Ukuthayela imoto
Amathiphu abashayeli

Ukuthayela imoto

03.03.2023 /

Ukufakwa kwamafasitela nezibani zezimoto kusakazeke eRussia nasemazweni angomakhelwane. Akugcini nje ukuvikela umshayeli nabagibeli elangeni, kanye nemoto ekushiseni ngokweqile, kodwa futhi kusiza ukugcina isabelo esidingeka kakhulu sobumfihlo kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthayina kuvame ukuba yinto yokuhlobisa egqamile egqamisa imoto emfuleni wabanye. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda izindaba ezingokomthetho zokuphatha i-tinting: yini evunyelwe futhi enqatshelwe, kanye nemiphumela yokwephulwa komthetho kuzobandakanya umshayeli.

Umqondo kanye nezinhlobo tinting

I-Tinting ishintsha umbala wengilazi, kanye nezakhiwo zabo zokudlulisa ukukhanya. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokuthayina, kuye ngendlela yokufaka isicelo kanye nemigomo elandelwa umuntu.

Ngendlela ejwayelekile kakhulu, ukuthayela ngokwendlela yokufaka kuhlukaniswe:

  • ukuthambisa ukuthambisa. Kwenziwa ngokufafaza kwe-plasma kongqimba lwensimbi oluncane kakhulu;
  • ukuze kufakwe ifilimu. Ikhiqizwa ngokunamathisela ifilimu yezinto ezikhethekile ze-polymeric, enamathela ebusweni bayo imizuzu embalwa ngemva kokuxhumana nengilazi;
  • ku-tint yefekthri. Umphumela oyifunayo ungafinyelelwa ngokungeza ukungcola okukhethekile ekwenzeni ingilazi noma ukufafaza okufanayo kwe-plasma, kodwa kwenziwa ku-vacuum.

Iningi lezinkinga ekusebenzeni zivela ngokufaka i-spray tinting. Uma ikhiqizwa egalaji "lomdwebi" wendawo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ngaphansi kwethonya lomehluko wokushisa wesici saseRussia noma uthuli lomgwaqo kanye nezinhlayiya zesihlabathi, kuzovela imihuzuko eminingi nama-chips kungqimba lwe-tinting.

Ukwenziwa kwefilimu kuzibonakalisa kungcono kakhulu. Kuncike ekutheni ifilimu ngokwayo isezingeni eliphezulu futhi inamathiselwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwesikhathi eside komphumela wokuba mnyama.

Ukuthayela imoto
Ukuthayina okuphrofeshinali ngendlela yefilimu kuzibonakalise kahle

Ngokwehlukana, ngingathanda ukusho mayelana nezibuko ezinemibala ezinokuthandwa okuthile phakathi kwezakhamuzi zakithi. Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, zifakwe kuphela ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwemoto futhi azinayo indawo yokupenda.

Kunoma yikuphi, uma kudingekile ukwenza noma yikuphi ukukhohlisa ngengilazi emotweni yakho, kunconywa ukuthi uxhumane nochwepheshe abanedumela eliphezulu emakethe futhi abanikeza isiqinisekiso somsebenzi abawenzile. Kulokhu kuphela lapho uzokwazi ukuthi ngandlela thize ukunxephezela izindleko ezitholwe ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lokupenda.

Ngakho-ke, ukupenda kwezimoto kunezinzuzo nezingozi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-tinting ekhethwe kahle izokwandisa ukukhanga kwemoto futhi ivikele amehlo omshayeli nabagibeli ekukhanyeni kwelanga elikhanyayo, iqhwa elikhazimulayo namalambu ezimoto ezidlulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kusiza ukusungula i-microclimate ekhululekile ngaphakathi kwemoto: esimweni sezulu esishisayo, akuvumeli ukukhanya kwelanga, futhi esimweni sezulu esibandayo, akuvumeli ukushisa kushiye ngokushesha indawo yemoto. Ekugcineni, ibhonasi ye-tinting yefilimu ingabizwa ngokuthi ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokumelana nomthelela wezibuko, okungasindisa izimpilo engozini.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi izimoto ezinamafasitela anombala zibhekwe ngabomvu ngamaphoyisa omgwaqo. Ukushiya izwe lethu nokuhambela phesheya nezibuko ezinemibala egqamile nakho kuyingozi, njengoba amazwe amaningi anezidingo ezihlukene mayelana nephesenti elivumelekile lokudluliswa kokukhanya. Ekugcineni, uma uthola ingozi emotweni amafasitela ayo angahlangabezani nezinga elimisiwe, noma iyiphi inkampani yomshuwalense izokwenqaba ukukukhokhela isinxephezelo.

Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami ​​​​komuntu siqu, ngingasho ukuthi angincomi abashayeli be-novice ukuthi basebenzise ngisho nekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yokupenda ngephesenti eliphezulu lokudlulisa ukukhanya. Ukushayela ebusuku emigwaqweni ekhanyiswe kalufifi kuhlanganiswe namafasitela anombala ogqamile kungaholela ekuwohlokeni okukhulu kokungabonakali emgwaqeni futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kube nemiphumela engathandeki ngendlela yezingozi zomgwaqo.

Njengoba unakho konke lokhu okungenhla engqondweni, kukuwe ukuthi unqume ukuthi amafasitela emoto yakho afakwe umbala nokuthi iyiphi indlela engcono ongaphendukela kuyo.

Izinhlobo ezivunyelwe zokuthayela

Idokhumenti eyinhloko enquma imithetho yomdlalo yanoma yiziphi izinto zobuchwepheshe zemoto e-Russian Federation nakwamanye amazwe angamalungu e-Customs Union (ngemuva kwalokhu - i-Customs Union) yiMithethonqubo Yezobuchwepheshe ye-Customs Union "On. ukuphepha kwezimoto ezinamasondo" yangomhla zi-9.12.2011. Ngokuhambisana nayo, i-GOST 2013 ehambisanayo nayo iyasebenza, esungula okuqukethwe kwamagama amaningi asetshenziswa emkhakheni we-glass tinting, nezinye izidingo zobuchwepheshe eziphoqelekile emazweni ethu nakwamanye amazwe (isibonelo, e-Armenia, Tajikistan nabanye) .

Ukuthayela imoto
Imikhawulo evumelekile yokuthanta amafasitela angaphambili inqunyelwe ngokomthetho

Ngokusho kwe-Technical Regulations kanye ne-GOST, amafasitela ezimoto kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo eziyisisekelo:

  • ukukhanya kwe-windshield (i-windshield) kumele okungenani kube ngu-70%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo esinjalo sisebenza kwezinye izibuko ezihlinzeka ngombono womshayeli ngemuva nangaphambili;
  • ukuthayina akufanele kuhlanekezele umbono ofanele wombala womshayeli. Ngaphezu kwemibala yamarobhothi, okumhlophe noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akufanele kushintshwe;
  • izibuko akufanele zibe nomphumela wesibuko.

Lezi zinhlinzeko ezingenhla zamazinga aphakathi kwezifunda akumele zithathwe njengezithibelo ekufakweni kwamathayina. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ingilazi yezimoto ehlanzekile yefekthri ngaphandle kokufakwa kwe-tining inokudlulisa ukukhanya esifundeni esingu-85-90%, futhi amafilimu amahle kakhulu we-tint anika ama-80-82%. Ngakho-ke, ukuthayela i-windshield namafasitela ezinhlangothi zangaphambili kuvunyelwe ngaphakathi kohlaka olusemthethweni.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile inkambiso yezigaba 2 no-3 zesigaba 5.1.2.5 se-GOST, ezivumela ukusungulwa kwanoma yikuphi ukufakwa kwamafasitela angemuva. Okusho ukuthi, ungafaka umbala emafasiteleni angemuva emoto yakho ngefilimu enanoma yikuphi ukudlulisa ukukhanya okufunayo. Okuwukuphela kokwenqatshelwa kwalezi zibuko amafilimu esibuko.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, okubizwa ngokuthi i-shading strip kuvunyelwe, okuyinto, ngokuhambisana nesigatshana 3.3.8 se-GOST, noma iyiphi indawo ye-windshields enezinga elincishisiwe lokudlulisa ukukhanya okuhlobene nezinga elivamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuthi ubukhulu bayo buhambisane nezindinganiso ezimisiwe: ububanzi bungabi ngaphezu kwamamilimitha angu-140 ngokuhambisana nesigaba sesi-4 sesigatshana 5.1.2.5 se-GOST kanye nesigaba 3 sesigatshana 4.3 seMithethonqubo Yezobuchwepheshe ye-Customs Union. .

