"Wonder Weapon" kaMongameli Putin
Kusolwa ukuthi i-Ch-47M2 combat guided missile imisiwe ku-MiG-A-31BM chassis beam.
Lapho ngo-2002 i-United States ihoxa esivumelwaneni samazwe amabili esasayinwa ngo-1972 esinciphisa izinhlelo zokulwa nemicibisholo ngokwemibandela yobuningi nekhwalithi, iRussia yasigxeka kakhulu lesi sinqumo. Uveze ukubaluleka okuyisisekelo kokuvikela imicibisholo ekugcineni ibhalansi yamasu. Ngempela, ukunqwabelana okungalawuleki kwamakhono okulwa nemicibisholo kungase kuholele umnikazi wayo esiphethweni esinesizathu sokuthi impi yenuzi inganqotshwa ngokunqanda amakhanda ezikhali ezicitshwayo ezicitshwayo zesitha ezethulwe njengengxenye yesiteleka sokuziphindiselela. Lapho ukungagwemeki kokuziphindiselela kwenuzi kungasabonakali, ibhalansi yenuzi ebilokhu igcinwe iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-70 izobe ingasekho.
Iziphathimandla zaseRussia zimemezele ukuthi i-United States izothatha izinhlobo ezimbili zezenzo ekuphenduleni isinqumo: izoqala kabusha ukusebenza ezinhlelweni zokuvikela imicibisholo, futhi izophinde ithathe izinyathelo "zokugoma" izikhali zayo ngokumelene nokuvikela imicibisholo. izinhlelo ezicitshwayo.
Eminyakeni embalwa eyalandela, ulwazi mayelana nokwandiswa kwamakhono e-anti-missile aseRussia luvele luhlelekile: ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlelo ze-S-300W kwaqalwa kabusha, izinhlelo ze-S-300P ne-S-400 zanikezwa amandla alinganiselwe okulwa ne-missile, kwamenyezelwa. ukuthi uhlelo lwe-S-500 ngeke lube namandla okulwa nemicibisholo kuphela, kodwa futhi namandla okulwa nesathelayithi.
Kube nolwazi oluncane mayelana neqembu lesibili lezenzo ezibikiwe. Uhlelo lokudala imicibisholo emisha ye-ballistic eyethulwe ku-submarines 3M30 "Bulava" lwaqalwa ngaphandle kobunzima, imicibisholo ecitshwayo esekelwe phansi engu-15Х55/65 "Topol-M" yathuthukiswa futhi ukuhlukahluka kwabo okuthuthukisiwe okuthuthukisiwe kakhulu 15Х55М "Yars" kanye ne-15Х67 "Yars-M". "zasetshenziswa. , kodwa alukho kulezi zinhlelo, ngaphandle Kwezisetshenziswa Ezithuthukisiwe Zokutholwa kanye Nezisetshenziswa Zokulandelela ezisetshenziswa yisitha, ezaletha ikhwalithi entsha emkhakheni wokunqoba ukuvikela imicibisholo.
Bekungalindelekile impela ngoMashi 1 walo nyaka. UMongameli weRussian Federation uVladimir Putin, enkulumweni yakhe ku-Federal Assembly, umemezele inqwaba yemiklamo yezikhali emisha eyakhiwe ukuphendula izinqumo nezenzo zaseMelika eminyakeni yamuva. Kubangele isasasa emhlabeni futhi kwabangela ukuphawula okuningi kokubili kwemvelo yezombusazwe (okusho isethulo esingalindelekile esingaka) kanye nesimo sobuchwepheshe.
Rocket RS-28 Sarmat
Ukwethulwa komcibisholo omusha osindayo one-intercontinental kwamenyezelwa esikhathini esidlule. Zabambezeleka izikhathi eziningana, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuthuthukiswa kwe-rocket. Lona umsebenzi we-National Missile Centre (GRC) Makeev wase-Miass, ozuze impumelelo enkulu ekwakheni imicibisholo ye-ballistic eqhutshwa uketshezi yemikhumbi-ngwenya. Iqiniso lokuthi iziphathimandla zaseRussia azizange zinqume ukwenza i-rocket esindayo isebenzisa uphethiloli oqinile kuyiphutha elibi le-design bureau ye-Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT). Ngobunzima obukhulu, wasifeza isithembiso sakhe sokwakha umcibisholo ocitshwayo osekelwe emkhunjini onesizinda sikagesi okwakufanele “ucishe uphelele” uhlanganiswe neTopol-M ezinze ezweni. "I-Sarmat" kufanele ithathe indawo yezikhali ezicitshwayo ezisindayo kunazo zonke emhlabeni 15A18M R-36M2 "Voevoda" - umsebenzi weYuzhnoye Design Bureau odumile waseDnepropetrovsk. Leli hhovisi laliklama ozongena esikhundleni somndeni we-R-36M, kodwa ngemva kokuwa kwe-USSR yaphela e-Ukraine futhi nakuba umsebenzi wawuqhubeka, uxhaso lwezimali oluvela eMnyangweni Wezokuvikela waseRussia lwalungenele, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lwamiswa ngokuphelele.
