I-turbocharger yejiyomethri engaguquki futhi eguquguqukayo - uyini umehluko?

Ngokuvamile lapho kuchazwa izinjini, igama elithi "variable turbocharger geometry" lisetshenziswa. Ihluke kanjani kokuhlala njalo futhi yiziphi izinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi?

I-turbocharger iyisisetshenziswa ebesisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinjinini zikadizili kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-80s, sikhulisa itorque namandla futhi sibe nomthelela omuhle ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli. Kube ngenxa ye-turbocharger ukuthi udizili wawungasabonwa njengemishini engcolile yokusebenza. Ezinjinini zikaphethiloli, zaqala ukuba nomsebenzi ofanayo futhi zavela kaningi ngeminyaka yawo-90, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zathola ukuthandwa, futhi ngemva kuka-2010 zaba zivamile ezinjinini zikaphethiloli njengoba zazinjalo kuma-80s kanye nama-90s.

Isebenza kanjani i-turbocharger?

I-turbocharger iqukethe i-turbine kanye ne-compressor ifakwe ku-shaft evamile futhi endlini eyodwa ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlangothi ezimbili ezicishe ziphindwe kabili. I-turbine iqhutshwa amagesi okukhipha amandla avela ku-multifold exhaust, futhi i-compressor, ejikeleza ku-rotor efanayo ne-turbine futhi iqhutshwa yiyo, idala ukucindezela komoya, okuthiwa. ukugcwaliswa kabusha. Khona-ke ingena emakamelweni okuphuza amaningi kanye namakamelo omlilo. Uma uphakeme umfutho wegesi yokukhipha umoya (ijubane eliphezulu lenjini), ingcindezi yokucindezela iyanda.  

Inkinga enkulu nge-turbocharger ilele kuleli qiniso, ngoba ngaphandle kwejubane elifanele legesi yokukhipha umoya, ngeke kube khona ingcindezi efanele yokucindezela umoya ongena enjinini. I-Supercharging idinga inani elithile legesi yokukhipha enjini ngesivinini esithile - ngaphandle komthwalo ofanele we-exhaust, akukho ukukhushulwa okufanele, ngakho-ke izinjini ezishajwa kakhulu nge-rpm ephansi zibuthakathaka kakhulu.

Ukuze unciphise lesi simo esingathandeki, i-turbocharger enobukhulu obufanele benjini enikeziwe kufanele isetshenziswe. Encane (i-rotor encane yobubanzi) "i-spins" ngokushesha ngoba idala ukudonsa okuncane (i-inertia encane), kodwa inikeza umoya omncane, ngakho-ke ngeke ikhiqize ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu, i.e. amandla. Uma i-turbine inkulu, isebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa idinga ukugcwala kwegesi ephumayo kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe "sokuphotha". Lesi sikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi i-turbo lag noma i-lag. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukusebenzisa i-turbocharger encane yenjini encane (kufika ku-2 amalitha) kanye nenkulu yenjini enkulu. Kodwa-ke, ezinkulu zisenenkinga ye-lag, ngakho-ke Izinjini ezinkulu ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amasistimu e-bi-turbo nama-twin-turbo.

Uphethiloli ngomjovo oqondile - kungani i-turbo?

I-geometry eguquguqukayo - isisombululo senkinga ye-turbo lag

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokunciphisa i-turbo lag ukusebenzisa i-geometry turbine eguquguqukayo. Ama-vane anyakazayo, abizwa ngokuthi ama-vanes, ashintsha indawo yawo (i-engeli yokuthambekela) futhi ngaleyo ndlela anikeze isimo esiguquguqukayo ekugelezeni kwamagesi e-exhaust ashaya ama-blade katurbine angaguquki. Ngokuya ngokucindezelwa kwamagesi okukhipha igesi, ama-blades abekwe nge-angle enkulu noma encane, esheshisa ukujikeleza kwe-rotor ngisho nangaphansi kwengcindezi yegesi yokukhipha umoya, futhi ekucindezelweni okuphezulu kwegesi, i-turbocharger isebenza njengejwayelekile ngaphandle kokuguquguquka. ijiyomethri. Ama-rudders afakwe nge-pneumatic noma i-electronic drive. Ijiyomethri ye-turbine eguquguqukayo ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa cishe ezinjinini zikadizili kuphela., kodwa manje isisetshenziswa kakhulu nophethiloli.

Umphumela wejiyomethri eguquguqukayo ungaphezulu ukusheshisa okushelelayo kusuka kumarev aphansi kanye nokungabikho kwesikhashana esibonakalayo "sokuvula i-turbo". Njengomthetho, izinjini ze-diesel ezine-geometry ye-turbine eqhubekayo zisheshisa cishe ku-2000 rpm ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma i-turbo inejiyomethri eguquguqukayo, ingasheshisa ngokushelela nangokucacile ukusuka cishe ku-1700-1800 rpm.

I-geometry eguquguqukayo ye-turbocharger ibonakala inama-pluses, kodwa lokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke impilo yesevisi yama-turbine anjalo iphansi. Ama-Carbon deposits eziteringini angakwazi ukuwavimba ukuze injini esezingeni eliphezulu noma eliphansi ingabi namandla ayo. Okubi nakakhulu, ama-turbocharger e-geometry aguquguqukayo anzima kakhulu ukuwavuselela, okubiza kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuvuselelwa okuphelele akunakwenzeka.