Ukushayelwa Kwezimoto: Konke Okudingeka Ukwazi

Cabanga nje ukuthi zingaki izingozi ezimbalwa uma izimoto zingama ujuqu. Ngeshwa, imithetho eyisisekelo ye-physics ithi lokhu akunakwenzeka. Ibanga lokubhuleka alikwazi ukulingana namamitha angu-0.

Kuyisiko ukuthi abakhiqizi bezimoto "baziqhayise" ngesinye isibonakaliso: ukusheshisa ukusheshisa kuze kufike ku-100 km / h. Vele, nalokhu kubalulekile. Kepha kungaba kuhle ukwazi ukuthi ibanga lamabhuleki lizolula ngamamitha amangaki. Ngemuva kwalokho, yehlukile ezimotweni ezihlukile. 

Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela ukuthi yiluphi umshayeli okudingeka alwazi ngokuma amabanga ukuze aphephe emgwaqeni. Bopha ibhande bese sihamba!

Liyini ibanga lokuma lemoto?

Ibanga le-braking ibanga elihamba imoto ngemuva kokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-braking system ize ime. Lena ipharamitha yezobuchwepheshe kuphela, lapho kuhlanganiswa nezinye izinto, ukuphepha kwemoto kunqunywa. Le parameter ayifaki isivinini sokuphendula komshayeli.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwendlela umshayeli asabela ngayo esimweni esiphuthumayo nebanga ukusuka ekuqaleni kwebhuleki (umshayeli ucindezele iphedali) ukuma nse kwemoto kubizwa ngebanga lokuma.

Yini i-braking distance

Imithetho yomgwaqo ikhombisa amapharamitha abucayi lapho kungavunyelwe khona ukusebenza kwemoto. Imikhawulo ephezulu yilena:

Uhlobo lwezokuthutha:	Ibhuleki amabhuleki, m
Isithuthuthu / i-moped	7,5
Imoto	14,7
Ibhasi / iloli elinesisindo esingamathani ayi-12	18,3
Iloli elinesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani ayi-12	19,5

Njengoba ibanga lokuma ngokuqondile lincike ejubaneni lemoto, ibanga elibalulwe ngenhla elimbozwe yimoto lapho ijubane lehla lisuka ku-30 ​​km/h libhekwa njengenkomba ebalulekile. (ezimotweni) kanye no-40 km/h. (yezimoto namabhasi) kuye kuqanda.

Ibanga lokumisa

Ukusabela kancane kakhulu kohlelo lwe-braking kuholela ekulimaleni kwemoto futhi kuvame ukulimala kulabo abakuyo. Ukucacelwa: imoto ehamba ngejubane lama-35 km / h izoshayisana nesithiyo esinamandla acishe afane naleyo yokuwa ukusuka ebangeni elingamamitha amahlanu. Uma isivinini semoto kungqubuzana nesithiyo sifike ku-55 km / h, amandla okuthelela azofana lapho ewa esitezi sesithathu (90 km / h - ewa esitezi sesi-9, noma ukuphakama kwamamitha angama-30).

Le miphumela yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthi umshayeli aqaphe isimo sohlelo lwamabhuleki emoto, kanye ukugqoka isondo.

Ifomula yebanga lokubhuleka?

Ifomula yebanga lokubhuleka

Ibanga lokubhuleka imoto - leli yibanga elihanjiwe phakathi nesikhathi lapho umshayeli ezwa ingozi futhi imoto ime ngokuphelele. Ngakho, kuhlanganisa ibanga elihanjiwe ngesikhathi sokusabela (isekhondi elingu-1) kanye nebanga lokuma. Iyahlukahluka kuye ngesivinini, izimo zomgwaqo (imvula, amatshe), imoto (isimo samabhuleki, isimo sesondo, njll.), kanye nesimo somshayeli (ukukhathala, izidakamizwa, utshwala, njll.)

Ukubala kwebanga lokubhuleka elomile - ifomula

Ukuze ubale ibanga elihanjwe yimoto endaweni eyomile yomgwaqo, abasebenzisi bamane badinga ukuphindaphinda okweshumi kwejubane ngokwalo, okunikeza isibalo esilandelayo: (V/10)²=Ibanga lokuma elomile .

