I-Turbo yawo wonke umuntu?

Ukuthuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukusebenza cishe kwazo zonke izimoto? Kungenzeka. Vele ufake i-turbocharger.

Izinjini eziningi zikadizili zesimanje zifakelwe i-turbocharger. Lokhu kuwumphumela wezinzuzo ezicishe zifane uma zisetshenziswa ezinjinini zokuzithungela - ubulula bokuklama, imiphumela yokusebenza kanye nokulawula kalula. Ama-Turbocharger nawo ayatholakala ezimotweni zabagibeli ezivutha inhlansi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihloselwe zonke izinhlobo zemibuthano nemijaho. Kukhona nesithakazelo esikhulayo kubakhiqizi be-serial bezinjini zikaphethiloli, njengoba bengagcini nje ukwandisa amandla enjini, kodwa futhi banomthelela ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanzeka kwamagesi akhipha umoya. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi maduze la madivayisi azofakwa ezimotweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuqina kwezindinganiso zemvelo.

I-turbocharger iyithuluzi elilula uma kuqhathaniswa - liqukethe izakhi ezimbili eziyinhloko - i-turbine eqhutshwa amagesi okukhipha injini, kanye ne-compressor ye-turbine eshayelwa i-turbine efakwe ku-shaft evamile. Ngenxa yamandla akhulayo wezinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni, ubukhulu be-turbocharger buncishisiwe, ngakho-ke angasetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izimoto ezinezinguquko ezincane. Inkinga, nokho, ukusebenzisa isisetshenziswa esilungile senjini ethile.

Njengoba i-turbocharger ibangela ukwanda okukhulu kwamandla eyunithi yamandla (kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-6), kungase kuvele ukuthi injini enjalo "elungisiwe" ngeke isebenze isikhathi eside, noma izolinyazwa ukuqhuma noma umshini " ukunwetshwa” kwezingxenye zayo (ama-piston, ama-bushings, induku yokuxhuma). Ngakho-ke, ukufakwa kwe-"turbo" akuyona nje ukuhlanganiswa kwedivayisi ehambisanayo, kodwa ngokuvamile ukushintshwa kwezingxenye eziningi zenjini, isibonelo, i-camshaft. I-turbine ngokwayo ibiza kusukela kuma-zloty ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Izinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezengeziwe zama-zloty kuzodingeka zisetshenziswe ekukhipheni komoya okuningiliziwe, i-chip yokulawula injini entsha ibiza cishe ama-zloty angu-2. Ukusetshenziswa kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-intercooler, i.e. i-intercooler evumela ukuthi wehlise izinga lokushisa lomoya ocindezelwe futhi ukhulise amandla enjini, lokhu kungenye izindleko zezinkulungwane ezimbalwa. i-zloty.

Nakuba ngokombono i-turbocharger ingafakwa kunoma iyiphi injini, ezinye izinjini zingase zingabi nalo leli khono. Wonke amayunithi anesistimu ye-crank engaqinile kakhulu (isibonelo, ku-Polonaise noma i-Skoda endala) kanye nezinhlelo zokupholisa ezingasebenzi kahle nezokugcoba azibekezelelwa kahle kakhulu kule ndawo.

Qaphela Abavuselelwe

Ama-Turbocharger afinyelela isivinini se-15 - 60 ayizinkulungwane. rpm (sporty ngisho kufika ku-200 rpm). Ngakho-ke, ukuklama kwabo kufanele kube okunembile kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kwabo kudinga ukuhambisana nemithetho efanele ezovikela idivayisi emonakalweni.

Kwenzeka ukuthi izinkampani ezihlinzeka ngama-turbocharger anjalo ziwathole ezimotweni eziphukile. Imishini enjalo iyawashwa, ihlanzwe, ngezinye izikhathi ivuselelwe kusetshenziswa izingxenye ezingafaneleki, bese ihlanganiswa kabusha. Ububi kuleli cala ukungalingani kwezingxenye ezijikelezayo. Phela, amasondo ezimoto ajikelezayo okungenani (uma kuqhathaniswa ne-turbine) isivinini alinganisela, singasho lutho nge-rotor ejikelezayo ngesivinini esingaphezu kwama-revolution angu-500 ngomzuzwana. Ama-turbocharger anjalo angathengwa ngama-zloty angamakhulu ambalwa, kodwa kunamathuba amaningi okuthi azohluleka ngokushesha.