Inqubo yokulawula ukudluliswa kokukhanya kwamafasitela emoto

Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokunquma iphesenti lokudluliswa kokukhanya kwengilazi yezimoto ukuyihlola nge-taumeter ekhethekile. Iphoyisa alinalo ilungelo lokunquma "ngeso" ukuthi isimo sobuchwepheshe samafasitela emoto siyahlangabezana yini namazinga asungulwe ezweni lethu. Umshayeli wemoto kufanele anake ngokukhethekile ukuhambisana nenqubo yocwaningo, ngoba noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kungaholela ekuhlanekeni kwemiphumela yesheke futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukushushiswa okungenangqondo. Ngisho noma ukwephulwa kwemithetho kwenzeka ngempela futhi amafasitela afakwe umbala kakhulu, khona-ke uma iphoyisa lomgwaqo lingayilandeli inqubo yokulawula, unethuba lokuphikisa ngempumelelo ukushushiswa enkantolo.

Ividiyo: imiphumela yokulinganisa i-tint engalindelekile

Imiphumela engalindelekile yokulinganisa i-tint

Imibandela yokulawula ukudluliswa kokukhanya

Ukulinganisa ukukhanya kwengilazi kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezilandelayo:

Ngaphansi kwezimo ngaphandle kwalezo ezishiwo, umuntu ogunyaziwe akanalo ilungelo lokwenza ucwaningo. Kodwa-ke, siyaqaphela ukuthi izinga alisho lutho mayelana nesikhathi sosuku socwaningo, ngakho ukuhlolwa kokudlulisa ukukhanya kungenziwa kokubili emini nasebusuku.

Ubani futhi kuphi onelungelo lokulawula ukudluliswa kokukhanya

NgokweNgxenye 1 ye-Art. 23.3 ye-Code of Administrative Offences ye-Russian Federation, iziphathimandla zamaphoyisa zicubungula amacala ecala lokuphatha, elivezwe ekusungulweni kwamafasitela ezimoto ngezinga elingamukelekile lokufaka umbala. Ngokuhambisana nesigatshana sesi-6, ingxenye yesi-2 ye-athikili efanayo yeKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha, ukulawulwa kokudlulisa ukukhanya kungenziwa yinoma yiliphi iphoyisa lomgwaqo elinezinga elikhethekile. Uhlu lwamazinga akhethekile lubekwe ku-Article 26 yoMthetho Federal "Emaphoyiseni".

Ngokuphathelene nendawo yokucwaningwa kwamabhuku, umthetho we-Russian Federation awuqukethe noma yimiphi imithetho eyisibopho namuhla. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa kokudluliswa kokukhanya kwamafasitela emoto kungenziwa kokubili endaweni emile yamaphoyisa omgwaqo nangaphandle kwayo.

Izici zenqubo yokuhlola ukudluliswa kokukhanya

Ngokuvamile, lapho kwenziwa isheke, okulandelayo kwenzeka:

