I-Test drive izinjini zikadizili ezintathu-litre BMW

Injini edonsa ngodizili eyisi-cylinder eyisithupha yamalitha amathathu iBMW itholakala ngemiphumela esuka ku-258 kuye ku-381 hp. I-Alpina ingeza ukutolika kwayo okungama-350 hp kule nhlanganisela. Ngabe udinga ukufaka imali kubagxeki abanamandla noma wenze ngokuthuthukayo ngohlobo lwesisekelo olunenzuzo enkulu?

I-Three-litre turbodiesel enamazinga amane ahlukene wamandla - ekuboneni kuqala, konke kubonakala kucace kakhulu. Lokhu cishe ukufakwa kwe-elekthronikhi kuphela, futhi umehluko usendimeni yokulawula i-microprocessor kuphela. Akunjalo Empeleni! Lokhu akunjalo, uma kuphela ngoba sikhuluma ngezixazululo ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wezinhlelo ze-turbocharging. Futhi-ke, hhayi kuzo kuphela. Kulokhu, imibuzo eminingana ephakama ngokwemvelo: ingabe i-530d akuyona yini inketho engcono kakhulu? Noma ingabe i-535d akuyona inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yekhwalithi nenani? Kungani ungagxili ku-Alpina D5 eyinkimbinkimbi nenamandla kodwa ebizayo yase-Buchloe noma ngokuqondile ku-flagship yaseMunich i-M550d?

Ngaphandle kokwehluka kwamandla ne-torque, kufanele sengeze kuma-akhawunti umehluko we-leva 67 phakathi kwemodeli enenzuzo enkulu futhi ebiza kakhulu. 000d nge-530 hp inenani lentengo eyisisekelo ye-leva engu-258 96, i-780 pence (535 hp) ibiza ama-levi ayi-313 15 ngaphezulu. Lokhu kulandelwa ukweqa okukhulu kwezezimali ku-M 320d naku-550 leva yayo, kanti ohlwini lwamanani e-Alpina sithola imodeli ephakathi nendawo ene-163 hp. ngama-euro angama-750.

Izixazululo zefektri

Yize inamandla amancane kakhulu, okuhlukile kwe-530d nge-torque engu-560 Nm nakho kunikeza ukweqa kwamandla okuzenzekelayo, okuhambisana nokulibaziseka okuncane empendulweni ye-throttle. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba i-Garrett turbocharger enkulu ine-geometry eguquguqukayo (VTG) lapho kufakwa khona ama-van van ekhethekile afana ne-louver endleleni yamagesi okukhipha. Ngokuya ngezikhala ezakhiwe phakathi kwabo, ezilawulwa yi-elekthronikhi ngokuya ngomthwalo nesivinini, ukugeleza kuyasheshiswa kube sezingeni elikhulu noma elincane, kunikeze impendulo esheshayo ye-turbine, yize isayizi namandla amakhulu. Ngale ndlela, ukusheshisa okuzenzakalelayo kuhlangene nomfutho womoya ocindezelwe kakhulu (ibha engu-1,8).

Kokubili i-530d nengane yakubo ephakeme engu-535d bane-aluminium crankcase. Engxenyeni enamandla amakhulu, ingcindezi yokujova uphethiloli inyuswe isuka ku-1800 yaya ku-2000 bar, futhi uhlelo lokushaja manje selunama-turbocharger amabili. Kuma-revs aphansi, i-turbocharger encane (ene-VTG variable geometry) igcwalisa injini, ngenkathi umoya omusha owutholayo usacindezelwe ngokwengxenye enkulu. Khonamanjalo, i-valve eyeqayo iqala ukuvula, ivumela amanye amagesi ageleze ngqo kwi-turbocharger enkulu. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sesikhashana, lapho zombili lezi zingxenye zisebenza, enkulu kancane kancane ithatha umsebenzi wokugcwalisa, isuse encane.

Ingcindezi enkulu ohlelweni ibha engu-2,25, i-compressor enkulu empeleni inguhlobo lwengcindezi ephansi nebha yayo engu-2,15, kuyilapho iyunithi elincane, elenzelwe ukudala umfutho ophakeme, linomsebenzi wokunikeza umoya ukuze uphendule kangcono isivinini esiphansi futhi ihlale ithola umoya ocindezelwe ngaphambili ovela kucompressor enkulu.