• Ngejubane lika-50 km/h, ibanga lokubhuleka = 5 x 5 = 25 m.
• Ngejubane lika-80 km/h, ibanga lokuma = 8 x 8 = 64 m.
• Ngejubane lika-100 km/h, ibanga lokubhuleka = 10 x 10 = 100 m.
• Ngejubane lika-130 km/h, ibanga lokubhuleka = 13 x 13 = 169 m.

Ukubala kwebanga lokubhuleka okumanzi - ifomula

Abasebenzisi bomgwaqo bangakwazi futhi ukubala ibanga lokuma lemoto yabo uma ishayela ezindaweni ezimanzi zomgwaqo. Okufanele bakwenze nje ukuthatha ibanga lokuma esimweni sezulu esomile bese bengeza ingxenye yebanga elifanayo lokubhuleka esimweni sezulu esomile, banikeze isibalo esilandelayo: (V/10)²+((V/10)²/2)=ibanga lokuma elimanzi.

• Ngejubane lika-50 km/h, ibanga lokubhuleka lesimo sezulu esimanzi = 25+(25/2) = 37,5 m.
• Ngejubane lika-80 km/h, ibanga lokubhuleka lesimo sezulu esimanzi = 80+(80/2) = 120 m.
• Ngejubane lika-100 km/h, ibanga lokubhuleka lesimo sezulu esimanzi = 100+(100/2) = 150 m.
• Ngejubane lika-130 km/h, ibanga lokubhuleka lesimo sezulu esimanzi = 169+(169/2) = 253,5 m.

Izinto ezithinta ibanga lokubhuleka

Kunezici eziningana ezinethonya elithile esikhathini somshayeli asabela ngaso: izinga lakhe lotshwala egazini, ukusebenzisa kwakhe izidakamizwa, isimo sakhe sokukhathala, nezinga lakhe lokugxilisa ingqondo. Ngaphezu kwejubane lemoto, izimo zezulu, izimo zomgwaqo kanye nokuguga kwamasondo nakho kuyabhekwa lapho kubalwa ibanga lokubhuleka.

Ibanga lokusabela

Leli gama, elibizwa nangokuthi ibanga lokubona-ukusabela yibanga elihanjwa yimoto phakathi nesikhathi lapho umshayeli ebona khona ingozi kanye nesikhathi lapho ukwaziswa kuhlaziywa ubuchopho bakhe. Sivame ukukhuluma mayelana ubude besikhathi 2 amasekhondi kubashayeli abashayela ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle. Kwabanye, isikhathi sokusabela side kakhulu, futhi lokhu kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nesivinini eseqile, esinomthelela oqondile wokwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokushayisana.

Amabhuleki amabhuleki

Uma sikhuluma ngebanga lokuma, sisho ibanga elihanjwa yimoto. kusukela ngesikhathi umshayeli ecindezela ibhuleki kuze imoto ime ngokuphelele. Njengebanga lokusabela, lapho imoto ishesha, iba yibanga elide lokuma.

Ngakho, ifomula yebanga lokuma ingamelwa kanje:

Ibanga lokubhuleka eliphelele = ibanga lokusabela + ibanga lokubhuleka

Ungasibala kanjani isikhathi sokumisa esiphelele nebanga lokumisa eliphelele?

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, umshayeli udinga isikhathi sokwenza isinqumo mayelana nokubhaka amabhuleki. Lokho wukuthi, ukusabela. Futhi, kuthatha isikhathi ukuhambisa unyawo lwakho kusuka kuphethiloli yegesi ukuyise emabhulekini ukuze imoto isabele kulesi senzo. 

Kukhona ifomula ebala indlela yokuphendula yomshayeli ojwayelekile. Nanguya:

(Ijubane nge-km / h: 10) * 3 = ibanga lokuphendula ngamamitha

Ake sicabange ngesimo esifanayo. Ushayela ngama-50 km / h bese unquma ukubhuleka kahle. Ngenkathi uthatha isinqumo, imoto izohamba u-50/10 * 3 = 15 amamitha. Inani lesibili (ubude bebanga lokuma langempela), esikubheke ngenhla - amamitha angama-25. Ngenxa yalokhu, u-15 + 25 = 40. Leli ibanga elizohanjwa imoto yakho uze ume ngokuphelele.