  1. Okokuqala, iphoyisa lomgwaqo kumele lilinganise isimo sezulu futhi liqinisekise ukuthi liyahambisana nalezi ezibekwe ezingeni likahulumeni.
  2. Ingilazi okufanele ihlolwe kufanele ihlanzwe ukungcola komgwaqo nothuli, kanye nanoma yimiphi iminonjana yomswakama, njengoba lokhu kuthinta imiphumela yocwaningo.
  3. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukulungisa i-taumeter ukuze lapho kungabikho ukukhanya kukhombisa i-zero. (isigatshana 2.4. GOST).
  4. Ekugcineni, faka ingilazi phakathi kwe-diaphragm ne-taumeter bese ukala ngamaphuzu amathathu.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ekusebenzeni, abahloli bamaphoyisa omgwaqo abacabangi izinhlinzeko ze-GOST ngezimo zezulu kanye nemithetho yokulinganisa amaphuzu amathathu, eqondiswa yimiyalelo enamathiselwe kudivayisi yokulinganisa. Cishe yonke imishini yamaphoyisa esenkonzweni ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa asuka ku--40 kuya ku-+40 ° C futhi awathobeki kwezinye izimo zezulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukwakha isu lokuvikela elisekelwe ekungalandeli imithetho engenhla akunangqondo.

Izinsimbi ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukudluliswa kokukhanya

Okwamanje, amaphoyisa omgwaqo ahlome ngama-taumeters:

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi imodeli ye-taumeter ezosetshenziswa lapho kuhlolwa ingilazi yemoto, ukuhlanzeka kwenqubo, iphoyisa lomgwaqo kufanele, uma lifisa, libonise idivayisi kumnikazi wemoto ukuze lo mshini uqiniseke ukuthi i-taumeter. ivalwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshayeli kufanele anikezwe imibhalo eqinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa nokufaneleka kwedivayisi ekukalweni (isitifiketi sokuqinisekisa, njll.). Okokugcina, umhloli wamaphoyisa omgwaqo kumele aziqinisekise ukuthi unekhono.

Uma le mithetho elula ingagcinwa, noma ibuphi ubufakazi abukwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukufakazela icala, ngoba butholwe ngokwephula izimfuneko zomthetho.

Emsebenzini wami, kube namacala ama-2 lapho amaphoyisa omgwaqo ephule umthetho ngamabomu lapho ebheka ingilazi ukuthi ihambisa ukukhanya. Kwesinye sazo, umhloli uzame ukuhlawulisa umshayeli ngaphandle kokuzihlupha ngokuthatha izilinganiso, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, “ngeso”. Isimo sixazululwe ngokuphepha ngemuva kocingo olubhekiswe kummeli. Kwesinye, iphoyisa lizame ukukhohlisa imiphumela yokulinganisa ngokubeka ifilimu emnyama ngaphansi kwesinye sezingxenye ze-taumeter. Ngenhlanhla, umshayeli wemoto wayenakile futhi wavimbela ukuphulwa kwamalungelo akhe eyedwa.

Inhlawulo yokuthinta

Isibopho sokuphatha samacala emkhakheni wethrafikhi sinikezwe eSahlukweni 12 seKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha. Njengesijeziso sokusetshenziswa kwamafasitela emoto amnyama kakhulu (amafasitela angaphambili nangaphambili), ngokuphambene nemithethonqubo yezobuchwepheshe, kunikezwa inhlawulo yama-ruble angu-500.

Thola ukuthi ungayisusa kanjani i-tinting: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/poleznoe/kak-snyat-tonirovku-so-stekla-samostoyatelno.html

Izichibiyelo zeKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha ngo-2018

Esikhathini esiningi sonyaka odlule, kwaxoxwa kabanzi udaba lokuchitshiyelwa kweKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha we-Russian Federation ngenhloso yokuqinisa isijeziso sokwephulwa kwemithetho yokudlulisa ukukhanya kwengilazi. Ngokusho kwamaphalamende, inhlawulo yama-ruble angamakhulu amahlanu ayisavimbeli abashayeli ukuthi baphule imithetho, ngakho ubukhulu bayo kufanele bubuyekezwe phezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuphulwa okuhlelekile kwemithetho ye-tinting, kuhlongozwa ukuphuca amalungelo kuze kube yizinyanga ezintathu.

Ngibhale umthethosivivinywa ohambisanayo. Inhlawulo inyuswe ecaleni lokuqala isuka ku-500 iye kuma-ruble ayi-1500. Uma leli cala lokuphatha liphindaphindiwe, inhlawulo izolingana nama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-5.

Yize kunjalo, umthethosivivinywa owathenjiswa yiphini awukakamukelwa, okwenza kube nokungabaza ngekusasa lawo.

