isisindo esinzima part 2

Siyaqhubeka nokwethulwa okuphazamisekile kwezimoto ezinkulu. Ingxenye yesibili sizoyiqala ngento efiswa abaningi, ikakhulukazi abantu abasha, into eyaziwa ngamafilimu amaningi amahle kagandaganda waseMelika, evame ukucwebezela kude nge-chrome egqitshwe nge-chrome.

iloli laseMelika

Ugandaganda omkhulu weloliс injini enamandla phambili, i-chrome ekhazimulayo elangeni futhi ibhoboze isibhakabhaka ngamapayipi e-exhaust aqondile - isithombe esinjalo, esakhiwe isiko le-pop, ikakhulukazi i-cinematography, ngokuqinisekile sizovela phambi kwamehlo ethu lapho sicabanga ngabalingani baseMelika bamaloli. Ngokuvamile, kuyoba umbono wangempela, nakuba zikhona ezinye izinhlobo zamaloli eMelika.

Ingabe ngempela isitayela nomklamo ohlukile uvela kuphi - ayikho impendulo engacacile kulo mbuzo, kodwa iziphetho eziningana zingafinyelelwa. Ngokuvamile abantu baseMelika bathanda izimoto ezinkulungakho nalokhu kuyabonakala iloli, imizila yaseMelika ivame ukuba yinde kakhulu futhi abashayeli bashayela izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngesikhathi, ngokuvamile benqamula ezindaweni eziwugwadule, kanti injini engaphambili inikeza indawo eyengeziwe yekhebhu yomshayeli, engahlonyiswa nganoma yini ehloniphekile. Umkampeni.

1. Ikusasa lamaloli aseMelika - i-Peterbilt 579EV ne-Kenworth T680 enamaseli kaphethiloli emnyango wePikes Peak edumile

Imikhawulo esemthethweni yosayizi wamaloli ikhawulelwe kakhulu kunase-Europe, isibonelo, amaloli aseMelika angaba makhudlwana futhi abe banzi. Omunye umehluko obaluleke kakhulu isivinini esizuziwe, e-US, abashayeli bangashayela ngokushesha ngoba abakhawulelwe amafinyila kagesi, eYurophu, imikhawulo ivamise ukubekwa cishe ku-82-85 km / h. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-tachograph okwamanje ayadingeka e-Europe nase-US, kodwa phesheya asetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula isikhathi sokusebenza somshayeli, nase-Old Continent futhi ukuhambisana nomkhawulo wesivinini, kanye namadivayisi amasha ahlakaniphile, asebenze iminyaka emibili, athole umsebenzi owengeziwe, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka futhi ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo indawo yemoto.

Kodwa amaloli "ekhala" awekho ngaphezu kwamaloli aseYurophu kukho konke, lezi zokugcina, njengomthetho, zihlomele kangcono, zinezixazululo zesimanje, futhi, njengoba abantu abambalwa bazi, amandla ajwayelekile ezinjini zabo (cishe 500 KM) mkhulu kune-in Peterbilt amaloli noma I-Freightliner (cishe. 450 hp). Futhi okumangalisa nakakhulu ukuthi ngokuvamile benza okufanayo. amathangi amakhulu kaphethiloli.

2. Ingaphakathi lendawo yokulala yomshayeli eFreightliner Cascadia

Eminyakeni engu-125 edlule

Lesi yisikhathi esesidlulile UGottlieb Daimler wakha lokho namuhla okubhekwa njengeloli lokuqala. Imoto yakhiwe embonini yakwaDaimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft eCannstat eduze kwaseStuttgart.

Empeleni kwakunjalo inqola edonswa ngamahhashi, ngendlela yesikhulumi esinezinhlangothi eziphansi, lapho umklami waseJalimane engeze injini ye-1,06-litre yama-cylinder amabili ngemuva kwe-axle yangemuva kanye namandla amakhulu "amangalisa" angu-4 hp. Le njini, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-phoenix", ingasebenza ngophethiloli, igesi ye-coke oven noma uphalafini. U-Daimler uyixhume ku-axle yangemuva esebenzisa i-belt drive.

Ngaleso sikhathi, iloli lakwaDaimler laliqhume kahle kakhulu - i-asi yangaphambili yayidatshulwe yi-transverse. izinsiza ze-ellipticalfuthi ngemuva kunemithombo yensimbi. Baphinde basebenzise iziphethu zekhoyiliukuvimbela ukudluliswa kokushaqeka enjinini ebucayi. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imoto yayigingqika ngamasondo ensimbi aqinile, futhi isimo semigwaqo ngaleso sikhathi sasishiya okuningi. Nokho Innovative Daimler amaloli zahlangatshezwa nesithakazelo, umthengi wokuqala watholakala eNgilandi kuphela, lapho kwakudingeka baqhudelane khona nemiklamo ye-steam ebusa emakethe.