Yiziphi izinto ezithinta ukubopha amabhuleki nokuma ibanga?

Sesivele sibhale ngenhla ukuthi izinto eziningi zinomthelela ebangeni lokuma. Siphakamisa ukuthi sibacabangele ngokuningiliziwe.

Isivinini

Lesi yisici esiyinhloko. Lokhu akubhekisi nje kuphela esivinini semoto, kepha nasejubaneni lokuphendula komshayeli. Kukholakala ukuthi ukusabela kwawo wonke umuntu kucishe kufane, kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokushayela, isimo sempilo yomuntu, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi nguye, njll. Futhi, abashayeli abaningi "budedengu" abawunaki umthetho futhi baphazanyiswa ama-Smartphones ngenkathi beshayela, okungaholela emiphumeleni emibi.

Khumbula iphuzu elilodwa elibaluleke kakhulu. Uma ijubane lemoto liphindeka kabili, ibanga lokuma kwalo liphindeka kane! Lapha isilinganiso esingu-4: 1 asisebenzi.

Izimo zokuhamba

Ngokungangabazeki, isimo sendawo yomgwaqo sithinta ubude bolayini wamabhuleki. Ku-track ebandayo noma emanzi, ingakhula kwesinye isikhathi. Kepha akuzona zonke lezi zinto. Kufanele futhi uqaphele amaqabunga awile, lapho amathayi egeleza khona ngokuphelele, aqhekeka ebusweni, emigodini, njalonjalo.

Шины

Ikhwalithi nesimo senjoloba sithinta kakhulu ubude bolayini wamabhuleki. Imvamisa, amathayi abiza kakhulu abambelela kangcono emgwaqeni. Sicela wazi ukuthi uma ukujula kokunyathela sekugugile ngaphezu kwenani elivunyelwe, iraba lilahlekelwa amandla okukhipha inani elanele lamanzi lapho ushayela emgwaqeni omanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, ungahle uhlangane nento engemnandi njengokuhamba emanzini - lapho imoto isihluleka ukubamba futhi ingasalawuleki ngokuphelele. 

Ukuze unciphise ibanga lokubhuleka, kunconywa ukugcina umfutho wesondo olungile. Iyiphi - umenzi we-automaker uzokuphendulela lo mbuzo. Uma inani lichezuka liye phezulu noma phansi, ulayini wokubhuleka uzokhula. 

Ngokuya ngokuqina kokunamathela kwamathayi ebusweni bomgwaqo, le nkomba izohluka. Nayi itafula eliqhathanisekayo lokuncika kwebanga lokubhreka ngekhwalithi yendlela yomgwaqo (imoto yomgibeli, amasondo ayo anokulingana kokulingana kokulingana):

	60km / h	80 km / h	90 km / h
I-asphalt eyomile, m.	20,2	35,9	45,5
I-asphalt emanzi, m.	35,4	62,9	79,7
Umgwaqo ombozwe yiqhwa, m.	70,8	125,9	159,4
IGlaze, m.	141,7	251,9	318,8

Vele, lezi zinkomba zihlobene, kepha zikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuqapha isimo samathayi ezimoto.

Isimo sobuchwepheshe somshini

Imoto ingangena kuphela emgwaqweni isesimweni esihle - lena yi-axiom engadingi bufakazi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza ukuhlola okujwayelekile kwemoto yakho, ulungise ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ushintshe i-brake fluid.

Khumbula ukuthi ama-disc brake agugile angawuphinda kabili umugqa wamabhuleki.

Ukuphazamiseka endleleni

Ngenkathi imoto ihamba, umshayeli akanalo ilungelo lokuphazanyiswa ukushayela imoto nokulawula isimo sethrafikhi. Hhayi kuphela ukuphepha kwayo okuncike kulokhu, kodwa nezimpilo zabagibeli, kanye nabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo.

Nakhu okwenzeka ebuchosheni bomshayeli lapho kuvela isimo esiphuthumayo:

• ukuhlolwa kwesimo sezimoto;
• ukuthatha izinqumo - ukwehlisa ijubane noma ukuhambisa;
• impendulo esimweni.