Ividiyo: mayelana nezichibiyelo ezihleliwe zeKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha ngokwephula izindinganiso zokufaka umbala

Inhlawulo yamalambu akhanyayo

Ukufakela amalambu aphambili emoto nakho kuyathandwa. Njengomthetho, isetshenziselwa ukushintsha umbala wezinto zokukhanyisa ukuze ubukeke emehlweni futhi ufanelekile ngombala kupende wemoto. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi kunemithetho ephoqelekile yezibani zangaphambili, ukuphulwa kwayo okungaholela ekubophezeleni kokuphatha.

Ngokwesigaba 3.2 se-Technical Regulations of the Customs Union, ukushintsha ukuhleleka kokusebenza, umbala, indawo yamadivayisi okukhanyisa kungenzeka kuphela uma ihambisana nemithetho evela kulo mthethonqubo.

Kodwa idokhumenti ebaluleke kakhulu kulolu daba "Uhlu lokungasebenzi kahle nezimo lapho ukusebenza kwezimoto kuvinjelwe khona." Ngokuhambisana nesigaba 3.6 seSigaba 3 sohlu, ukufakwa:

Ngakho-ke, ngokuyisisekelo, ukuthanta izibani akuvunyelwe uma kungashintshi umbala futhi kunganciphisi ukudluliswa kokukhanya. Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola ifilimu enjalo, futhi imoto enezibani zangaphandle ezikhanyayo izodonsa njalo ukunaka kwabahloli bamaphoyisa omgwaqo.

Isibopho sokufakwa kwemishini yokukhanyisa engahlangabezani nezidingo eziphoqelekile kunikezwa kuNgxenye 1 ye-Art. 12.4 kanye nengxenye 3 no-3.1 ye-Art. 12.5 yeKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha we-Russian Federation. Izinhlawulo zokuthanta izibani zangaphambili izakhamuzi kuze kufike ku-3 XNUMX ruble ngokuthathwa kwemishini yokukhanyisa. Izikhulu, isibonelo, omakhenikha abakhulula imoto enjalo - kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-15 kuya kwezingu-20 ngokuthathwa kwamadivayisi afanayo. Ezinhlanganweni ezisemthethweni, isibonelo, isevisi yamatekisi ephethe imoto - kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-400 kuya ku-500 ngokuthathwa. Kumalambu angemuva anombala ogqamile, amaphoyisa omgwaqo anelungelo lokusebenzisa inhlawulo ephindwe izikhathi eziyisi-6 yama-ruble angama-500.

Isijeziso sokwephula okuphindaphindiwe

Ngokuhambisana nesigaba sesi-2 sengxenye 1 ye-Art. 4.3 we-Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, esinye sezimo ezibhebhethekisa isibopho ukwenza icala ngokuphindaphindiwe, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi lapho umuntu ebhekwa njengesijeziso sokuphatha. I-athikili 4.6 yeKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha ibeka isikhathi esinjalo ngonyaka ongu-1. Ibalwa kusukela lapho isinqumo sokujeziswa siqala ukusebenza. Okusho ukuthi, icala elinjalo elifana nelinye liyaphindwa, elenziwa phakathi nonyaka kusukela ngosuku lokuletha umthwalo wemfanelo wokuphatha.

Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile phakathi kwabashayeli bezimoto, Ikhodi ayiqukethe unswinyo olukhethekile lokuletha kabusha isibopho sokuphatha sokwephula imithetho yokufaka ama-tin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unswinyo lwamacala omuntu ngamunye luqinisekile ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, luqukethe inketho eyodwa kuphela, ngakho-ke umhloli ngeke akwazi "ukubhebhethekisa" isijeziso. Ezikhulwini nasezinkampanini ezisemthethweni, ukuphindaphinda kokwephula cishe kuzosho njalo ukunikezwa kwesijeziso esiphezulu esinikezwe esihlokweni.