3. Iloli lokuqala i-Gotlieb Daimler ngo-1896.

UDaimler waqhubeka nokuthuthuka ilolingokwakha izinguqulo ezintsha namamodeli. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ngo-1898 iloli ithole ukubukeka okwehlukanisa ngokusobala ezimotweni zangaleso sikhathi zabagibeli futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kwaba nomthelela omuhle kumthamo wayo wokulayisha - injini yabekwa phambi kwe-axle yangaphambili. U-Daimler namaloli akhe, kanye nezimoto ezifanayo kamuva zabanye onjiniyela bezimoto, zazifaneleka kahle isikhathi esifanele somlando - uguquko lwezimboni lwaludlondlobala futhi izimpahla ezikhiqizwa ngobuningi zazingena emakethe okwakudingeka zisakazwe ngokushesha nangezinga elikhulu. . . Futhi kuze kube namuhla, akukho okushintshile mayelana nalokhu.

I-Tirem ikusasa

Kusukela kudala asigxumele kwelizayo manje ngoba amaloli i imakethe yezimpahlakanjalo nje jikelele imboni yezimoto yesimanjeingena enkathini yoshintsho olukhulu. Inkinga enkulu, yiqiniso, i-ecology kanye nokwethulwa ngobuningi kwezintsha, okungcono kakhulu ezikhishwa yiziro, ngezinga elikhulu. Kodwa-ke, kubonakala sengathi ngenxa yemininingwane yale makethe kanye nokuklanywa kwamaloli, ngisho nesisindo sawo namandla aphakeme anamandla, lezi zinguquko zizoba zokuziphendukela kwemvelo kunokuba ziguquke. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi umsebenzi kumadrayivu amasha akusaqhutshwa futhi akwenziwa ngendlela ehlelekile.

4. 10,6-litre 3-cylinder six-piston injini kadizili esuka ku-Achates Power.

Ochwepheshe abaningi abavela imboni yezokuthutha futhi abakhiqizi babikezela ukuthi ngisho neminyaka emihlanu ezayo, ukukhonya kwezimoto zikadizili ngeke liphikwe. Kuneminye imibono yokuthuthukisa le drive, ngokwesibonelo, ukusungulwa kwakamuva kwenkampani yaseMelika i-Achates Power - ezintathu-cylinder diesel nama-piston ayisithupha, okulindeleke ukuthi ashise uphethiloli wehlise ngamaphesenti angu-8 futhi akhiphe cishe amaphesenti angama-90. ama-oxide anobuthi amancane e-nitrogen. Le njini kumele isebenze kahle ngokwedlulele ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwamasilinda amabili aphikisanayo kumapiston. Ndawonye bakha igumbi elilodwa lomlilo futhi bamunca amandla omunye nomunye, bawahumushele ekunyakazeni.

Isigaba esilandelayo sentuthuko, kunjalo, ugesi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaloli amaningi omhlaba cishe azosetshenziswa. Ngokwezibalo ze-Eurostat, amaphesenti angu-45. yazo zonke izimpahla ezithuthwa ngomgwaqo eYurophu zihlanganisa ibanga elingaphansi kwama-300 km. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe ingxenye yawo wonke amaloli e-EU asengafakwa ugesi. Amaloli kagesi aseqala ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezingadingi ibanga elide, kuyilapho izimoto ze-hydrogen ezisebenza kahle zizothola ukusetshenziswa kwezokuthutha zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe.

5. Volvo amaloli kagesi

6. Ukuthutha kwesikhathi esizayo ngokusho kuka-Daimler: Mercedes-Benz eActros, Mercedes-Benz eActros LongHaul kanye ne-Mercedes-Benz GenH2 Truck.

Ukukhombisa izitayela zomhlaba wonke, masisebenzise izibonelo zomunye wabakhiqizi bamaloli abakhulu kunawo wonke - i-Daimler neVolvo, okuthe, ngaphezu kwalokho, isanda kwakhiwa ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe elibizwa ngokuthi. I-Cellcentric, inhloso yayo okuyi ukuthuthukiswa kwenjini ye-hydrogen. UDaimler uzoqala maduze ukukhiqiza eyokuqala serial-duty imoto eshayelwa ngokukhethekile ibhethri electric drive - Mercedes-Benz eActros, okulindeleke ukuthi ibe nebanga elingaphezu kuka-200 km, inkampani iphinde yamemezela iloli elihamba ngogesi elihamba isikhathi eside, iMercedes-Benz eActros LongHaul. Amandla ayo okugodla ngemva kokushajwa kwebhethri elilodwa kuzoba ngu-500 km.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi I-Volvo Trucks sisanda kwethula izimoto zikagesi ezisindayo ezintathu ezintsha: i-FM, i-FMX ne-FH. Zinamandla angu-490 kW kanye ne-torque engu-2400 Nm. ifinyelela ku-540 kWh, okufanele inikeze amandla okugcina amandla angaba ngu-300 km. AbakwaVolvo bamemezele ukuthi ngo-2030, ingxenye yamaloli alo mkhiqizo adayiswa e-Europe izobe isisebenza ngenjini kagesi noma i-hydrogen fuel cell. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngo-2040, zombili izinkampani zifuna kuphela ukuthengisa izimoto ezinezinjini ze-zero-emission.

