Kunzima ngamandla adonsela phansi, kodwa kubi nakakhulu ngaphandle kwawo
Kubonwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa kumamuvi, "ukukhanyisa" amandla adonsela phansi kumkhumbi-mkhathi ohamba emkhathini ongaphandle kubukeka kupholile kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuthi abadali bazo cishe abakaze bachaze ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani. Kwesinye isikhathi, njengango-2001: I-Space Odyssey (1) noma Abagibeli abasha, kuboniswa ukuthi umkhumbi kufanele ujikiswe ukuze ulingise amandla adonsela phansi.
Umuntu angabuza ngendlela ecasulayo - kungani amandla adonsela phansi edingeka emkhathini nhlobo? Phela, kulula ngaphandle kwamandla adonsela phansi, abantu bayancipha ukukhathala, izinto ezithwalayo azisindi lutho, futhi imisebenzi eminingi idinga umzamo ongokomzimba omncane kakhulu.
Nokho, kuvela ukuthi lo mzamo, ohambisana nokunqoba njalo kwamandla adonsela phansi, udingeka kakhulu kithi nasemzimbeni wethu. Awekho amandla adonsela phansiSekuyisikhathi eside osomkhathi befakazelwa ukuthi balahlekelwa amathambo nemisipha. Osomkhathi ekuzilolongeni kwe-ISS, bayazabalaza nobuthakathaka bemisipha nokuncipha kwamathambo, kodwa basalahlekelwa yisisindo samathambo emkhathini. Kudingeka bathole amahora amabili noma amathathu okuzivocavoca ngosuku ukuze balondoloze isisindo semisipha nempilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuzona lezi zakhi kuphela, ezihlobene ngokuqondile nomthwalo emzimbeni, ezithintekayo ngenxa yokungabikho kwamandla adonsela phansi. Kunezinkinga ngokugcina ibhalansi, umzimba uphelelwe amanzi. Futhi lokhu kumane kuyisiqalo sezinkinga.
Kuvele ukuthi naye uya ngokuya eba buthakathaka. Amanye amaseli omzimba awakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo futhi amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ayafa. Idala amatshe ezinso futhi yenze inhliziyo ibe buthakathaka. Iqembu lososayensi abavela eRussia naseCanada lahlaziya imiphumela yeminyaka yamuva i-microgravity ekwakhiweni kwamaprotheni kumasampula egazi osomkhathi baseRussia abayishumi nesishiyagalombili ababehlala ku-International Space Station isigamu sonyaka. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ngokungabi nesisindo amasosha omzimba aziphatha ngendlela efanayo nalapho umzimba ungenwa yigciwane, ngoba umzimba womuntu awukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze futhi uzama ukwenza kusebenze zonke izinhlelo zokuzivikela ezingenzeka.
Ithuba kumandla we-centrifugal
Ngakho sesikwazi kahle kakhulu lokho akukho amandla adonsela phansi akukuhle, ngisho kuyingozi empilweni. Manje yini? Akubona abenzi bamafilimu kuphela, kodwa nabacwaningi babona ithuba amandla e-centrifugal. Ukuba nomusa amandla e-inertia, ilingisa isenzo samandla adonsela phansi, isebenze ngokuphumelelayo ngendlela ephambene nendawo emaphakathi yohlaka lwereferensi olungasebenzi.
Ukusebenza sekucwaningwe iminyaka eminingi. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, owayengusonkanyezi u-Lawrence Young wahlola i-centrifuge, eyayisikhumbuza ngombono wefilimu ka-2001: A Space Odyssey. Abantu balala ngohlangothi emsamo, besunduza isakhiwo esine-inertial esijikelezayo.
Njengoba sazi ukuthi amandla aphakathi nendawo angakwazi okungenani ukufaka esikhundleni amandla adonsela phansi kancane, kungani singakhi imikhumbi ngale ndlela? Nokho, kuvela ukuthi akuyona yonke into elula kangaka, ngoba, okokuqala, imikhumbi enjalo kufanele ibe mikhulu kakhulu kunaleyo esiyakhayo, futhi ikhilogremu ngayinye eyengeziwe yesisindo esifakwe emkhathini ibiza kakhulu.
Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela i-International Space Station njengesilinganiso sokuqhathanisa nokuhlola. Icishe ilingane nenkundla yebhola, kodwa izindawo zokuhlala ziyingxenye encane nje yobukhulu bayo.
Lingisa amandla adonsela phansi Kulokhu, amandla we-centrifugal angasondelwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Noma i-elementi ngayinye ingazungeza ngokwehlukana, okuzodala amasistimu amancane, kodwa-ke, njengoba ochwepheshe bephawula, lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokungahlali kumnandi okuvelayo kosomkhathi, abangakwazi, isibonelo, uzwe amandla adonsela phansi ahlukile emilenzeni yakho kunasemzimbeni wakho ongaphezulu. Enguqulweni enkudlwana, yonke i-ISS izozungezisa, okuzodingeka ukuthi imiswe ngendlela ehlukile, njengendandatho (2). Okwamanje, ukwakha isakhiwo esinjalo kuzosho izindleko ezinkulu futhi kubonakala kungenangqondo.
2. Umbono wendandatho ye-orbital ehlinzeka ngamandla adonsela phansi okwenziwa
Nokho, kukhona neminye imibono. isibonelo, iqembu lososayensi eNyuvesi yaseColorado eBoulder lisebenzela isixazululo esinesifiso esincane. Esikhundleni sokulinganisa "ukudala kabusha amandla adonsela phansi," ososayensi bagxile ekuxazululeni izinkinga zezempilo ezihlobene nokuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi emkhathini.
Njengoba kucatshangelwe abacwaningi baseBoulder, osomkhathi bangakhasa emakamelweni akhethekile amahora ambalwa ngosuku ukuze bathole umthamo wansuku zonke wamandla adonsela phansi, okufanele axazulule izinkinga zempilo. Izifundo zibekwe endaweni yensimbi efana nenqola yasesibhedlela (3). Lokhu kubizwa nge-centrifuge ezungeza ngesivinini esingalingani. Isivinini se-angular esikhiqizwe i-centrifuge siphusha imilenze yomuntu ibheke phansi endaweni yesikhulumi, njengokungathi imi ngaphansi kwesisindo sayo.
3. Idivayisi ihlolwe eNyuvesi yaseBoulder.
Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo lokuzivocavoca luhambisana nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo. Abacwaningi bazimisele ukuthola ukuthi ingabe isicanucanu ngempela siyinani elihlotshaniswa nakho. amandla adonsela phansi okwenziwa. Ingabe osomkhathi bangaqeqesha imizimba yabo ukuze ilungele amanye ama-G-force? Ekupheleni kweseshini yeshumi yamavolontiya, zonke izifundo bezijikeleza ngesivinini esimaphakathi esingaba ama-revolution ayishumi nesikhombisa ngomzuzu ngaphandle kwanoma yimiphi imiphumela engemihle, isicanucanu, njll. Lena impumelelo ebalulekile.
Kuneminye imibono ye-gravity emkhunjini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, i-Canadian Type System Design (LBNP), yona ngokwayo eyenza i-ballast okhalweni lomuntu, idale umuzwa wobunzima emzimbeni ophansi. Kodwa ingabe kwanele ukuba umuntu agweme imiphumela yokundiza emkhathini, engathandeki empilweni? Ngeshwa, lokhu akulona iqiniso.