Ngokuya ngekhono lomshayeli, isivinini sokuphendula esiphakathi nendawo siphakathi kwemizuzwana engu-0,8 no-1,0. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kumayelana nesimo esiphuthumayo, hhayi inqubo ecishe izenzekele lapho unciphisa ijubane kumgwaqo ojwayelekile.

Isikhathi sokusabela + Ibanga lokumisa = Ibanga lokumisa

Kwabaningi, lesi sikhathi sibukeka singabalulekile ukunakwa, kepha ukungayinaki ingozi kungaholela emiphumeleni ebulalayo. Nalu itafula lobudlelwano phakathi kokuphendula komshayeli nebanga elihanjiwe yimoto:

Ijubane lemoto, km / h.	Ibanga kuze kube yilapho kucindezelwa ukubopha (isikhathi sihlala silingana - isekhondi elingu-1), M.
60	17
80	22
100	28

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ngisho nokubambezeleka okubonakala kungabalulekile kungaholela emiphumeleni edabukisayo. Yingakho wonke umshayeli wemoto kungafanele ephule lo mthetho: "Ungaphazanyiswa futhi unamathele kumkhawulo wejubane!"

Ukunciphisa izinga lapho ubhuleka

Izici ezahlukahlukene zingaphazamisa umshayeli ekushayeleni:

• umakhalekhukhwini - ngisho nokubona ukuthi ubani ofonayo (lapho ukhuluma nocingo, ukusabela komshayeli kuyefana nokwomuntu osesimweni sokudakwa ngokweqile);
• ukubheka imoto edlulayo noma ukujabulela ubuhle bendawo;
• ukubopha ibhande;
• ukudla ukudla ngenkathi ushayela;
• ukuwa kwe-DVR evulekile noma iselula;
• Ukucaciswa kobudlelwano phakathi komshayeli nomgibeli.

Eqinisweni, akunakwenzeka ukwenza uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke izinto ezingaphazamisa umshayeli ekushayeleni. Ngenxa yalokhu, wonke umuntu kufanele aqaphele ngomgwaqo, futhi abagibeli bazohlomula ngalo mkhuba wokungaphazamisi umshayeli ekushayeleni.

Isimo sokudakwa utshwala noma izidakamizwa

Umthetho wamazwe amaningi emhlabeni uyakwenqabela ukushayela udle izidakamizwa noma utshwala. Lokhu akubangelwa ukuthi abashayeli benqatshelwe ukujabulela ukuphila ngokugcwele. Ibanga lokubhuleka lemoto lincike kulesi simo.

Lapho umuntu engaphansi kwethonya lezidakamizwa noma utshwala, ukusabela kwakhe kuyancipha (lokhu kuncike ezingeni lokudakwa, kodwa ukusabela kuzohamba kancane noma kunjalo). Ngisho noma imoto ifakwe ama-braking systems athuthuke kakhulu nabasizi, ukucindezela i-brake pedal sekwephuzile kakhulu esimweni esiphuthumayo kuzoholela engozini. Ngaphezu kokubamba amabhuleki, umshayeli ophuzile usabela kancane esidingweni sokwenza okuthile.

Liyini ibanga lamabhuleki ngejubane lama-50, 80 no-110 km / h.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ngenxa yokuhlukahluka okuningi, akunakwenzeka ukwakha itafula elicacile elichaza ibanga lokuma ngqo lemoto ngayinye. Lokhu kuthonywa isimo sobuchwepheshe semoto kanye nekhwalithi yendawo yomgwaqo.

