Amaseli amafutha ezimotweni zabagibeli asenenzuzo kakade?

Kuze kube muva nje, ubuchwepheshe be-fuel cell bebutholakala kuphela kwizicelo ezingezona ezohwebo. Yayisetshenziswa, ngokwesibonelo, ezindizeni zasemkhathini, futhi izindleko ezinkulu zokukhiqiza i-1 kW yamandla cishe yayingabandakanyi ukusetshenziswa kwayo esikalini esibanzi. Nokho, ukusungulwa, okwaklanywa uWilliam Grove, ekugcineni kwathola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi. Funda ngamaseli e-hydrogen futhi ubone ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukuthenga imoto ngeyodwa!

Iyini i-fuel cell?

Kuyisethi yama-electrode amabili (i-anode engeyiyo kanye ne-positive cathode) ehlukaniswe ulwelwesi lwe-polymer. Amaseli kufanele akhiqize ugesi kuphethiloli anikezwe wona. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, ngokungafani namaseli ebhethri endabuko, awadingi ukuhlinzekwa ngogesi kusengaphambili, futhi i-fuel cell ngokwayo ayidingi ukushaja. Iphuzu liwukunikeza uphethiloli, okuthi emishinini okuxoxwa ngayo iqukethe i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo.

Amaseli Amafutha - Idizayini Yesistimu

Imoto ye-fuel cell idinga amathangi e-hydrogen. Kuvela kubo ukuthi lesi sici sinikezwa kuma-electrode, lapho ugesi ukhiqizwa khona. Isistimu ngokuvamile ifakwe neyunithi emaphakathi ene-converter. Iguqula i-direct current ibe i-alternating current, engasetshenziswa ukunika amandla i-motor kagesi. Yilokhu okuyinhliziyo yemoto, idonsa amandla ayo kumayunithi amanje.

Amaseli amafutha kanye nesimiso sokusebenza

Ukuze i-fuel cell ikhiqize ugesi, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kuyadingeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-molecule e-hydrogen ne-oksijini avela emkhathini anikezwa ama-electrode. I-hydrogen enikezwa i-anode ibangela ukwakhiwa kwama-electron nama-proton. Ioksijini evela emkhathini iza ku-cathode futhi isabela ngama-electron. I-semi-permeable polymer membrane iqinisekisa ukulethwa kwamaphrothoni e-hydrogen alungile ku-cathode. Lapho ahlangana nama-anions e-oxide, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwamanzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-electron akhona ku-anode adlula kumjikelezo kagesi ukuze akhiqize ugesi.

I-Fuel cell - isicelo

Ngaphandle kwemboni yezimoto, i-fuel cell inezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza. Ingasetshenziswa njengomthombo kagesi ezindaweni ezingenakho ukufinyelela kalula kugridi yamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lweseli lusebenza kahle emikhumbi-ngwenya noma eziteshini zasemkhathini lapho kungekho khona ukufinyelela emoyeni osemkhathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amarobhothi eselula, amadivaysi asendlini kanye nezinhlelo zokuphakelwa kwamandla eziphuthumayo zisebenza kumaseli kaphethiloli.

Fuel cell - izinzuzo kanye nebubi ubuchwepheshe

Yiziphi izinzuzo ze-fuel cell? Inikeza amandla ahlanzekile angenawo umthelela omubi endaweni ezungezile. Ukusabela kukhiqiza ugesi namanzi (imvamisa ngesimo se-steam). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziphuthumayo, isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuqhuma noma ukuvulwa kwethangi, i-hydrogen, ngenxa yobuningi bayo obuphansi, iqhuma iqonde futhi ishise kukholomu encane yomlilo. I-fuel cell iphinde igqame ngokusebenza kahle njengoba ithola imiphumela ebangeni elingama-40-60%. Leli izinga elingafinyeleleki kumagumbi avuthayo, futhi masikhumbule ukuthi le mingcele isengathuthukiswa.

I-hydrogen element kanye nebubi bayo

Manje amazwi ambalwa mayelana nebubi lesi sixazululo. IHydrojeni iyisakhi esivame kakhulu eMhlabeni, kodwa yakha izinhlanganisela kalula nezinye izakhi. Akulula ukuyithola ngendlela ehlanzekile futhi idinga inqubo ekhethekile yobuchwepheshe. Futhi lena (okungenani okwamanje) ibiza kakhulu. Uma kukhulunywa nge-hydrogen fuel cell, intengo ngeshwa ayikhuthazi. Ungahamba ikhilomitha elingu-1 noma izikhathi ezi-5-6 ngaphezu kwemoto kagesi. Inkinga yesibili ukuntuleka kwengqalasizinda ye-hydrogen refueling.

Fuel cell cars - izibonelo

Uma sikhuluma ngezimoto, nanka amamodeli ambalwa asebenza ngempumelelo kuma-fuel cell. Enye yezimoto ezithandwa kakhulu yiToyota Mirai. Lona umshini onamathangi anamandla angaphezu kuka-140 amalitha. Ifakwe amanye amabhethri okugcina amandla ngesikhathi sokushayela ngokukhululekile. Umkhiqizi uthi le modeli yeToyota ingahamba amakhilomitha angu-700 ngokugcwaliswa okukodwa. UMrai unamandla angu-182 hp.

Ezinye izimoto ezinikezwa amandla ngama-fuel cell adingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi zihlanganisa:

• Lexus LF-FC;
• Honda FCX Ukucaca;
• I-Nissan X-Trail FCV (imoto yeselula);
• Toyota FCHV (fuel cell hybrid imoto);
• I-Hyundai ix35 fuel cell;
• Electric fuel cell ibhasi Ursus City Smile.

Ingabe ingqamuzana le-hydrogen linalo ithuba lokuzibonakalisa embonini yezimoto? Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ugesi ngama-fuel cell abumusha. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukumemezela phakathi kwezimoto zabagibeli ngaphandle kwenqubo yobuchwepheshe eshibhile yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen ehlanzekile. Ngisho noma izimoto zikaphethroli zizodayiselwa umphakathi jikelele, zisengasilela emuva ngokonga izindleko zomshayeli ojwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, izimoto zikagesi zendabuko zisabonakala ziyinketho ethakazelisa kakhulu.