Ithangi elisindayo IS-7
Ithangi elisindayo IS-7
Ingxenye engaphambili ingu-trihedral, njenge-IS-3, kodwa ayiphumeleli kangako phambili. Njengesikhungo samandla, kwakuhlelwe ukuthi kusetshenziswe ibhulokhi yezinjini ezimbili ze-V-16 ezinomthamo ophelele we-1200 hp. Nge. Ukuhanjiswa kukagesi kwakufana nalokhu okufakwe ku-IS-6. Amathangi kaphethiloli abekwe esisekelweni senjini engaphansi, lapho, ngenxa yamashidi aseceleni esikebhe ayekhala ngaphakathi, kwakhiwa isikhala esingenalutho. Isibhamu sethangi le-IS-7, esasihlanganisa isibhamu esingu-130-mm S-26, ezintathu. izibhamu zemishini I-DT kanye nezibhamu ezimbili ze-Vladimirov 14,5 mm (KPV), zazitholakala ku-turret eyisicaba. Naphezu kwesisindo esikhulu - amathani angama-65, imoto yabonakala ihlangene kakhulu. Kwakhiwa imodeli yokhuni egcwele usayizi wethangi. Ngo-1946, kwaqala ukuklanywa kwenye inguqulo, eyayinenkomba efanayo yefekthri - 260. Engxenyeni yesibili ka-1946, ngokusho kwemidwebo yomnyango wokuklama wokukhiqiza amathangi, ama-prototypes amabili wento engu-100 akhiqizwa ezitolo ze- I-Kirov Plant kanye negatsha lePlant No. 260. Eyokuqala yabo yahlanganiswa ngo-September 8 1946, yadlula i-1000 km ekuvivinyweni kolwandle ekupheleni konyaka futhi, ngokwemiphumela yabo, yahlangabezana nezidingo eziyinhloko zamaqhinga nezobuchwepheshe.
Isivinini esiphezulu se-60 km / h safinyelelwa, isivinini esivamile emgwaqeni ophukile we-cobblestone sasingu-32 km / h. Isampula yesibili yahlanganiswa ngo-December 25, 1946 futhi yadlula i-45 km yokuhlolwa kolwandle. Enqubweni yokuklama umshini omusha, kwenziwa imidwebo yokusebenza engaba ngu-1500, kwafakwa izixazululo ezingaphezu kuka-25 kulo msebenzi, okwakungakaze kuhlangatshezwane nazo ngaphambili. ukwakhiwa kwethangi, izikhungo ezingaphezu kuka-20 nezikhungo zesayensi zazihilelekile ekuthuthukisweni nasekuboniseni. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwenjini engu-1200 hp. nge. bekufanele kufakwe ku-IS-7 ukufakwa okuphindwe kabili kwezinjini zedizili ze-V-16 ezivela kunombolo yesitshalo 77. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uMnyango Wezokuthutha Ubunjiniyela be-USSR (i-Mintransmash) wayala inombolo yesitshalo 800 ukukhiqiza injini edingekayo. . Ifekthri ayizange isifeze isabelo, futhi iyunithi engamawele yefekthri No. 77 yephuze ngezinsuku eziwumnqamulajuqu ezigunyazwe uMnyango Wezokuthutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayizange ihlolwe futhi ihlolwe ngumenzi. Ukuhlola nokulungisa kahle kwenziwa igatsha leplanti No. 100 futhi kwembula ukungafaneleki kwaso okuphelele okwakhayo. Njengoba yayingenayo injini edingekayo, kodwa ilwela ukufeza umsebenzi kahulumeni ngesikhathi, isitshalo saseKirovsky, kanye nesitshalo No. 500 soMnyango Wezezindiza Zezindiza, saqala ukwakha injini ye-TD-30 ye-diesel esekelwe endizeni i-ACh-300. Ngenxa yalokho, izinjini ze-TD-7 zafakwa kumasampula amabili okuqala e-IS-30, abonisa ukufaneleka kwawo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kodwa ngenxa yokungahlangani kahle kwakudinga ukulungiswa kahle. Ngesikhathi somsebenzi wesikhungo samandla, izinto eziningi ezintsha zaqalwa ngokwengxenye, futhi zavivinywa ngokwengxenye ezimweni zaselabhorethri: amathangi kaphethiloli enjoloba athambile anenani eliphelele lamalitha angama-800, imishini yokucisha umlilo enezishintshi ezizenzakalelayo ezishisayo ezisebenza ekushiseni kwe-100. ° -110 ° C, isistimu yokupholisa injini ye-ejection. Ukuhanjiswa kwethangi kwaklanywa ngezinguqulo ezimbili.