Isilinganiso sebhuleki lesilinganiso semoto yomgibeli enohlelo olusebenzayo, amathayi asezingeni eliphakeme nokusabela okujwayelekile komshayeli:

Ijubane, km / h.	Isilinganiso sebhuleki esilinganisiwe, m
50	28 (noma imizimba eyisithupha yezimoto)
80	53 (noma izidumbu zemoto eziyi-13)
110	96 (noma izakhiwo ezingama-24)

Isimo esinemibandela esilandelayo sikhombisa ukuthi kungani kubalulekile ukulandela umkhawulo wejubane futhi ungathembeli emabhulekini "aphelele" Ukuma ngaphambi kokweqa abahamba ngezinyawo kusuka ngejubane lama-50 km / h kuya ku-zero, imoto izodinga ibanga cishe lamamitha angama-30. Uma umshayeli ephula umkhawulo wejubane futhi ehamba ngejubane lama-80 km / h, lapho-ke lapho ephendula ebangeni elingamamitha angama-30 ngaphambi kokuwela, imoto izoshaya umuntu ohamba ngezinyawo. Kulokhu, isivinini semoto sizoba cishe ngama-60 km / h.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, akufanele uthembele ekuthembekeni kwemoto yakho, kepha kuzolunga ukuhambisana nezincomo, ngoba zithathwe ezimeni zangempela.

Yini enquma ibanga lokumisa elijwayelekile lanoma iyiphi imoto

Ukufingqa, siyabona ukuthi ibanga lokubhreyikhi lanoma iyiphi imoto lincike enhlanganisweni yalezi zinto:

• isivinini semoto;
• isisindo somshini;
• ukusebenziseka kwezindlela zokubopha;
• ukuhlangana kokuqina kwamathayi;
• ikhwalithi yendawo yomgwaqo.

Ukusabela komshayeli kuthinta futhi ukuma kwebanga lemoto.

Ukucabanga ukuthi esimweni esiphuthumayo ubuchopho bomshayeli budinga ukucubungula imininingwane eminingi, ukunamathela emkhawulweni wejubane kungumyalo wokuqala, ukubaluleka kwawo ongeke kuyeke ukuthi kuxoxwe ngakho.

Isilinganiso sithathwa nini futhi kanjani

Ukubalwa kwebanga lamabhuleki kuzodingeka lapho imoto ihlolwa ngemuva kwengozi enkulu (i-forensic examination), ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe bomshini, kanye nangemva kokuvuselelwa kohlelo lwamabhuleki.

Kukhona ama-calculator e-inthanethi ahlukahlukene lapho umshayeli angahlola ngokuzimela le mingcele yemoto yakhe. Isibonelo sesibali esinjalo ngu ngalesi sixhumanisi... Ungasebenzisa le wokubala khona kanye emgwaqeni. Into esemqoka ukufinyelela i-Inthanethi. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, sizocubungula ukuthi yimaphi amafomula angasetshenziswa ukubala le parameter.

Ungakhuphula kanjani umfutho wokwehliswa

Okokuqala, ukusebenza kwe-deceleration kuncike ekulaleleni komshayeli. Ngisho uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lwamabhuleki kanye neqoqo eliphelele labasizi be-elektroniki abakwazi ukushintsha imithetho ye-physics. Ngakho-ke, akunasimo lapho kufanele uphazamiseke ekushayeleni imoto ngokushaya izingcingo (noma ngabe kusetshenziswa uhlelo olungenazandla, ukusabela kwabanye abashayeli kunganciphisa kakhulu), ukuthumela imiyalezo nokubuka izindawo ezinhle ezinhle.

Isici esibaluleke ngokulinganayo yikhono lomshayeli lokulindela isimo esiphuthumayo. Isibonelo, lapho usondela empambanweni yomgwaqo, noma ngabe umgwaqo wesibili useduze nomgwaqo omkhulu, futhi kunophawu oluthi “Give way” kulo, umshayeli udinga ukugxila kakhudlwana. Isizathu ukuthi kukhona abashayeli bezimoto abakholelwa ukuthi ubukhulu bezimoto zabo bubanikeza onqenqemeni lomgwaqo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi zinezimpawu zini. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungcono ukulungela ukubhuleka ezimeni eziphuthumayo kunokuthola kamuva ukuthi ngubani okufanele azinikele kubani.

Ukuguqula nokuhamba emgwaqeni kufanele kwenziwe ngokulingana okulinganayo, ikakhulukazi ngokubheka izindawo ezingaboni. Kunoma ikuphi, ukugxila komshayeli kuthinta isikhathi sokuphendula futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwehla kwemoto. Kodwa-ke, okubaluleke kangako yisimo sobuchwepheshe semoto, kanye nokuba khona kwezinhlelo ezengeziwe ezandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki.