Ngokwethiyori, ama-535d kufanele aphendule ngokushesha kune-530d mpintsha egcwele futhi afinyelele kumigwaqo esheshayo ye-torque. Kodwa-ke, izilinganiso ezithathwe nge-auto motor und sport zidweba isithombe esihluke kancane. Kubaqalayo kuya ku-80 km / h, injini ebuthakathaka ishesha kakhulu (3,9 uma kuqhathaniswa namasekhondi angu-4,0), kepha phakathi kuka-80 no-100 km / h ama-535d asevele asebenza ngamandla aphelele futhi aphambi kwe-530d. Izilinganiso ze-Ultra-eqondile ngokusheshisa kwe-1000 rpm ngegiya lesihlanu zibonisa ukuthi ekuqaleni imoto enenjini ebuthakathaka ifinyelela umfowabo onamandla amakhulu futhi kuphela ngemuva kwemizuzwana eyi-1,5 enamandla afinyelela ijubane layo (lapha sikhuluma ngokusheshisa kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-3 km / h) bese uyifica, kusetshenziswa amandla ayo we-torque ephezulu engu-630 Nm.

Elinye iphuzu lokubukwa

I-Alpina D5 ihleli kulolu hlu oluncane phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili, kepha sekukonke iBuchloe inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu ngokusheshisa okuphakathi kokuhlolwa. Kungani kunjalo? I-Alpina isebenzisa injini ye-cascade engu-535d, kepha onjiniyela benkampani bakwenze kahle konke okuphindaphindwayo kokudla ukuze banikeze umoya omningi wokugcwalisa amasilinda. Uhlelo olusha olunobubanzi bamapayipi obukhuphukile kanye nobubanzi obuhle bokugoba kunciphisa ukumelana kokugeleza komoya ngamaphesenti angama-30. Ngakho-ke, injini iphefumula ngokukhululeka, futhi umoya omningi wenza kube lula ukujova uphethiloli owengeziwe futhi, futhi, kukhulisa namandla.

Njengoba i-Alpina crankcase ingaqinisiwe njenge-M 550d, onjiniyela benkampani bandise ingcindezi yokugcwalisa nge-bar engu-0,3 nje. Lokhu, kanye nezinye izindlela zokwengeza amandla, nokho kwaholela ekwenyukeni kwezinga lokushisa kwamagesi e-exhaust ngama-degree angama-50, yingakho amapayipi wokukhipha enziwe ngensimbi engamelana nokushisa ye-D5S.

Uhlelo lwe-turbocharger uqobo luhlala lungashintshiwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba sekushiwo, amapheshana okudla nawokukhipha alungiselelwe futhi usayizi we-intercooler ukhulisiwe. Lezi ezedlule, nokho, zagcina umgomo wokupholisa umoya futhi, ngokungafani nokubanda kwamanzi okuyinkimbinkimbi M 550d, akudingeki ukuthi zisebenzise isekethe lamanzi elihlukile.

Phezulu

Imodeli kadizili ehamba phambili yenkampani yaseBavaria iyona kuphela etholakala njengejwayelekile edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokufaka uphethiloli obunama-turbocharger amathathu. Ngokushesha ngemva kokungenzi lutho, i-turbocharger encane (VTG) ithatha izintambo futhi enkulu (ayikho i-VTG) iletha amandla cishe ngo-1500rpm, ilandela isimiso se-cascade sika-535d - cishe ngo-2700rpm, ivalve yokudlula ephambukisa amanye amagesi ku-turbocharger enkulu . Umehluko ohlelweni lwamabhulokhi amabili ukuthi i-turbocharger yesithathu, futhi encane, yakhelwe kulo mugqa wokudlula.

Idatha kule injini izikhulumela ngokwayo - 381 hp. ukuhlala kuleli zinga ukusuka ku-4000 kuya ku-4400 rpm kusho ilitha lika-127 hp. I-740 Nm ye-torque inikeza ukudonsa okuhle kakhulu, futhi imodi ye-rev ifinyelela ku-5400 rpm, iqhubekela ezindleleni ezijwayelekile zenjini kaphethiloli. Ayikho enye injini kadizili enobubanzi obungako lokusebenza kuyilapho igcina izinga eliphezulu lokudonsa.

