukusebenzisa isipiliyoni semboni yezokwakha imikhumbi yasekhaya ekwakhiweni nasekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi-ngwenya ngokusebenzisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nokubambisana namazwe anobungane, okufanele ngabe ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla aseJalimane. Ukubambisana kwamanye amazwe kwenziwa nge-Submarine Design Bureau Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw (IvS), eyasungulwa ngo-1922 futhi yaxhaswa ngasese ngezimali yi-German Navy. Abaqambi bayo bathuthukise imiklamo eminingana eminyakeni eyalandela, ebolekwe eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngo-1926, inkampani yangena esivumelwaneni sokwakhiwa kwamayunithi amabili eNetherlands eTurkey (iphrojekthi ye-Pu 2, eyayiwukuthuthukiswa kohlobo lokuqala lwezempi i-UB III), futhi ngo-46 inkontileka neFinland yokwakhiwa kwe-1927. amayunithi (iphrojekthi Pu 3, okwakuwukunwetshwa kwe-Yak III - iphrojekthi 89a; ngo-41, kwasayinwa inkontileka yokwakhiwa kwengxenye esogwini naseFinland - iphrojekthi 1930). Kuzo zombili izimo, amaphrojekthi ayewukuthuthukiswa kuphela izakhiwo ezindala.

NgoMeyi 1926, onjiniyela be-IVS baphinde baqala umsebenzi kumkhumbi-ngwenya ongamathani angu-640 wohlobo lwe-G, owaphazanyiswa ekupheleni kwempi, nge-364-ton UB III (Project 48). Idizayini yalokhu kufakwa kwesimanje yavusa isithakazelo seReichsmarine, okwathi ngawo lowo nyaka yayifaka ezinhlelweni zokufaka esikhundleni se-UB III eyayihlelwe ngaphambili.

Nakuba ukuhlolwa olwandle kwamayunithi akhiwe eNetherlands kwenziwa ngokuphelele yizisebenzi zaseJalimane futhi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe baseJalimane, isipiliyoni esitholwe ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa nokuhlolwa kweyunithi "yeSpanishi" sasizosetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi yesikhathi esizayo. umkhumbi wesimanje "we-Atlantic" wokwandisa amandla emikhumbi-ngwenya ecatshangwa amaJalimane - i-analogue ye-prototype unit yasogwini eyakhiwa kamuva eFinland (Vesikko). Ngaleso sikhathi, iJalimane yaqinisa imizamo yayo yokuqoqa ubuhlakani bokuthola ulwazi phesheya mayelana nobuchwepheshe obusha obuhlobene nomkhumbi-ngwenya futhi yaqinisa umkhankaso wayo wenkulumo-ze okuhloswe ngawo ukuvusa umbono womphakathi ngokumelene nemikhawulo yeSivumelwano SaseVersailles.

E 1 - "Spanish" prototype yomkhumbi-ngwenya wasolwandle.

Ngenxa yezidingo ezengeziwe ezibekwe Umbutho Wamasosha Wasemanzini waseJalimane kubaklami abavela ehhovisi le-IVS ukuze bakhulise amandla emoto, isivinini esiphezulu kanye nobubanzi bendiza, i-Project G (amathani angu-640) yanda cishe ngamathani ayi-100 amathangi kaphethiloli engeziwe. Ngenxa yalezi zinguquko, ububanzi bomkhumbi banda, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni engaphansi kwamanzi. Yonke imikhumbi eyakhiwe ngaphansi kobuholi be-IVS ifakwe izinjini zedizili ezivela enkampanini yaseJalimane i-MAN (ngaphandle kwamayunithi ama-3 eFinland, athola izinjini enkampanini yaseSweden i-Atlas Diesel), kodwa ngesicelo sohlangothi lwaseSpain lwe ikusasa E 1, babenezinjini zedizili ezine-stroke yemiklamo emisha ngumkhiqizi ngokwawo, ethola amandla amakhulu: M8B 40/46, ekhiqiza i-1400 hp. ngo 480 rpm.

Ngemva kwezinguquko eziningi zangaphambilini, ngoNovemba 1928 ihhovisi le-IvS lagcina liqambe igama elithi Pu 111 project Ech 21 (egameni likasomabhizinisi waseSpain uHoracio Echevarrieti Maruri, waseBasque owayehlala ngo-1870-1963, umnikazi wendawo yemikhumbi ye-Astilleros Larrinaga y Echevarrieta eCadiz), futhi kamuva i-Navy iqoke le phrojekthi njengo-E 1. Izikhali ze-torpedo zokufakwa zazihlanganisa amashubhu angu-4 namashubhu angu-2 ane-diameter (caliber) engu-53,3 cm, aguqulelwe uhlobo olusha lwama-torpedoes kagesi angamamitha angu-7 angazange akhulule. amabhamuza omoya azoveza inkambo ye-missile engaphansi kwamanzi.

Okuqanjwe okubaluleke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe kwasetshenziswa:

• i-torpedo yaphushwa ngaphandle kweshubhu ngepiston ebamba umoya yabe isidedelwa emkhunjini, iqeda ukwakheka kwamabhamuza angadalula indawo yomkhumbi-ngwenya odubula isibhamu;
• ikhono lokuhlanganisa amathangi e-ballast nge-diesel exhaust;
• ukulawulwa kwe-pneumatic kwama-valve okugcwalisa nokushuquliza amathangi e-ballast;
• ukushisela amathangi kawoyela kagesi (okubasela udizili namafutha okugcoba)
• ukuhlomisa umshini wokulalela ongaphansi kwamanzi kanye nomshini wokwamukela ukuxhumana ongaphansi kwamanzi;
• ukuhlomisa isistimu engaphansi kwamanzi ngethangi lokucwilisa elisheshayo.