Okuwukuphela kwendlela abahloli bamaphoyisa omgwaqo abasebenzisa ngayo ukuze bajezise kanzima umnikazi wemoto owephula ngokuphindaphindiwe izimfuneko zomthetho wokufakwa kwe-tining iwukuba athweswe icala ngaphansi kweNgxenye 1 yoBuciko. 19.3 yeKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha we-Russian Federation. Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe kamuva esihlokweni.

Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi isimo singase sishintshe ngokwamukelwa komthethosivivinywa othenjisiwe, okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla.

Isijeziso se-tinting ekhiphekayo

I-tinting ekhiphekayo ungqimba lwezinto ezingenambala lapho kuxhunywe khona ifilimu yokupenda. Isakhiwo sonke sinamathele engilazini yemoto, evumela, uma kunesidingo, ukususa i-tinting efasiteleni ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Umbono wokufaka uthayela osusekayo wafika ezingqondweni zabashayeli bezimoto kanye nezithangami zokucobelelana ngolwazi njengokusabela ezinhlawulweni ezisabalele zamaphoyisa omgwaqo ngokusebenzisa ukucisha ugesi okungahambisani nomthetho. Lapho emisa imoto ene-tining ekhishwayo, umshayeli wayengasusa ulayini ngisho nangaphambi kokuba alulinganise ngaso leso sikhathi futhi agweme isijeziso esiyinhlawulo.

Kodwa-ke, ngokubona kwami, nakuba i-tinting ekhishwayo isiza ukubalekela isikweletu, nokho kubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kumnikazi wemoto. Izimoto ezinemibala "eqinile" zizomiswa njalo ngabahloli, okuthi, njengomthetho, bangagcini ngokuhlola ukuthamba futhi bathole okuthile ongakuhlawulisa. Ngakho-ke abanikazi bezimoto ezine-tinting ezikhiphekayo babeka engozini hhayi isikhathi sabo kuphela, kodwa futhi nesibopho sokuphatha esivamile ngaphansi kwezinye izihloko zeKhodi.

Isijeziso se-tint yasembonini

Kucishe kungenzeki ukubhekana nenkinga lapho amawindi emoto afakwe efemini engahambisani nemithetho yobuchwepheshe bemoto. Cishe, kukhona ukwephulwa kwenqubo yokuhlola, ukungasebenzi kahle kwedivayisi noma izimo zezulu ezingafaneleki.

Ukuthayela okuvamile, ngokungafani nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wezandla, kwenziwa efektri emishinini ebizayo eyinkimbinkimbi ngochwepheshe emkhakheni wabo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ama-tints asefekthri asezingeni eliphezulu, ukumelana nokulimala kanye nokudluliswa kokukhanya. Futhi zonke izitshalo ezisebenza eRussia noma ezikhiqiza izimoto ezihloselwe imakethe yethu zazi kahle ngezindinganiso zamanje zokudlulisa ukukhanya.

Uma usazithola usesimweni esinjalo esingacacile, lapho ephepheni ukudluliswa kokukhanya kwezibuko zasefektri kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso, kodwa empeleni akunjalo, khona-ke ithuba elilodwa lokugwema umthwalo wemfanelo wokuphatha ukubhekisela ekungabikho kwecala.. NgokweNgxenye 1 ye-Art. 2.1 yeKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha, isenzo secala kuphela esithathwa njengecala. Ngenxa ye-Art. 2.2 yeKhodi Yewayini ikhona ngezindlela ezimbili: inhloso kanye nokunganaki. Kulokhu, uhlobo lwamabomu lwecala ngokusobala aluhambisani. Futhi ukuze kuthethelelwe ubudedengu, iziphathimandla kuyodingeka ziveze ubufakazi bokuthi bekufanele ube nakho futhi ngabe wawubone kusengaphambili umehluko phakathi kwe-tinting nezinga lokudlulisa ukukhanya.

Kunoma yikuphi, emva kwalokho, kufanele uxhumane nomkhiqizi noma umdayisi ukuze alethe imoto ngokuhambisana nezici zayo zobuchwepheshe.

