Ubuchwepheshe obushintshayo nokulungiswa kwamathuba engilazi yemoto yomgwaqo

I-Vehicle glazing inikeza umsebenzi wokungena kokukhanya ku-cabin yemoto, ivumela abasebenzi ukuthi balawule isimo emgwaqweni nendawo ezungezile, ikhono lokubuka imoto, futhi iphinde isebenze ukuvikela abagibeli (impahla) ezimweni zezulu ezimbi. (umoya, imisebe ye-UV, ukushisa, amakhaza, njll.). Ukufakwa kahle kwengilazi nakho kuqinisa umzimba. Ukushintsha noma ukulungiswa kwezibuko kwenziwa ikakhulukazi uma ziklwejwa (isibonelo, ngama-wiper windshield), lapho i-bearing iqhekeka noma ivuza. Izimo ezicwebezelayo zezimoto zilawulwa yiSimemezelo Somnyango Wezokuthutha Nokuxhumana we-Slovak Republic SR 464/2009 - Ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngokusebenza kwezimoto emgwaqweni. § 4 isigaba. 5. Ukuguqulwa nokulungiswa kokucwebezela kwezimoto okuholela ekuncishisweni kokudluliswa kokukhanya kungenziwa kuphela ngaphansi kwemibandela ebekwe ku-UNECE Regulation No. 43. Ukulungiswa nokulungiswa kwe-glazing yemoto kungenziwa kuphela ngaphandle kwendawo yokulawula "A" ye-windshield. Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula nokulungisa izindawo ezicwebezelayo zezimoto kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi ingilazi ayishintshi umbala wezinto, izibani zesignali kanye nezimpawu zokukhanya endaweni elungisiwe.

A little ofory

Wonke amawindi ezimoto ahlukaniswe ngaphambili, ohlangothini nangemuva. Amahlangothi ngakwesokunene noma kwesobunxele, emuva noma ngaphambili, ukukhipha noma okuncantathu. Kulokhu, amafasitela angemuva nangaphambili ayashiswa futhi awashisi. Izindwangu zewindi namawindi angemuva kungahlukaniswa kube injoloba noma okunamathiselwe emzimbeni futhi wonke amawindi ngombala. Ingilazi egibele irabha ezimotweni zabagibeli isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezindala zezimoto. Ezinhlotsheni ezintsha, awukho umhlangano onjalo, ngaphandle kwezimoto ezenziwe ngokuya ngezifiso ezikhethekile zabathengi. Kuvame kakhulu ezimotweni zentengiso (amaloli, amabhasi, imishini yokwakha, njll.). Ngokuvamile, kungashiwo ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe sebuvele bufakwe kakhulu ubuchwepheshe bengilazi obunanyathiselwe emzimbeni.

Ingilazi enamamathiselwe inamathele emzimbeni ngeziqeshana ezikhethekile. Lezi yizinto ezimbili ezakhiwe nge-polyurethane ezinesikhathi eselaphayo sehora eli-1 ukuya kwele-2 (isikhathi lapho imoto ingasetshenziswa khona) ngama-22 ° C. Le mikhiqizo yenziwa ngokubambisana nabakhiqizi bengilazi yemoto futhi isebenza njengesixhumanisi phakathi umzimba nohlaka lwe-ceramic.kushiseni okungaba ngu-600 ° C ngqo ebusweni bengilazi yemoto. Uma inqubo yezobuchwepheshe ilandelwa, ukulungiswa kulandelwa njalo.

Amafasitela wangaphambili nemishini yabo

Ngokuvamile, imishini yesivikelo somoya ingahlukaniswa cishe ngezigaba ezilandelayo: ukuthinta, ukushisa, izinzwa, izimpondo, ifilimu ye-acoustic, ukuqagela kwangemuva kufasitela lomoya.

Izithuthi zengilazi yokudweba

It is a technology that reduce light light, suppresses light light, reflecting light light, attenuates UV radiation, absorbs light and thermal energy from solar radiation, futhi kwandisa ukufiphala Coefficient.