Futhi, uma umshayeli ekhetha ijubane eliphephile, lokhu kungalinciphisa kakhulu ibanga lokuma kwemoto. Lokhu kumayelana nezenzo zomshayeli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuba ucabangele umthwalo umshini, kanye nekhono kohlelo unyathela amabhuleki. Okungukuthi, ingxenye yezobuchwepheshe yemoto. Izinhlobo eziningi zesimanje zemoto zinama-amplifiers ahlukene nezinhlelo ezengeziwe, ezinciphisa kakhulu indlela yokuphendula nesikhathi sokuma okuphelele kwemoto. Lezi zindlela zifaka ama-brake boosters, uhlelo lwe-ABS, nabasizi bakagesi ukuvimbela ukushayisana okungaphambili. Futhi, ukufakwa kwamabhuleki kanye namadiski athuthukisiwe kunciphisa kakhulu ibanga lokubhabha.

Kepha noma ngabe "izimele" kanjani i-elektroniki yemoto noma ama-actuator anokwethenjelwa ohlelo lwamabhuleki, akekho noyedwa owakhansele ukulalela komshayeli. Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha impilo yezinqubo nokwenza ukulungiswa okuhleliwe ngesikhathi esifanele.

Ukuma nokuhamba amabhuleki emoto: yini umehluko

Ibanga lamabhuleki ibanga elihanjwa yimoto kusuka ngesikhathi umshayeli ecindezela ibhuloho. Ukuqala kwale ndlela yisikhathi lapho kusebenze khona uhlelo lwamabhuleki, futhi ukuphela kuyisitobhi esiphelele semoto.

Leli nani ngaso sonke isikhathi lixhomeke esivinini semoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlala i-quadratic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ibhuleki lebhuleki lihlala lilingana nokwanda kwejubane lemoto. Uma ijubane lemoto liphindwe kabili kunomkhawulo wejubane, imoto izoma ize ibanga eliphindwe kane kunesilinganiso.

Futhi, leli xabiso lithonywe isisindo semoto, isimo sohlelo lwamabhuleki, ikhwalithi yendlela yomgwaqo, kanye nokugqokwa kokunyathela emasondweni.

Kepha izinqubo ezithinta ukuma okuphelele komshini zifaka isikhathi eside kakhulu kunesikhathi sokuphendula sohlelo lwamabhuleki. Omunye umqondo obaluleke ngokulinganayo othinta ukwehla kwemoto isikhathi sokuphendula komshayeli. Lesi yisikhathi lapho umshayeli esabela kusithiyo esitholakele. Umshayeli wemoto ojwayelekile uthatha cishe umzuzwana owodwa phakathi kokuthola isithiyo nokucindezela isisekelo sebhuleki. Kwabanye, le nqubo ithatha imizuzwana engu-0.5 kuphela, kanti kwabanye ithatha isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi isebenzisa uhlelo lwamabhuleki kuphela ngemuva kwemizuzwana emibili.

Indlela yokuphendula ihlala ilingana ngqo nejubane lemoto. Isikhathi sokuphendula somuntu othile kungenzeka singashintshi, kepha kuya ngejubane, ngalesi sikhathi imoto izohamba ibanga layo. Lezi zinombolo ezimbili, ibhuleki lebhuleki nebanga lokuphendula, zengeza ebangeni lokumisa lomshini.

Ungasibala kanjani isikhathi sokumisa esiphelele nebanga lokumisa eliphelele?

Akunakwenzeka ukwenza izibalo ezinembile emotweni engabonakali. Imvamisa ibanga le-braking libalwa ukuthi leli xabiso beliyini lemoto ethile ngejubane elithile. Njengoba sesishilo, ukwanda kwebanga lokuma kuyi-quadratic kukwanda kwejubane lemoto.

Kepha kukhona nezibalo ezijwayelekile. Kucatshangwa ukuthi imoto yomgibeli esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo ngejubane le-10 km / h inebhuleki elingamamitha ayi-0.4. Uma sithatha lesi silinganiso njengesisekelo, khona-ke kungenzeka ukubala ibhuleki lezimoto ezihamba ngejubane lama-20 km / h (inani liyi-1.6 m) noma i-50 km / h (inkomba ingamamitha ayi-10), futhi njalonjalo.