Ngakho-ke, i-turbocharger ngayinye ekhiqizwe kabusha kufanele ibe nesitifiketi esinekhadi lewaranti. Ukwenziwa kabusha noma ukulungiswa kwe-turbocharger enjalo kungenziwa isikhungo sesevisi esihlome ngokufanelekile futhi okungcono kakhulu esinesipiliyoni seminyaka, esiqinisekisa isevisi yekhwalithi.

ukuxhashazwa

Okubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-turbocharger yindlela injini ecishwa ngayo ngemuva kokuma kwemoto. Uma idrayivu igijima ngesivinini esiphezulu, linda imizuzwana embalwa kuya kwamashumi ambalwa kuze kube yilapho isivinini se-rotor ye-turbocharger sehla, bese uvala ukuthungela. Lapho ukuthungela kucishiwe ngesivinini esiphezulu se-turbocharger, iphampu iyayeka ukuhlinzeka ngamafutha amasha kuma-bearings, futhi uwoyela osele uhlala ushiselwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ushisa futhi ubhubhisa ama-bearings.

Izimpawu zokwehluleka kwe-turbocharger ngokuyinhloko ukwehla kwamandla enjini kanye nokuvela kwentuthu emnyama noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephuma epayipini le-exhaust. Umbala omnyama ukhombisa ukuthambisa okunganele kanye nokushiswa kwensisi, futhi okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubonisa ukuvuza ohlelweni lukawoyela. Ukungasebenzi kahle okubi kakhulu kubonakala ngokukhuphuka komsindo nokungqongqoza. Kulokhu, ngokushesha uye enkonzweni. Kungase kube nezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:

- izinto zangaphandle emoyeni wokungena - lokhu kuholela ekulimaleni kwama-blades futhi ngaleyo ndlela ekulahlekelweni kwebhalansi ye-rotor, okungaholela ekuweni kwayo yonke idivayisi,

- ukungcoliswa kwamafutha - kubangela ukulimala kwama-bearings kanye namajenali we-shaft, okubuye kuholele ekungalinganini kwezinto ezijikelezayo,

- inani elinganele lamafutha - linomthelela ekulimaleni kwama-bearings, ukulahleka kokuqina ngisho nokuqhekeka kwe-shaft ngenxa yokwanda kokungqubuzana,

- imizimba yangaphandle kumagesi aphumayo (isb. ngenxa yama-valve aqondisayo awonakele, izifudumezi) - umphumela ofanayo nemizimba yangaphandle emoyeni owuthathayo; ukulimala kwe-rotor ye-turbine eshayela i-compressor,

- izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lamagesi okukhipha umoya - kubangela ukugcwala okushisayo kwe-turbocharger, okuholela ekuphekeni kwamafutha, ukulimala kwama-turbine blades nama-bearings ayo,

- Ukucindezela kwe-exhaust okwedlulele - kubangela amandla e-axial asebenza ku-rotor ye-turbine, esheshisa ukuguga kwe-thrust bear kanye ne-turbocharger o-rings.

Amanani ama-turbocharger amasha asukela ku-2,5 kuya ku-4 ayizinkulungwane. i-zloty. Idivayisi yeVolkswagen Passat 1.8 enenjini kaphethiloli ibiza i-PLN 2, iSkoda Octavia 400 l (diesel) - PLN 1.9, iBMW 2 (diesel) - PLN 800. Ukufakwa kuyabiza kakhulu - kusuka ku-530 kuya ku-3 ayizinkulungwane. I-PLN (intengo ihlanganisa ukulungiswa kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya). Ukuvuselelwa okuyisisekelo ngekhithi yokulungisa kubiza i-PLN 800 - 7, izindleko ze-turbocharger ngemuva kokuvuselelwa zisuka ku-PLN 10 kuye ku-900.