Ukwakhiwa nokudweba (ukuthinta) ingilazi yezimoto

Ukuchaza izinhlobo zewindows tinting ngaphandle kokwazi ukwakheka kwazo kungahle kungaqondakali, ngakho-ke ngizonikeza imininingwane elandelayo. Isivikelo somoya sinezingqimba ezimbili zengilazi enombala noma ecacile nefilimu evikelayo phakathi kwalezi zingqimba. Umbala wengilazi uhlala unqunywa ngombala wengilazi, umbala womucu wokuvikela ilanga uhlala unqunywa umbala we-foil. Ukuma kwengilazi kunqunywa engilazini eshidi eyisicaba kufakwe esithandweni sokuncibilikisa ingilazi ngesimo esikhethekile esilingisa ukwakheka kwengilazi yezimoto. Ngemuva kwalokho, ingilazi ishisa ize ifike ekushiseni okungaba ngu-600 ° C, okuqala ukuthamba futhi kukopishe ukwakheka kwesikhunta ngaphansi kwesisindo sayo. Masinyane ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukufudumeza, kufakwa uhlaka lwe-ceramic kolunye ungqimba lwangaphandle ukuze kuhlanganiswe kahle i-adhesive lapho kunanyathiselwa ingilazi emzimbeni wemoto ngokuzayo. Yonke inqubo ithatha imizuzwana embalwa. Ngale ndlela, zombili izingqimba zengilazi ziyakhiwa, bese kufakwa ifilimu evikela opaque phakathi kwazo. Umkhiqizo wonke ubuyiselwa kuhhavini bese ufutheliswa ufike ku-120 ° C. Kuleli zinga lokushisa, ucwecwe luba sobala futhi amagwebu omoya akhishwa njenge-capillary. Kulokhu, ifilimu ikopisha ukwakheka kwezingqimba zombili zengilazi futhi yakhe into eqhubekayo ehambisanayo. Esigabeni sesibili, izintaba zensimbi zezibuko, okokufaka inzwa, ama-terminals terminals, njll. Kunamathiselwe kungqimba lwangaphakathi lwengilazi yemoto kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo. Uma kwenzeka kufudunyezwa, kufakwa ingilazi evuthayo phakathi kocwecwe noqweqwe olungaphandle lwengilazi yemoto, i-antenna ifakwa phakathi kocingo noqweqwe lwangaphakathi lwengilazi yemoto.

Ngokuvamile, kungashiwo ukuthi amafasitela apendiwe ukuthuthukisa ukunethezeka komsebenzisi wemoto, ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa emotweni nokuvikela amehlo omshayeli, ngenkathi kugcinwa ukubuka okuvela emotweni ngisho nangaphansi kokukhanyisa okwenziwe. Umbala wengilazi yemoto uvame ukuba luhlaza, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nethusi.

Isigaba esikhethekile sifaka izingilazi ezinobuchwepheshe beSungate, obuqukethe ungqimba olukhethekile lokuzenza mnyama engilazini oluphendula ngamandla wamandla elanga. Uma ubheka lezi zibuko, umbala onsomi ubonakala kahle.

Imvamisa kukhona amafasitela ngaphambili analokho okuthiwa. ukugeza ilanga. Kuyinto ephinda yehlise izinga lokushisa emotweni futhi ivikele amehlo omshayeli. Imivimbo yelanga ivame ukuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okotshani. Noma kunjalo, kukhona nombala ompunga. Lo mugqa unezinto ezifanayo zokuvikela njengemivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okotshani, kepha ngokungafani nawo, cishe awubonakali ezihlalweni zangaphambili zemoto, ngakho-ke, awunciphisi ukubuka okuvela emotweni.

Izinzwa kumawindi emoto

Lezi, ngokwesibonelo, o imvula nezinzwa zokukhanya, njll., Ezibhekele ukusula ikhethini lamanzi kufasitela lomoya, ukukhanyisa amalambu ezimweni ezimbi zokubonakala, njll. Izinzwa zitholakala eduze ngokushesha kwangaphakathi kwangaphakathi isibuko noma ngqo ngezansi kwaso. Zixhunywe engilazini kusetshenziswa indwangu ye-gel yokunamathela noma ziyingxenye ngqo yesivikelo somoya.