Ukubala ngokunembile ibanga lokuma, udinga ukusebenzisa imininingwane eyengeziwe. Isibonelo, uma ucabangela izinga lokumelana kwamathayi (i-coefficient of friction ye-asphalt eyomile ingu-0.8, futhi emgwaqweni obandayo u-0.1). Le pharamitha ifakwe esikhundleni sefomula elandelayo. Ibreakbraking = isikwele sejubane (ngamakhilomitha / ngehora) elihlukaniswe nge-coefficient of friction liphindaphindwe ngama-250. Uma imoto ihamba ngejubane lama-50 km / h, ngokusho kwale fomula, ibhuleki lebhuleki selivele liyi-12.5 amamitha.

Kukhona enye ifomula yokuthola isibalo esithile sendlela yokuphendula yomshayeli. Izibalo zimi kanje. Indlela yokusabela = isivinini semoto esihlukaniswe ngo-10, bese uphindaphindeka umphumela ngo-3. Uma ufaka enye imoto ehamba ngesivinini esingu-50 km / h kule fomula, indlela yokusabela izoba ngamamitha ayi-15.

Ukuma okuphelele kwemoto (ijubane elifanayo lamakhilomitha angama-50 ngehora) kuzokwenzeka ngo-12.5 + 15 = 27.5 wamamitha. Kepha nalokhu akuzona izibalo ezinembe kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokumiswa okuphelele kwemoto sibalwa ngefomula:

P (isitobhu esigcwele) = (ukuphindaphindeka koquffefficient of braking ukusebenza kahle kanye nejubane lokuqala lokubhaka amabhuleki elihlukaniswe ngokuphindaphindeka kokusheshisa kwamandla adonsela phansi kanye ne-coefficient yokunamathela kwamathayi ku-asphalt) + isikhathi sokuphendula somshayeli + Isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-brake system drive + ukuphindaphindwa kwesikhathi sokukhula kwamabhuleki ngo-0.5.

Ngakho-ke, njengoba ubona, izinto eziningi zithinta ukuzimisela kokuma okuphelele kwemoto, okungahluka ngokuphelele ngokuya ngesimo sendlela. Ngalesi sizathu, futhi: umshayeli kumele ngaso sonke isikhathi aphathe okwenzekayo emgwaqeni.

Ungakhuphula kanjani umfutho wokwehliswa

Ukuze unciphise ibanga lokuma ezimeni ezahlukene, umshayeli angasebenzisa enye yezindlela ezimbili. Inhlanganisela yalokhu ingaba ngcono kakhulu:

• Ukubona kusengaphambili komshayeli. Le ndlela ihlanganisa ikhono lomshayeli lokulindela izimo eziyingozi futhi akhethe isivinini esiphephile nebanga elilungile. Isibonelo, ithrekhi eyisicaba futhi eyomile, i-Moskvich ingasheshiswa, kodwa uma umgwaqo ushelela futhi ugoqa ngokugeleza okukhulu kwezimoto, khona-ke kulokhu kungaba ngcono ukwehlisa ijubane. Imoto enjalo izonciphisa kancane kancane kunemoto yangaphandle yesimanje. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukunaka ukuthi umshayeli usebenzisa yiphi indlela yokubhuleka. Isibonelo, emotweni engahlomile nganoma yiluphi uhlelo olusizayo, njenge-ABS, ukufakwa kungazelelwe kwebhuleki esitobhini kuvame ukuholela ekulahlekelweni kokudonsa. Ukuze uvimbele imoto ukuthi ingashibiliki emgwaqeni ongazinzile, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ukubhuleka kwenjini ngegiya eliphansi futhi ucindezele ngezikhathi ezithile i-brake pedal.
• Ukulungiswa kwemoto. Uma umnikazi wemoto ehlomisa imoto yakhe ngezinto ezisebenza kahle lapho ukubhuleka kuncike khona, khona-ke uzokwazi ukukhulisa ukuqina kwemoto yakhe. Isibonelo, ungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhuleki ngokufaka ama-brake pads namadiski, kanye namathayi amahle. Uma imoto ikuvumela ukuthi ufake kuyo izindlela ezengeziwe noma izinhlelo ezisizayo (i-anti-lock braking, i-braking assistant), khona-ke lokhu kuzophinde kunciphise ibanga lokubhuleka.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Le vidiyo ikhombisa ukuthi ungabhuleka kanjani kahle esimweni esiphuthumayo uma imoto ingenayo i-ABS:

Isifundo 8.7. I-Emergency braking ngaphandle kwe-ABS

Ungalinquma kanjani ijubane ebangeni le-braking?