7. Amaloli i-Kenworth T680 FCEV afaka uphethiloli nge-hydrogen esiteshini se-Port of Los Angeles.

nginothize engithandananaye amaseli kaphethiloli futhi ukuphumelela kulindeleke ngaphambi kokuphela kweshumi leminyaka. I-Cellcentric eshiwo ngenhla ihlela ukuqala ukukhiqiza ngo-2025. i-hydrogen fuel cell Isikali. Iloli lokuqala likaDaimler ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe. Iloli iMercedes-Benz GenH2Ngokusebenzisa i-hydrogen ewuketshezi, enamandla amakhulu kakhulu kune-hydrogen enegesi, kufanele ifane nokusebenza kweloli elivamile elisebenza ngodizili futhi ibe nebanga elingaphezu kuka-1000 km. I-GenH2 Truck iphinde ibe yinkomba enhle yokuthi isitayela samakhambi kagandaganda azoya kuphi - azoba yinde kancane, abe lula futhi abe ne-aerodynamic, okubaluleke kakhulu esimweni sokushayela okuluhlaza.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuthutha kwemvelo lokhu ngeke kuthinte izimoto ngokwazo kuphela, kodwa nemigwaqo abahamba ngayo. Isibonelo esihle izingxenye zomgwaqo ofakwe ugesi wokuhlola osanda kuvulwa ukuze zisetshenziswe eJalimane nase-Sweden.

amaloli ayi-hybrid banama-pantographs afakiwe, futhi inethiwekhi yokuxhumana yeluliwe phezu komgwaqo ezisekelweni. Ngokushesha nje lapho uhlelo luxhunywe ohlelweni, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iyacishwa futhi iloli lisebenza ngokuphelele kugesi. Ukushayela ngemodi kagesi kungenzeka amakhilomitha amaningana ngemva kokushiya umugqa ngenxa yamandla agcinwe kumabhethri. Kodwa-ke, incazelo yokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo enjalo idala izingxabano eziningi, ikakhulukazi kumongo we-hydrogen revolution ememezelwe.

8. I-Scania R 450 ene-pantograph kwi-track efakwe ugesi

Olunye ushintsho olubalulekile olusilindile esikhathini esizayo, ukushintshwa kancane kancane kwamaloli endabuko ngezimoto ezizimele. Mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo esikude kancane zizoba yizinga amaloli angenawo amakhumbingoba zisetshenziswa kakhulu abashayeli futhi ngeke zisadingeka. Indlela eyodwa noma enye, umshini wokuqala onjalo usuvele udaliwe, wona Iloli laseSweden i-Einride T-Pod. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ayikwazi ukuthengwa, okuwukuphela kwenketho ukuqasha.

Amaloli okuqala amakhulu azimele Baphinde baba ngaphansi kokuhlolwa okubanzi isikhathi eside, kuze kube manje ikakhulukazi ezikhungweni zezokuthutha ezivaliwe lapho izinqubo zokuphepha kulula ukuzisebenzisa, kodwa futhi basanda kugunyazwa ukushayela kweminye imigwaqo e-US.

Isigaba esilandelayo ekuthuthukisweni kwezokuthutha ezizimele kuzoba ezokuthutha ze-Hub-2hub, okungukuthi, ezokuthutha emigwaqweni ephakathi kwezikhungo zezokuthutha. Ekuqaleni, amaloli asazoshayelwa abantu, okuthe, nokho, kancane kancane bazokhawulelwa ekubukeni okujwayelekile kwesimo, bephathisa umshayeli wemoto ukulawula, njengoba kade kwenzeka kwezokuthutha emoyeni. Ekugcineni, ukuhamba phakathi kwama-hubs kufanele kube ngokuzimela ngokugcwele, futhi abashayeli abaphilayo kungase kudingeke ukuthi basabalalise ukulethwa emalolini amancane endawo.

10. Hlola iloli laseMelika elizimele iPeterbilt 579

11. I-Vera - i-autonomous tractor Volvo enesitsha

Ikakhulukazi, ezokuthutha ezizimele kufanele kube njalo ukonga okwengeziwe (ukunciphisa izindleko zezimoto zokusebenza kanye nokukhokhelwa kwabashayeli), Ngokushesha (asikho isidingo sezindawo zokuphumula zomshayeli, okwandisa isikhathi sokushayela iloli sisuka ku-29% siye ku-78%), ukulungele imvelo kakhulu (ubushelelezi obukhulu) enenzuzo eyengeziwe (uhambo olwengeziwe = ama-oda amaningi) i ephephile (ukuqedwa kwesici somuntu esingathembeki kakhulu).