Inhlekelele eZeebrugge

Ingozi yesikebhe esineshwa, ilele ngohlangothi. Iqoqo Lezithombe lika-Leo van Ginderen

Ntambama ngoMashi 6, 1987, isikebhe i-Herald of Free Enterprise, esiphethwe umnikazi wemikhumbi waseBrithani u-Townsend Thoresen (manje oyi-P&O European Ferries), sasuka echwebeni lase-Belgian i-Zeebrugge. Umkhumbi, kanye nemikhumbi emibili engamawele, wawusebenza emgqeni oxhumanisa amachweba asezwekazini le-English Channel ne-Dover. Ngenxa yokuthi abanikazi bemikhumbi babegcina abasebenzi abathathu beshifu, imikhumbi yayiqhutshwa ngamandla amakhulu kakhulu. Uma kucatshangwa ukuthi zonke izihlalo zabagibeli zigcwele, bazokwazi ukuthutha abantu abacishe babe ngu-40 bewela umsele emzileni weCalais-Dover. umuntu phakathi nosuku.

Uhambo lwantambama ngoMashi 6 lwahamba kahle. Ngo-18:05 u-"Herald" wehlise olayini abade, ngo-18:24 wadlula amakhanda omnyango, kwathi ngo-18:27 ukapteni waqala ukujika ukuletha umkhumbi endaweni entsha, wabe usuhamba ngesivinini esingu-18,9. amafindo Ngokuphazima kweso, umkhumbi ubhala uhlu oluqondile oluya echwebeni cishe ngo-30°. Izimoto ezithathwe (izimoto ezingu-81, amaloli angu-47 namabhasi angu-3) zashintsha ngokushesha, zandisa umqulu. Amanzi aqala ukungena emgodini ngokusebenzisa ama-portholes, futhi umzuzwana kamuva ngokusebenzisa izindonga, ideski kanye nezimbobo ezivulekile. Ubuhlungu besikebhe bathatha amasekhondi angu-90 kuphela, umkhumbi ofakwe ohlwini wancika ngezansi ohlangothini lwechweba futhi wama kuleyo ndawo. Ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yomkhumbi yayiphumela ngaphezu kwezinga lamanzi. Uma siqhathanisa, singakhumbula ukuthi phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, imikhumbi engama-25 kuphela yeRoyal Navy (cishe i-10% yokulahlekelwa okuphelele) yacwiliswa ngaphansi kwemizuzu engama-25 ...

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le nhlekelele yenzeke endaweni engamamitha angu-800 kuphela ukusuka lapho kuphuma khona ichweba emanzini angashoni kakhulu, inani labashonile lalishaqisayo. Kubagibeli abangu-459 kanye nabasebenzi abangu-80, kwafa abantu abangu-193 (kuhlanganise nentsha engu-15 nezingane eziyisikhombisa ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-13 ubudala, isisulu esincane sazalwa ezinsukwini ezingu-23 ngaphambili). Lokhu kwaba ukulahlekelwa ukuphila okukhulu kunakho konke ngesikhathi sokuthula okulotshwe emibhalweni yezincwadi zemikhumbi yaseBrithani kusukela kwacwila umkhumbi osizayo wokuqapha i-Iolaire ngo-January 1, 1919, ezindleleni eziya eStornoway e-Outer Hebrides (sabhala ngalokhu ku-The Sea 4). /2018).

Inani elikhulu kangaka labantu abalimala lalibangelwa ikakhulukazi ukugingqika komkhumbi okungazelelwe. Abantu ababemangele bajikijelwa ezindongeni futhi banqamula indlela yokuhlehla. Amathuba okusindiswa ancishiswa ngamanzi, angena emkhunjini ngamandla amakhulu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukube umkhumbi wawucwile ekujuleni okukhulu futhi uketuka, inani labafa ngokuqinisekile laliyoba phezulu nakakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isitha esikhulu salabo abakwazi ukushiya umkhumbi ocwilayo kwaba ukupholisa izinto eziphilayo, i-hypothermia - izinga lokushisa lamanzi lalingaba ngu-4 ° C.