Akuwona wonke umshayeli owaziyo ukuthi ibanga lokumisa imoto ngesivinini esingama-60 km / h, kuye ngokuthi izimo zokubhuleka, kungaba amamitha angu-20 noma angu-160. Ikhono lemoto lokunciphisa ijubane elidingekayo lincike kokubili komgwaqo kanye nezimo zezulu, kanye nokuzinza nokulawulwa kwezici zokubhuleka zemoto.

Ukubala isivinini sokubhuleka semoto udinga ukwazi: ukwehla okuphezulu, ibanga lokubhuleka, isikhathi sokuphendula amabhuleki, uhla loshintsho kumandla okubhuleka.

Ifomula yokubala isivinini semoto ukusuka kubude bebanga lokubhuleka: 

V - isivinini ku-km/h;
S - ibanga lokuma ngamamitha;
K_т - i-coefficient ye-braking yemoto;
K_sc - i-coefficient of adhesion yemoto emgwaqeni;

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

1. Unganquma kanjaniisivinini b eduze kwebhuleki? Ukuze wenze lokhu, bhekela uhlobo lomgwaqo, ubukhulu nohlobo lwemoto, isimo samathayi, nesikhathi sokuphendula komshayeli.

2. Ungalinquma kanjani ijubane lemoto ngaphandle kwebhuleki? Ithebula lesikhathi sokuphendula komshayeli liqhathanisa ijubane elilinganisiwe. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba nerekhoda yevidiyo enokulungiswa kwejubane.

3. Ngabe izigaba zini ezifakwa amabhuleki? Ibanga elihanjiwe ngesikhathi kufakwa amabhuleki, kanye nebanga elihanjiwe ngenkathi kwehliswa isimo esimile ngokuphelele.

4. Luyini ibanga lokuma ngejubane lama-40 km / h? I-asphalt emanzi, ukushisa komoya, isisindo semoto, uhlobo lwamasondo, ukutholakala kwezinhlelo ezengeziwe eziqinisekisa ukuma okuthembekile kwemoto - konke lokhu kuthinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Kepha nge-asphalt eyomile, izinkampani eziningi ezenza ucwaningo olufanayo zinikeza imininingwane efanayo. Kuleli jubane, ibanga lebhuleki lemoto yomgibeli liphakathi kwamamitha ayi-9. Kepha ibanga lokuma (ukusabela komshayeli lapho umshayeli ebona isithiyo bese ecindezela ibhuleki, okuthatha cishe umzuzwana owodwa ngokwesilinganiso + ibhuleki lebhuleki) kuzoba ngamamitha ayi-7 ubude.

5. Liyini ibanga lokuma ngejubane lika-100 km / h? Uma imoto isheshisa iye ku-100 km / h, khona-ke ibhuleki ku-asphalt elomile lizoba ngamamitha angama-59. Ibanga lokuma kuleli cala lizoba ngamamitha ayi-19 ubude. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngesikhathi kutholakala isithiyo emgwaqeni esidinga ukuthi imoto ime, futhi ize ime ngokuphelele, ibanga elingaphezu kwamamitha angama-78 liyadingeka ngaleli jubane.

6. Liyini ibanga lokuma ngejubane lika-50 km / h? Uma imoto isheshisa iye ku-50 km / h, khona-ke ibhuleki ku-asphalt elomile lizoba ngamamitha angama-28. Ibanga lokuma kuleli cala lizoba ngamamitha ayi-10 ubude. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngesikhathi kutholakala isithiyo emgwaqeni esidinga ukuthi imoto ime, futhi ize ime ngokuphelele, ibanga elingaphezu kwamamitha angama-38 liyadingeka ngaleli jubane.