Izizathu zalokhu zilele kusisekelo esikhulu sezobuchwepheshe sale njini - hhayi kuphela i-crankcase, i-crankshaft kanye nezinduku zokuxhuma eziye zaqiniswa, okumele zimelane nokucindezela kokusebenza okukhulayo kusuka ku-535 kuya ku-185 bar uma kuqhathaniswa ne-200d. Umfutho womjovo kaphethiloli nawo unyusiwe waba ngamabha angama-2200 futhi uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokujikeleza kwamanzi lupholisa umoya ocindezelwe. Konke lokhu kuphumela ekusebenzeni okuyingqayizivele ngokwemingcele eguquguqukayo - i-M 550d isheshisa ukusuka lapho imile iye ku-100 km / h ngemizuzwana emihlanu futhi kwenye i-15,1 kuya ku-200 km / h. Nokho, ukudalwa kwe-Alpina akusemuva kakhulu, okubonisa ukuthi ukucwengwa ngokucophelela isistimu ye-cascade yamayunithi amabili nayo inamandla amaningi. Yiqiniso, mayelana nedatha ehlanzekile, i-Alpina D5 isala ngemuva kwe-M 550d, kodwa injini yayo kufanele ikwazi ukubhekana nesisindo esincane (120 kg) - iqiniso elichaza ukusheshisa okuseduze kakhulu.

Ukuqhathanisa kwangempela

Ngokufanayo, sikhuluma nge-535d enamandla kancane, kodwa eshibhile kakhulu efinyelela ku-200 km/h cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo nezimbangi zayo zasekhaya. Umehluko omkhulu nakakhulu ungatholakala endleleni imoto esabela ngayo. I-Throttle retardation, evame ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi i-turbo hole, iphakeme kakhulu ku-535d futhi iphansi kakhulu ku-M 550d. Intuthuko enkulu yobuchwepheshe ithintekile lapha - kodwa abukho obunye ubuchwepheshe obunjalo emhlabeni.

Kodwa-ke, amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo nawo avela - lapho isheshisa ku-80 km / h, i-530d idlula enamandla kakhulu nge-50 hp. 535d. Lona wakamuva ube esebuya ebuholini, kodwa ngokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngokwesilinganiso ubika ngaphezulu ilitha ngalinye. I-Alpina iyinkosi ngokwe-elasticity - ukwanda okusheshayo kwe-torque nesisindo esincane uma kuqhathaniswa ne-M 550d kuyinikeza inzuzo enkulu.

Uma ubheka idatha yokusebenza komgwaqo, uzothola ukuthi noma uyiqhathanisa nozakwabo abanamandla, i-530d ayikubi kangako. Ukusebenza kwayo mayelana nokusheshisa okuphakathi kuphansi, kodwa lokhu kuyaqondakala, uma kubhekwa ukudluliswa okuyinhloko okude, okuthi, nokho, kunikeze inzuzo ekusebenziseni uphethiloli lapho ushayela ngesivinini esikhulu. Kodwa-ke, lesi silungiselelo asibi inkinga eguquguqukayo, ngoba uma kwenzeka kuvulwa ngokuzumayo kwe-throttle, ukudluliswa kwe-258-speed ekahle kusabela ngokushesha ngokwanele futhi kuvumela ukusheshisa okuguquguqukayo. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ne-530 hp yayo. I-XNUMXd ingaba yingqwele yohlu lukadizili. Nokho, le nguqulo manje isiphezu kwesinye inkomba - njengesincomo sethu kulesi siqhathaniso.

umbhalo: UMarkus Peters

imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe

I-Alpina D5 BiTurbo	bmw 530d	bmw 535d	BMW M550d xDrive
Ukusebenza kwevolumu	-	-	-	-
Amandla	350 ks ngo-4000 rpm	258 ks ngo-4000 rpm	313 ks ngo-4400 rpm	381 ks ngo-4000 rpm
Ubukhulu torque	-	-	-	-
Ukusheshisa 0-100 km / h	I-5,2 s	I-5,9 s	I-5,6 s	I-5,0 s
Amabhuleki amabhuleki ngejubane lika-100 km / h	-	-	-	-
Максимальная скорость	I-275 km / h	I-250 km / h	I-250 km / h	I-250 km / h
Ukusetshenziswa okumaphakathi uphethiloli esivivinyweni	I-10,3 l	I-8,3 l	I-9,4 l	I-11,2 l
Intengo Base	I-70 950 Euro	96 ​​780 levov	112 ​​100 levov	163 ​​750 levov