Amafasitela ohlangothini lwezimoto

Amafasitela aseceleni nangemuva nawo ayathukuthela, futhi lokhu cishe kuwubuchwepheshe obufanayo nabasezindaweni zomoya, umehluko wokuthi amafasitela amaningi anengqimba eyodwa futhi ngaphandle kwefilimu yokuzivikela. Njengama-windshield, ashisa aze afike ku-600 ° C futhi awalolonge abe yisimo esifunwayo. Inqubo yokupholisa elandelayo iphinde ibangele ukucindezeleka ngokweqile (ukwelula, umthelela, ukushisa, njll.) ukuphula ingilazi ibe yizicucu ezincane. Amawindi asemaceleni ahlukaniswe kwesokudla nakwesokunxele, ngemuva noma ngaphambili futhi ahlehliswayo noma angunxantathu. Amawindi angamanxantathu angemuva angatholakala emnyango noma afakwe emzimbeni wemoto. Amafasitela angemuva angapendiwa emthunzini obizwa ngeSunset noma Sunsave glass. I-Sunset Technology yindlela yokwelapha ekwazi ukuqeda amandla elanga kuze kufike ku-45% futhi inciphise imisebe ye-UV efinyelela ku-99%. Ubuchwepheshe bengilazi ye-Sunsave iyingilazi ekhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo nama-windshields anengqimba ephindwe kabili enefilimu yokuvikela phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili zengilazi. Umbala wefasitela unqunywa ngokufaka umbala ungqimba olulodwa noma zombili zengilazi, kuyilapho ucwecwe luhlala lusobala.

Amawindi emoto angemuva

Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza buyafana ncamashi nobamawindi asemaceleni, kufaka phakathi ubuchwepheshe be-Sunset kanye ne-Sunsave glass. Umehluko ophawuleka kakhulu uhlala kuphela ekufudumaleni kwengilazi nakwezinye izinto ezithile, ezifana, ngokwesibonelo, amafreyimu obumba we-opaque wezibani zamabhuleki, kufaka phakathi izihlanganisi zensimbi, ukuvuleka kwe-wiper kanye ne-washer, noma ukuxhumana kokushisa nezimpondo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokufaka ingilazi

Esikhathini esiningi, amafasitela awonakele ayashintshwa; njengamanje, amawindi acwebezelwe kabili ahlala ethe njo ezimotweni zabagibeli. Ezimotweni ezinosuku lokuqala lokukhiqiza noma zamaloli, amabhasi namawindi asemaceleni, ingilazi imvamisa izungezwa ngohlaka lwenjoloba.

Inqubo yokufaka ingilazi enamaminerali

• Ukulungiswa kwayo yonke imishini yokusebenza, izesekeli ezidingekayo. (isithombe ngezansi).
• Susa imichilo yokunquma, izimvu zamanzi, obakaki nama-wiper ngokwemiyalo yomkhiqizi wemoto. Ngaphambi kokukhipha ingilazi endala, indawo yomzimba kufanele ivikelwe nge-masking tape ukuze ingalimazi umsebenzi wokupenda.
• Ingilazi elimele lingasikwa ngamathuluzi alandelayo: ukuqoqwa kukagesi, ukuhlukanisa ucingo, ummese oshisayo (ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukulawula kahle ukushisa kommese, ngaphandle kwalokho indawo yokusika yeglue endala ingashiswa). Sihlala sisebenzisa izibuko zokuphepha lapho sithatha indawo yamawindi ezimoto.
• Inkambo yokusika ingilazi.
• Sika isinamathelisi esisele ku-flange yomzimba wemoto kuye cishe ekujiyweni. Isendlalelo esingu-1-2 mm obukhulu, esakha indawo entsha efanelekile yokusebenzisa okunamathelayo okusha.
• Ukufakwa nokuhlolwa kwengilazi entsha. Ukuthola ukunemba kokugcina okungcono kakhulu, sincoma ukuthi ulinganise ingilazi entsha ngaphambi kokuyivula. Faka wonke ama-spacers bese umaka indawo efanele yengilazi nge-masking tape.
• Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwengilazi yemoto: ukuhlanza ingilazi ngomkhiqizo (i-Activator). Sula ingilazi eboshiwe ngendwangu ehlanzekile engenalutho noma ithawula lephepha elincishiswe ngomkhiqizo. Faka isicelo ungqimba oluncane ngesifo sohlangothi esisodwa, bese usula. Isikhathi somoya: imizuzu eyi-10 (23 ° C / 50% RH). Isexwayiso: Ukuvikelwa kwe-UV: lapho ushintsha amawindi emoto ngaphandle kwekhava elimnyama le-ceramic noma ukumbozwa kwesikrini, ngemuva kokusebenzisa ingilazi ngokulungiselela, faka okubizwa ngokuthi yi-primer ngendwangu yesembozo encane usebenzisa ibhulashi, uzizwe noma ofaka isicelo. Isikhathi somoya: 10 min (23 ° C / 50% RH).