Umsebenzi wokutakula

I-shuttle ezikayo ithumele ngokuzenzakalelayo ucingo oluphuthumayo. Irekhodwe yi-Emergency Coordination Center e-Ostend. Abasebenzi be-dredge abasebenza eduze nabo babike ngokunyamalala kwezibani zomkhumbi. Phakathi nemizuzu engu-10, indiza enophephela emhlane yaphakanyiswa emoyeni, eyayisemsebenzini esikhungweni samasosha eduze kwaseZeebrugge. Ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa kwangena enye imoto naye. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, amayunithi amancane emikhumbi yechweba aye ukusiza - phela, inhlekelele yenzeke cishe phambi kwezisebenzi zabo. I-Radio Ostend icele ukubamba iqhaza esenzweni samaqembu akhethekile wokuhlenga avela eNetherlands, Great Britain naseFrance. Kuphinde kwenziwa namalungiselelo okuletha izisebenzi zabatshuzi nabatshuzi abavela eBelgian Navy, abaphuthunyiswe endaweni yengozi ngendiza enophephela emhlane ngemva nje kwesigamu sehora sigingqikile isikebhe. Ukugqugquzelwa kwebutho elibi kangaka kwasindisa ukuphila kwabaningi balabo abasinda emizuzwaneni engu-90 ebalulekile yokucwila komkhumbi futhi abazange banqanyulwe amanzi angaphakathi emkhunjini. Izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezifike endaweni yengozi zathatha abasindile, okwathi bona ngokwabo, ngamafasitela aphukile, bafika ohlangothini lomkhumbi oluphume phezu kwamanzi. Izikebhe nezikebhe zathatha abasindile emanzini. Kulokhu, isikhathi sasiyigugu. Emazingeni okushisa amanzi angaba ngu-4 °C ngaleso sikhathi, umuntu ophile kahle noqinile wayengahlala kuwo, kuye ngokuthi umuntu uzizwa kanjani, isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa. Ngo-21:45, abatakuli base bebeke abantu abangu-200 ogwini, futhi ngemva kwehora bengenile emagcekeni esikebhe esingagcwele amanzi, inani labasindile ladlula abantu abangu-250.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaqembu abatshuzi aya ezingxenyeni ezicwile zomkhumbi. Kwakubonakala sengathi imizamo yabo yayingeke ilethe noma yimuphi umphumela, ngaphandle kokukhishwa kwesinye isidumbu. Nokho, ngo-00:25, abathathu abasindile batholakala kwelinye lamagumbi ohlangothini lwechweba. Indawo abafice kuyo le nhlekelele ayizange igcwale ngokuphelele, kwakhiwe i-airbag kuyo, evumela izisulu ukuba ziphile kuze kufike usizo. Nokho, babengabokugcina abasinda.

Ngemva kwenyanga kwenzeke ingozi, izinsalela zesikebhe, ezivimbe umgwaqo obalulekile, zasuswa yimizamo yenkampani eyaziwayo i-Smit-Tak Towage and Salvage (ingxenye ye-Smit International AS). Okhrayini abathathu abantantayo kanye namaphontoni amabili okutakula, asekelwa ukudonsa, baqale babeka isikebhe endaweni elinganayo base beqala ukudonsa amanzi ngaphandle kwesikebhe. Lapho imfucumfucu isiphinde yaba namandla, yadonselwa e-Zeebrugge yabe isiwela i-Westerschelde (umlomo we-Scheldt) yayiswa endaweni yemikhumbi yamaDashi i-De Schelde e-Vlissingen. Isimo sobuchwepheshe somkhumbi senze ukulungiswa kwenzeke, kodwa umnikazi womkhumbi wayengenasithakazelo kulokhu, futhi abanye abathengi babengazimisele ukukhetha isisombululo esinjalo. Ngakho-ke isikebhe sagcina sisezandleni ze-Compania Naviera SA yase-Kingstown e-St. Vincent nase-Grenadines, eyanquma ukulahla umkhumbi hhayi eYurophu, kodwa e-Kaohsiung, e-Taiwan. Ukudonsa kwenziwa kusukela ngo-Okthoba 5, 1987 kuya ku-March 22, 1988 yi-Dutch tug Markusturm. Kwakukhona imizwa ethile. Izisebenzi ezidonsayo zaqale zasinda eSiphepho Esikhulu eCape Finisterre, nakuba idonsa yaphuka, kwase kuqala ukuguguleka amanzi, awaphoqe ePort Elizabeth, eNingizimu Afrika.

Umnikazi womkhumbi nomkhumbi

I-Townsend Thoresen Shipping Company yasungulwa ngokuthengwa ngo-1959 yiqembu le-Monument Securities lenkampani yokuthumela ngemikhumbi yase-Townsend Car Ferries kwase kuba yi-Otto Thoresen Shipping Company, okwakuyinkampani yayo engumzali. Ngo-1971, lona leli qembu lathola i-Atlantic Steam Navigation Company Ltd (ebizwa ngokuthi iTransport Ferry Service). Womathathu amabhizinisi, ahlanganiswe ngaphansi kwe-European Ferries, asebenzise igama lomkhiqizo we-Townsend Thoresen.