Umqondo wokuqala we-missile entsha, kamuva eyaqokwa i-RS-28 (15A28), wawusulungile ngo-2005. Ngale njongo, i-JSC Avangard ithuthukise isitsha sokuthutha esiyinhlanganisela kanye nokwethulwa. Itholakala ku-launcher shaft ene-conveyor engu-15T526 eyakhiwe yi-KB Motor. Izinjini zesigaba sokuqala cishe ziyisimanje sezinjini ze-RD-274 ezikhiqizwa i-R-36M2, izinjini zesigaba sesibili zathuthukiswa ku-Design Bureau ye-Chemical Automation (KBCHA). Izinjini "Product 99" nazo zikhiqizwa inkampani "Perm Motors" for Sarmat. Imicibisholo izokhiqizwa ngokuhlanganyela neKrasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant (Krasmash) kanye neSikhungo Socwaningo Sikahulumeni esiqanjwe ngalo. Makeev. I-rocket ene-PAD (i-powder pressure accumulator) inobude obungaba ngu-32 m nobubanzi obungamamitha angu-3. Ubukhulu bayo kufanele bube ngaphezu kwamathani angu-200, futhi ukukhokhelwa kwayo kufanele kube ngamathani angu-5 kuya kwangu-10. Uhlelo luqokwe i-15P228. Isici sayo esihlukile sizoba ingxenye esebenzayo yerekhodi emfushane ye-trajectory, i.e. isikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini.
Ukwethulwa kokuhlolwa kokuqala kweSarmat kwenzeka ngoDisemba 27, 2017 enkundleni yokuqeqeshwa ePlesik. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngemva kokuba isiqalisi sicushiwe, esakhipha irokhethi esiseleni, izinjini zesiteji sokuqala zasebenza. Lokhu ngokuvamile akwenzeki ekuzameni kokuqala. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuqala, okusebenza kancane kwe-PAD kwenziwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, noma ube sengozini yokweqa lesi sinyathelo sokuhlola. Ngokusobala, ekuqaleni kuka-2017, uKrasmash, esebenza ngaphansi kwenkontileka esayinwe ngo-2011, wakhiqiza imicibisholo emithathu yokuqala, okusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kufanele kwenzeke maduze. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwamukelwa komcibisholo ukuthi usebenze ngo-2019 kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Futhi, ulwazi mayelana nokuqala komsebenzi wokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezikhundleni zokuhlukanisa e-Uzhzha naseDombarovsky akulona iqiniso.
I-Sarmat izofakwa kuma-silo okwamanje asetshenziswa yi-R-36M2, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo - kokubili okukhokhelwayo kanye nobubanzi - kuzodingeka kuphakame kakhulu. Uyokwazi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuhlasela noma iyiphi inhloso emhlabeni kunoma iyiphi indlela. Isibonelo, okuqondiwe e-United States kungashaywa ngokundiza hhayi phezu kwe-North Pole, kodwa phezu kwe-South Pole. Lokhu akukona ukuphumelela ekuvikelweni kwemicibisholo, kodwa kuwenza ube nzima umsebenzi, njengoba kuzodingeka ukuthi kuhlinzekwe ukutholwa kwethagethi yobusuku nemini futhi kukhuphule ngokuphawulekayo inombolo yamasayithi okuqalisa ukuvikela imicibisholo.
I-Vanguard
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ulwazi lwaqinisekiswa mayelana nokuhlolwa kwezihloko zempi ezintsha zemicibisholo ecitshwayo, engangena emkhathini ngaphambi kwesikhathi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile futhi iqonde lapho kuhloswe khona nge-trajectory eyisicaba, kuyilapho ihamba phakathi nendawo nokuphakama. Lesi sixazululo sinokubili okuhle nokubi. Inzuzo ukuthi kunzima ngesitha ukunqanda impi enjalo. Inqubo imi kanje: okuhlosiwe okutholiwe kulandelelwa ngokunemba okukhulu, futhi ngokusekelwe kulokhu kufundwa, amakhompyutha ashesha kakhulu abala indlela yendiza yalapho okuqondiwe, abikezele inkambo yayo yesikhathi esizayo futhi ahlele imicibisholo ye-interceptor ukuze i-trajectory yawo ihlangane nendlela yendiza ebikezelwe. . amakhanda empi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okuhlosiwe kutholwa, sincane isikhathi esisele salokhu kubalwa kanye nokwethulwa komcibisholo ocitshwayo. Kodwa-ke, uma ithagethi ishintsha indlela yayo, ingxenye yayo eyengeziwe ayikwazi ukubikezelwa futhi i-countermissile ayikwazi ukuthunyelwa ngakuyo. Yiqiniso, lapho ukusondela ekuhlosweni kokuhlasela, kuba lula ukubikezela i-trajectory enjalo, kodwa lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukushaya kwe-missile ye-ballistic eduze nento evikelwe, futhi lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nengozi enkulu.