Flange ebusweni pretreatment

Ukuhlanza kusuka ekungcoleni ngomkhiqizo. Sula indawo ebophayo ngendwangu ehlanzekile, ngokulandelana. ithawula lephepha lincishiswe ngomkhiqizo. Faka isicelo ungqimba oluncane ngesifo sohlangothi esisodwa, bese usula. Isikhathi somoya: Imizuzu eyi-10 (23 ° C / 50% RH).

• Ngemuva kwesinyathelo sokuqalisa, lungisa noma yimuphi umonakalo wepende odalwe ukukhipha ingilazi endala nopende wokulungisa, okuvame ukuba yingxenye yethuluzi. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu emsebenzini wokupenda, sincoma ukuthi kusetshenziswe upende wokuqala wokulungisa obalulwe ngumkhiqizi wemoto. Isexwayiso: Ungapendi phezu kwezinsalela ezindala zeglue.
• Ukulungiswa kwe-cartridge yeglue ngokwayo - ukususa i-cap, ikhava yokuzivikela, ukubeka i-cartridge kusibhamu seglue.
• Faka i-glue esikhwameni sengilazi. emaphethelweni wecala ngendlela yethrekhi engunxantathu usebenzisa ithiphu ekhethekile enikezwe nomkhiqizo. Ukunakwa: uma kunesidingo, ngokuya ngobude be-flange yomzimba nedatha yomkhiqizi wemoto, kuyadingeka ukulungisa ukuma kwethiphu.
• Ukufakwa kwengilazi entsha. Ingilazi entsha kufanele ifakwe phakathi nesikhathi sokusetha okunamathelayo esishiwo ekucacisweni komkhiqizo. Ukuze kube lula ukuphatha ingilazi, sisebenzisa abanikazi - izinkomishi zokudonsa. Cindezela kancane emugqeni wokunamathisela kubo bonke ubude bawo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthintana okuhle ne-adhesive. Lapho ufaka ingilazi entsha, gcina iminyango namafasitela asemaceleni evuliwe ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza engilazini ungaphakathi emotweni.
• Faka kabusha imichilo yokunquma, amaplastiki, ama-wiper, isibuko sangaphakathi sokubuka ngemuva noma inzwa yemvula. Uma kunesidingo, susa ukunamathela okusele nomkhiqizo ngaphambi kokulapha.

Inqubo yokumiselela i-windshield enanyathiselwe nayo ikhonjisiwe kuvidiyo elandelayo:

Ishintsha ingilazi enezinhlaka zenjoloba

Okubizwa ngokuthi amalensi enjoloba noma amalensi afakwe kuphawu lwenjoloba asetshenziswa kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezindala zezimoto zabagibeli. Nokho, emavenini namaloli, abanye abakhiqizi basasebenzisa le ndlela yokuvikela ingilazi. Inzuzo yokushintsha izibuko ezinjalo ukugcina isikhathi.

Ezimotweni ezindala, ukugqwala kwenzeka emaphethelweni embobo lapho kufakwa khona ingilazi. Ukugqwala kugudluza irabha lokufaka uphawu bese kuqala ukungena kulezi zindawo. Sixazulula le nkinga ngokufaka uphawu ukuvuza ngokunamathisela okukhethekile kokuvala. Uma unamathisela wokufaka uphawu ungasebenzi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ususe ingilazi ezindlini, ube nochwepheshe oplamba amapayipi alungise izindawo ezigqwalile abuye afake ingilazi, uma kungenzeka ngophawu lwenjoloba olusha.

Ukulungisa iwindi

Ukulungisa noma ukuhlanganisa kungenye indlela yokuqeda ukuqaqa nokushintshwa kwengilazi yezimoto. Ikakhulukazi, ukuqhekeka kulungiswa ngokudweba emoyeni ovela emgodini we-crack bese ufaka esikhundleni salo ngento ekhethekile enenkomba efanayo ye-refractive njengokukhanya.

Ukulungiswa kuzobuyisa amandla nozinzo lwangempela lwengilazi yezimoto futhi ngasikhathi sinye kuthuthukise kakhulu izakhiwo ezibonakalayo esizeni somonakalo wokuqala. Ama-80% emifantu adalwe yimithelela yamatshe ayalungiswa ngobuchwepheshe, inqobo nje uma ukuqhekeka kungapheli emaphethelweni engilazi.

