High-pressure fuel futha: kuyini emotweni? Udizili noPetrol

Ezihlokweni ezikuwebhusayithi yeVodi.su, sisebenzisa izifinyezo ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, esihlokweni sakamuva mayelana nebhande lesikhathi, sithe ibhande le-alternator lidlulisa ukujikeleza ukusuka ku-crankshaft kuya kumayunithi ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nephampu yomjovo. Yini efihliwe ngaphansi kwalesi sifinyezo?

Lezi zinhlamvu zisho: i-high-pressure fuel pump, iyunithi ebaluleke kakhulu efakwe cishe kuzo zonke izimoto zesimanje. Ekuqaleni, yayisetshenziswa kuphela kumayunithi kagesi asebenzisa uphethiloli wedizili. Kuze kube manje, ingatholakala nasezinjini zikaphethiloli ezinohlobo olusabalalisiwe lomjovo.

Kungani i-TNVD idingeka?

Uma ubheka umlando wemboni yezimoto, uyabona ukuthi i-carburetor yiyona ebhekele ukusatshalaliswa kukaphethiloli phezu kwamasilinda. Kodwa kakade kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-80s ekhulwini lama-XX, izinhlelo zokujova zaqala ukuyisusa. Into ewukuthi i-carburetor ine-drawback eyodwa ebalulekile - ngosizo lwayo akunakwenzeka ukunikeza izingxenye ezilinganiselwe ngokucacile zengxube ye-fuel-air emakamelweni omlilo we-pistons, yingakho izinga lokugeleza laliphezulu.

I-injector inikeza ukunikezwa kwengxube ngayinye kumasilinda. Ngenxa yalesi sici, izimoto zaqala ukusebenzisa uphethiloli omncane. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwamaphampu kaphethiloli anengcindezi ephezulu. Kusuka lapha sifika esiphethweni sokuthi inhloso eyinhloko yepompo likaphethiloli ukuhlinzeka izingxenye ezidingekayo zemihlangano yamafutha kumasilinda. Futhi njengoba le futha ixhunywe ngokuqondile ku-crankshaft, lapho ijubane lehla, ivolumu yengxenye iyancipha, futhi uma isheshisa, ngokuphambene nalokho, iyanda.

Isimiso sokusebenza nedivayisi

Idivayisi ingase ibonakale iyinkimbinkimbi lapho uqala nje:

• amapheya e-plunger ahlanganisa i-plunger (piston) nesilinda (umkhono);
• uphethiloli unikezwa i-plunger ngayinye ngamashaneli;
• i-cam shaft ene-centrifugal clutch - ijikeleza ibhande lesikhathi;
• ama-plunger pushers - acindezelwa amakhamera we-shaft;
• buyisela iziphethu - buyisela i-plunger endaweni yayo yokuqala;
• ama-valve okulethwa, ukufakwa;
• ama-gear racks kanye nesilawuli semodi yonke esilawulwa yi-gas pedal.

Lesi isikimu, incazelo elula kakhulu yephampu yomjovo esemgqeni. Ukwazi idivayisi, akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi lonke lolu hlelo lusebenza kanjani: i-cam shaft iyajikeleza, amakhamera ayo acindezela ama-plunger pushers. I-plunger iphakamisa isilinda. Ukucindezela kuyakhuphuka, okuvula i-valve yokulethwa futhi uphethiloli ugeleza kuwo ukuya kumjovo.

Ukuze umthamo wengxube uhambisane nezindlela zokusebenza zenjini, kusetshenziswa imishini eyengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokujikeleza kwe-plunger, akusiyo yonke ingxube kaphethiloli eqondiswe kuma-injection, kodwa ingxenye yayo kuphela, kuyilapho okunye kuphuma eziteshini zokukhipha amanzi. I-centrifugal injection advance clutch isetshenziselwa ukunikeza uphethiloli kuma-injection ngesikhathi esiqondile. Kuphinde kusetshenziswe isilawuli semodi yonke, sixhunywe ngesiphethu ku-pedal yegesi. Uma unyathela igesi, uphethiloli owengeziwe ujovwa kumasilinda. Uma ubambe i-pedal endaweni ezinzile noma ukhulule, inani lengxube liyancipha.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezimotweni zanamuhla, zonke izinguquko ayenziwa ngomshini kusukela pedal, umthamo umjovo zibhekwa electronics ezihlobene izinzwa ezihlukahlukene. Uma, ngokwesibonelo, udinga ukusheshisa, imimoya ehambisanayo ithunyelwa kuma-actuator, futhi inani elilinganiselwe likaphethiloli lingena kumasilinda.

Izinhlobo

Lesi sihloko sibanzi kakhulu. Ngenhla, sichaze kuphela uhlobo olulula kakhulu olusemgqeni lwepompo lomjovo. Imboni yezimoto ayimile futhi namuhla izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphampu omfutho ophakeme zisetshenziswa kabanzi:

• ukusatshalaliswa - yiba ne-plunger eyodwa noma ezimbili zokuhlinzeka ngengxube kumzila kaphethiloli, kunamapheya ama-plunger ambalwa kunamasilinda enjini;
• I-Common Rail - isistimu yohlobo oluyinhloko olufana nomgomo wamaphampu omjovo wokusabalalisa, kodwa ihluke kudivayisi eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu kokunikezwa kukaphethiloli;
• Iphampu kaphethiloli enengcindezi ephezulu ene-accumulator ye-hydraulic - i-TVS ingena ku-hydraulic accumulator isuka epompo, bese ifafazwa ngemibhobho ngamasilinda.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amaphampu omjovo we-in-line ajwayelekile abonwa njengathembeke kakhulu futhi ahlala isikhathi eside. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amasistimu ohlobo lwe-Common Rail ahlukaniswa ngesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nezidingo eziqinile zekhwalithi yamafutha edizili. Amaphampu kaphethiloli omfutho ophezulu ane-accumulator ye-hydraulic awasetshenziswa nhlobo nhlobo.

Yiqiniso, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwama-injection ane-solenoid valve kumasistimu wesitimela avamile asebenza ngokuvumelana nezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, izinjini ezinjalo ziyonga. Izinjini zikadizili zalolu hlobo zidla ngokoqobo amalitha kadizili angu-3-4 ngisho nasedolobheni.

Kodwa ukulungisa kubiza kakhulu:

• ukuxilonga okuvamile;
• ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha enjini abizayo atuswa umenzi;
• uma kukhona ngisho nezinhlayiya ezincane zomshini nama-abrasives kuphethiloli, khona-ke izingxenye ezinembayo namapheya e-plunger azohluleka ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ngakho-ke, sincoma ukugcwalisa kuphela amanethiwekhi eziteshi zikaphethiloli eziqinisekisiwe ezinodizili wekhwalithi ephezulu uma unemoto enesistimu ye-Common Rail.

Isimiso kanye nedivayisi yepompo yomjovo

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