Eyokuqala, ekhiqizwe futhi yahlolwa ku-IS-7, yayino-gearbox wamagiya ayisithupha oshintshwayo kanye nama-synchronizers. Indlela yokuzungeza iyiplanethi, izigaba ezimbili. Isilawuli besinama-servos asebenza nge-hydraulic. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ukudluliswa kwabonisa izimfanelo ezinhle zokudonsa, ukuhlinzeka ngesivinini esiphezulu semoto. Inguqulo yesibili ye-4-speed manual transmission yathuthukiswa ngokubambisana ne-Moscow State Technical University eyaqanjwa ngo-N. E. Bauman. Ukudluliselwa kuyiplanethi, i-XNUMX-speed, inomshini wokujika we-tig ZK. Ukulawula amathangi ihanjiswa ngamadrayivu e-hydraulic servo anokukhethwa kwamagiya athembisayo. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwe-undercarriage, umnyango wokuklama waklama izinketho eziningi zokumiswa, ezakhiwe futhi zabhekana nokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri emathangeni e-serial kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-IS-7. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, imidwebo yokugcina yokusebenza ye-chassis yonke yenziwa. Ngokokuqala ngqá esakhiweni sethangi lasekhaya, kwasetshenziswa izibungu ezinehinge le-rubber-metal, i-double-acting hydraulic shock absorbers, amasondo omgwaqo ane-internal shock absorption, esebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo, kanye nemigoqo ye-torsion ye-beam. Kufakwe inganono engu-130 mm S-26 nebhuleki le-muzzle elicijile. Izinga eliphezulu lomlilo (imizuliswano emi-6 ngomzuzu) laqinisekiswa ngokusetshenziswa kwendlela yokulayisha.
Ithangi le-IS-7 linezibhamu eziyi-7: i-caliber eyodwa engu-14,5-mm kanye namacaliber ayisithupha angu-7,62-mm. Isibhamu somshini kagesi we-servo esikude sakhiwe ilabhorethri yomklami omkhulu we-Kirov Plant esebenzisa izakhi zomshini ngamunye. ubuchwepheshe bangaphandle. Isampula eyenziwe ye-turret mount yezibhamu ezimbili ezingu-7,62-mm yafakwa ngemuva kwe-turret yethangi lokuhlola futhi yahlolwa, kwaqinisekisa ukulawuleka okuphezulu komlilo wesibhamu. Ngaphezu kwamasampula amabili aqoqwe eSikhungweni SaseKirov futhi avivinywa olwandle ngasekupheleni kuka-1946 - ekuqaleni kuka-1947, kwakhiqizwa ezinye iziqhumane ezimbili zezikhali kanye nama-turrets amabili e-Izhora Plant. Lawa ma-hull nama-turrets ahlolwe ngokuqhunyiswa kwezibhamu ze-81-mm, 122-mm kanye ne-128-mm endaweni yokuqeqesha ye-GABTU Kubinka. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa yakha isisekelo sezikhali zokugcina zethangi elisha. Ngo-1947, umsebenzi onzima wawuqhutshwa ehhovisi lokuklama le-Kirov Plant ukuze kwakhiwe iphrojekthi yenguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-IS-7. Le phrojekthi igcine okuningi kumanduleli wayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinguquko eziningi ezibalulekile zenziwa kuyo. I-hull yaba banzi kancane, futhi i-turret yaba isicaba. I-IS-7 ithole izinhlangothi ezigobile ze-hull ezihlongozwe umklami u-G. N. Moskvin. Izikhali zaqiniswa, imoto yathola inganono entsha engu-130-mm S-70 enomphongolo omude we-54 caliber. I-projectile yakhe enesisindo esingu-33,4 kg ishiye umphongolo ngesivinini sokuqala esingu-900 m/s. Into entsha ngesikhathi sayo kwakuwuhlelo lokulawula umlilo. Ithuluzi lokulawula umlilo laqinisekisa ukuthi i-prism eqinile iqondiswe kuthagethi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isibhamu sithini, isibhamu salethwa ngokuzenzekelayo emgqeni wokukhomba ozinzile lapho sidutshulwa, futhi isibhamu sadutshulwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Ithangi lalinezibhamu ezingu-8, kuhlanganise nama-KPV amabili angu-14,5 mm. I-caliber eyodwa enkulu kanye ne-RP-46 7,62-mm calibers (inguqulo yesimanje yangemva kwempi yesibhamu somshini we-DT) afakwe ku-mantlet yesibhamu. Amanye ama-RP-46 amabili ayeseziphehleni, amanye amabili, ejike emuva, enamathiselwe ngaphandle ezinhlangothini zengxenye engemuva yombhoshongo. Zonke izibhamu zemishini zilawulwa kude.