Okuningi mayelana nezibuko ze-VAZ-2107: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/stekla/lobovoe-steklo-vaz-2107.html

Ezinye izinhlawulo zokuthayela

Inhlawulo kanye nokuthathwa kwemishini yokukhanyisa akuzona kuphela unswinyo oluhlinzekwe ngumthetho we-Russian Federation umshayeli onebhadi angase abhekane nalo.

Imisebenzi eyimpoqo

Umsebenzi oyimpoqo ukusebenza kwamahhala kwenkonzo yomphakathi ngaphandle kwamahora okusebenza. Ngokwesigaba 6 seSimemezelo sikaHulumeni waseRussian Federation ka-04.07.1997/XNUMX/XNUMX, imisebenzi yomphakathi ingenziwa kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:

Lolu hlobo lwesijeziso lunganikezwa umnikazi wemoto ongazange akhokhe inhlawulo yokufaka ama-tin okungekho emthethweni phakathi nesikhathi esimiswe umthetho. NgokweNgxenye 1 ye-Art. 32.2 ye-Code of Administrative Offences ye-Russian Federation, izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisithupha zinikezwa ukukhokhwa kwenhlawulo kusukela ngosuku isinqumo esiqala ngalo ukusebenza, noma izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa kusukela ngosuku lokukhishwa kwaso, kucatshangelwa isikhathi sokudlulisa icala. Uma umnikazi wemoto emiswa futhi abahloli bamaphoyisa omgwaqo bathola izinhlawulo ezingakhokhiwe ngokufaka ama-tin, bayoba nelungelo lokuheha ngaphansi kweNgxenye 1 Yobuciko. 20.25 weKhodi.

Ukugunyazwa kwalesi sihloko, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufaka phakathi amahora angama-50 omsebenzi oyimpoqo. NgokweNgxenye 2 ye-Athikili 3.13 yeKhodi, umsebenzi oyimpoqo akufanele uhlale ngaphezu kwamahora ama-4 ngosuku. Okusho ukuthi, isigwebo esiphezulu sizokhishwa cishe izinsuku eziyi-13.

Okuningi mayelana nokuhlola izinhlawulo zamaphoyisa omgwaqo: https://bumper.guru/shtrafy/shtrafyi-gibdd-2017-proverit-po-nomeru-avtomobilya.html

Ukuboshwa kokuphatha

Isijeziso esinzima kunazo zonke esinikezwa ngecala lokuphatha siwukuboshwa kokuphatha. Kuwukuhlukaniswa ngempoqo komuntu emphakathini kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-30. Isijeziso esinjalo esihlala kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-15 singabelwa umnikazi wemoto ngaphansi kweNgxenye 1 ye-Art. 19.3 yeKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha uma ephindelela ukwephula umthetho wokushayela imoto ene-tint engalungile.

Lo mkhuba usuthuthukile eminyakeni yamuva futhi ususabalele ezweni lonke. Kuwukungena esikhundleni esithile somthetho ongekho wokwephulwa okuphindaphindiwe kwemithetho yokufaka amafasitela ezimoto nezibani zangaphambili. Njengomthetho, abashayeli abangenazo ezinye izinhlawulo behla ngenhlawulo noma ukuboshwa isikhathi esiyizinsuku ezingu-1-2, kodwa abephula umthetho ophikelela kakhulu bangathola isijeziso esiphezulu.

Ungahlawuliswa kangaki ngosuku ngokufaka tin

Umthetho awunayo impendulo eqondile embuzweni wenombolo evumelekile yezinhlawulo, futhi abameli abasebenzayo banikeza izimpendulo ezingqubuzanayo. Eqinisweni, ukushayela ngengilazi engasebenzi kahle kuyicala eliqhubekayo. Futhi uma umnikazi wemoto, ngemva kokumiswa kokuqala komhloli, eqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza emgwaqeni, ngaleyo ndlela wenza icala elisha. Ngakho, umshayeli angahlawuliswa inani elingenamkhawulo lezikhathi phakathi nosuku.

Okuhlukile kuphela yisimo lapho, ngemva kokumiswa komhloli kanye nenhlawulo, umshayeli wenza ukunyakaza kwakhe ukuze aqede ukuphulwa esikhungweni esikhethekile. Esimeni esinjalo, azikho izinhlawulo ezingafakwa.