Izinhlamvu bezihlanganisa imizuliswano engu-30 yokulayisha ehlukene, imizuliswano engu-400 engu-14,5 mm kanye nemizuliswano engu-2500 engu-7,62 mm. Kumasampula okuqala e-IS-7, kanye ne-Research Institute of Artillery Weapons, okokuqala ngqa esakhiweni sethangi lasekhaya, kwasetshenziswa amapuleti ezikhali ezigayiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamodeli amahlanu ahlukene e-ejector ahlolwe okokuqala ezitendini. Isihlungi somoya sendwangu eyomile e-inertial safakwa ngezigaba ezimbili zokuhlanza kanye nokukhipha uthuli okuzenzakalelayo ku-hopper kusetshenziswa amandla amagesi okukhipha umoya. Amandla amathangi kaphethiloli aguquguqukayo, enziwe ngendwangu ekhethekile kanye nokucindezela okumelana kuze kufike ku-0,5 atm., Kunyuswe ku-1300 amalitha. Kwafakwa inguqulo yokudlulisela, yathuthukiswa ngo-1946 ngokuhlanganyela ne-MVTU im. Bauman. Inqola yangaphansi yayihlanganisa amasondo omgwaqo anobubanzi obukhulu ayisikhombisa ohlangothini ngalunye futhi ayinawo amarola asekelayo. Ama-roller ayephindwe kabili, ane-cushion yangaphakathi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukushelela kokugibela, kusetshenziswe ama-absorber asebenza kabili we-hydraulic shock, i-piston yawo eyayingaphakathi kwe-balancer yokumiswa. Ama-shock absorbers athuthukiswe iqembu lonjiniyela eliholwa nguL. 3. Schenker. Isibungu esingu-710 mm ububanzi sasinamathrekhi engxenye yebhokisi enehinji yensimbi yerabha. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa ukuqina nokunciphisa umsindo wokushayela, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakunzima ukwenza.
Isistimu yokucisha umlilo ezenzakalelayo eyaklanywa uM.G.Shelemin yayinezinzwa nezicishamlilo ezifakwe endaweni yokudlulisela injini, futhi yayiklanyelwe ukuthi ivulwe izikhathi ezintathu uma kuba nomlilo. Ehlobo lika-1948, isitshalo "Kirovsky" sakha ama-IS-7 amane, okwathi ngemva kokuhlolwa kwefekthri, adluliselwa kuhulumeni. Ithangi lenze umbono oqinile kumalungu ekomidi lokukhetha: ngesisindo esingamathani angama-68, imoto yafinyelela kalula isivinini esingama-60 km / h, futhi yayinekhono elihle lokunqamula izwe. Isivikelo sakhe sezikhali ngaleso sikhathi sasingenakuvinjelwa. Kwanele ukusho ukuthi ithangi le-IS-7 alizange likwazi ukumelana ne-cannon engu-128 mm yaseJalimane, kodwa futhi nesibhamu salo esingu-130 mm. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa akuzange kube ngaphandle kwesimo esiphuthumayo. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nenye yamagobolondo ebangeni lokudubula, i-projectile, ishelela ohlangothini olugobile, yashaya ibhulokhi yokumiswa, futhi, ngokusobala i-welded ebuthakathaka, yabhampa phansi kanye ne-roller. Ngesikhathi kuqhubeka enye imoto, injini, ebisivele isisebenzile isikhathi sewaranti ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, yavutha. Isistimu yokucisha umlilo inikeze ukukhanya okubili ukuze kube nendawo yomlilo, kodwa ayikwazanga ukucisha umlilo. Abasebenzi bashiye imoto yasha yaphela. Kodwa, naphezu kokugxekwa okuningi, ngo-1949 amasosha anikeza i-Kirov Plant umyalo wokwenza inqwaba yamathangi angu-50. Lo myalelo awuzange ugcwaliseke ngezizathu ezingaziwa. I-Main Armored Directorate yasola lesi sitshalo, ngokubona kwawo, sabambezela ngazo zonke izindlela ukukhiqizwa kwemishini namadivayisi adingekayo ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi. Izisebenzi zasefekthri zabhekisela embuthweni wezempi, "owagqekeza waze wabulala" imoto, efuna ukunciphisa isisindo sibe amathani angu-50. Into eyodwa kuphela eyaziwa ngokuqinisekile, akukho neyodwa yezimoto ezingu-50 ezi-odwe ezishiye izinkundla zokusebenzela zasefekthri. Izici zokusebenza zethangi elisindayo IS-7
Ethangini elisha, iKirov Plant yakha indlela yokulayisha efana nokufakwa olwandle, eyayinomshini kagesi nobukhulu obuncane, okwathi, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola i-turret nge-shelling kanye nokuphawula kwekhomishana ye-GABTU, kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka dala i-turret enengqondo ngokwengeziwe mayelana nokumelana ne-projectile. Ithimba belihlanganisa abantu abahlanu, abane kubo abebekulo mbhoshongo. Umkhuzi wayengakwesokudla kwesibhamu, isibhamu kwesokunxele kanye nezilayishi ezimbili ngemuva. Abalayishi bebelawula izibhamu ezingomshini ezitholakala ngemuva kombhoshongo, kuma-fenders kanye nezibhamu ezinkulu zesibhamu esinqamule indiza. Njengesikhungo samandla enguqulweni entsha ye-IS-7, kwasetshenziswa injini yedizili eyi-serial marine 12-cylinder M-50T enamandla amalitha ayi-1050. Nge. ngo-1850 rpm. Wayengenaye olingana naye emhlabeni ngokuphathelene nokuphelele kwezinkomba zokulwa eziyinhloko. Ngesisindo sokulwa esifana neseJalimane "Inkosi Tiger", i-IS-7 yayiphakeme kakhulu kunaleli thangi elinamandla nelisindayo lokukhiqiza leMpi Yezwe Yesibili, elakhiwe eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili, kokubili mayelana nokuvikelwa kwezikhali kanye nokuvikelwa kwezikhali. izikhali. Kuhlala kuphela ukuzisola ukuthi ukukhiqizwa le moto yokulwa eyingqayizivele ayizange isetshenziswe. Imithombo:
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Ekupheleni kuka-1944, i-design Bureau ye-Experimental Plant No. 100 yaqala ukudweba ithangi elisha elisindayo. Bekucatshangwa ukuthi lo mshini uzohlanganisa konke okuhlangenwe nakho okutholwe ekwakhiweni, ekusebenzeni nasekulweni nokusetshenziswa kwamathangi asindayo phakathi nempi. Engatholi ukwesekwa ku-People's Commissar of Tank Industry V.A.Malyshev, umqondisi nomklami omkhulu wesitshalo, u-Zh. Ya. Kotin, waphendukela kumphathi we-NKVD L.P. Beria ukuze bathole usizo.
Ophahleni lombhoshongo phezu kwenduku ekhethekile, kwafakwa isibhamu somshini sesibili esikhulu, esifakwe idrayivu yokuqondisa kagesi ekude yokulandelela i-synchronous-tracking eyahlolwa ethangini lokuqala lokuhlola, elenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukudubula kukho kokubili okuhloswe emoyeni nasemhlabeni. ngaphandle kokushiya ithangi. Ukuze kwandiswe izicishamlilo, abaklami besitshalo se-Kirov ngokwabo benza inguqulo eyakhiwe (1x14,5-mm kanye ne-2x7,62-mm) isibhamu somshini wokulwa nendiza.