Indlela yokukhokha inhlawulo futhi kuziphi izimo "isaphulelo" se-50% sinikezwa

Sekuvele kukhonjisiwe ngenhla ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukukhokha izinhlawulo zokuphatha emaphoyiseni omgwaqo. Manje sekuyisikhathi sokucabangela izindlela zokukhokha ezi-4 ezivame kakhulu:

  1. Ngebhange. Akuzona zonke izinhlangano zezezimali nezezikweletu ezisebenza ngokukhokhwa kwezinhlawulo. Njengomthetho, amabhange kuphela abambe iqhaza kuhulumeni, njenge-Sberbank, ahlinzeka ngale sevisi. Ngemali encane, noma ubani onepasipoti kanye nerisidi yokukhokha angakhokha inhlawulo.
  2. Ngezinhlelo zokukhokha ngogesi ezifana ne-Qiwi. Ububi obuyinhloko bale ndlela ikhomishini ebaluleke kakhulu, inani layo elituswa ukuba licaciswe lapho ukhokha.
  3. Ngesizindalwazi samaphoyisa omgwaqo. Ngokwezinombolo zemoto kanye nesitifiketi semoto, ungabheka zonke izinhlawulo zemoto futhi uzikhokhe ngaphandle kwekhomishini.
  4. Ngokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi "Gosuslugi". Ngenombolo yakho yelayisensi yokushayela, ungabheka zonke izinhlawulo zakho ezingakhokhiwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhamba ngezimoto ezingaki. Inkokhelo yenziwa ngaphandle kwekhomishini ngendlela ekulungele wena.

Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2016, ngokuhambisana neNgxenye 1.3 ye-Art. 32.2 we-Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, isaphulelo esingu-50% sisebenza ekukhokhweni kwenhlawulo yokubhala okungemthetho kwamaphoyisa omgwaqo. Ukuze ukhokhe ngokomthetho ingxenye yemali kuphela, udinga ukuhlangabezana nezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili zokuqala kusukela ngosuku lokukhokhiswa kwenhlawulo.

Ezinye izindlela ezisemthethweni esikhundleni sokuthayela

Lapho ufaka amafasitela emoto, abashayeli, njengomthetho, banezinhloso ezimbili eziyinhloko:

Kuye ngokuthi iyiphi inhloso ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe, ungakhetha "okuthatha indawo" kokubhala.

Uma into oyithakaselayo kakhulu kuwukucasha ukuze ungaziboni emotweni yakho, isigatshana 4.6 seTechnical Regulations of the Customs Union siphakamisa indlela engcono kakhulu evunyelwe yokuphuma kuwe: amakhethini emoto akhethekile (amakhethini). Kukhona ukukhethwa okubanzi kwamashutha ezimoto emakethe. Isibonelo, ungafaka lezo ezilawulwa ukude usebenzisa isilawuli kude.

Uma umgomo wakho uwukuvikela amehlo akho elangeni eliphuphuthekisayo futhi ugcine umgwaqo ubonakala, khona-ke izibuko ezikhethekile zokushayela zilungele lokhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa ama-sun visors, okumele afakwe imoto.

Ekugcineni, ukuze ashiye imoto ngaphandle ngosuku olunelanga ngaphandle kokwesaba ukutubeka nokushisisa ngokweqile kwegumbi labagibeli, umshayeli angasebenzisa izikrini ezikhethekile ezibonisa imisebe yelanga.

Ukupenda kwezimoto kwenza cishe imisebenzi efanayo neyezibuko zomuntu: kuvikela emisebeni ye-ultraviolet eyingozi futhi kuyisengezo sesitayela esithombeni. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezibuko, imingcele ye-tinting ilawulwa ngokuqinile ngumthetho wamanje. Ukwephulwa kwale mithetho kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu kuze kube sekuboshweni kwabaphathi. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi uhlala wazi ngezinguquko emthethweni kanye nemithethonqubo yezobuchwepheshe. Njengoba amaRoma asendulo asho, ukuxwayisa kusengaphambili kuhlonyiwe.

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