Ngokuma, sihlukanisa izinhlobo ezithile zokuqhekeka ngokulandelayo:

Izizathu zokulungisa iwindi

Ezezimali:

• ngaphandle komshwalense wengozi noma umshuwalense owengeziwe we-windshield, ukufaka ingilazi yemoto esikhundleni kungabiza kakhulu,
• noma esimweni somshuwalense wengozi, ikhasimende imvamisa kufanele likhokhe enye imali,
• ngewindi langaphambili langempela, imoto inenani eliphakeme lokuthengisa,
• ngokuqhekeka emkhakheni wokubona komshayeli, kuzokhokhiswa inhlawulo yamashumi ama-euro futhi kungenzeka yenqatshwe kwiphasipoti lobuchwepheshe.

Ezobuchwepheshe:

• ingozi yokuvuza ngenxa yokunamathisela ingilazi entsha,
• Uma ingilazi yoqobo isikiwe, icala noma ingaphakathi lingalimala,
• ngokulungisa ukuqhekeka, ukunwetshwa kwalo okuzovinjelwa kuze kube phakade,
• ukubuyiselwa komsebenzi wokuphepha - i-airbag yangaphambili yomgibeli ihlezi ibhekene ne-windshield uma icushiwe.

Ngesikhathi:

• Amakhasimende amaningi akhetha ukulungiswa okusheshayo ngenkathi ulindile (kungakapheli ihora elingu-1) kunokuba ufake indawo ende yesivikelo somoya edinga ukuthi imoto ime njengoba iglue iyoma.

Umbono wabashuwalense ngokulungiswa kwengilazi

Izinkampani zomshwalense ziyayiqaphela le ndlela. Isizathu sicacile - inkampani yomshwalense izokhokha kancane kakhulu ukulungisa ingilazi kunokushintshwa kwayo. Uma i-crack ihlangabezana nemibandela yokulungisa, khona-ke ezinye izinkampani zomshuwalense zidinga ngisho nokukhandwa. Uma iklayenti lilandela inqubo efanele yokubika umcimbi onomshwalense, inkampani yomshwalense ibophekile ukuba ikhokhele ukulungiswa ngisho nasezimeni okuthiwa yizinsizakalo ezingaphandle kwenkontileka. Isimo siwukuhlolwa kokuqala kwengilazi eyonakele ngumuntu ogunyazwe inkampani yomshwalense.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zengilazi yemoto ezingalungiswa?

Noma iyiphi ifasitela langaphambili lemoto elinezingqimba ezimbili lingalungiswa ngomshini. Akukhathalekile ukuthi ingilazi icacile, inombala, ifuthumile noma iyabonakalisa. Lokhu kusebenza ezimotweni, emalolini nasemabhasini. Kodwa-ke, ingilazi esehlangothini nengilazi yangemuva ayinakulungiswa, ezochoboza izingcezu eziningi ezincane uma yephukile. Futhi akunakwenzeka ukulungisa amalambu noma izibuko.

Uyabona ukuqhekeka ngemuva kokulungiswa?

Yebo, konke ukukhanda ingilazi yemoto kushiya izimpawu ezithile ezibonakalayo, ezincike ohlotsheni lokuqhekeka. Izitolo zokulungisa izimoto ezihamba phambili nezizimbi kakhulu kuphela ezizobonisa kusengaphambili kwiwindi lemodeli ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-footprint olungalindelwa. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokulungiswa kwekhwalithi, ukuqhekeka koqobo kucishe kungabonakali uma kubukwa ngaphandle. Umshayeli akabhekene nenhlawulo nobungozi bezinkinga ngokunakekelwa.

Yini imfantu emikhulu engalungiswa?

Ngobuchwepheshe, kungenzeka ukulungisa umfantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usayizi nobude bawo (imvamisa kufika ku-10 cm). Kodwa-ke, ukuqhekeka akufanele kuphele emaphethelweni engilazi, futhi imbobo yokungena (iphuzu lomthelela wetshe - i-crater) akufanele ibe mkhulu kune-5 mm.

Ingabe iminyaka yokuqhekeka nezinga lokungcola kuncike kulokhu?

Akukhathalekile ukuthi ngabe silungise uqhekeko enkonzweni yezimoto esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuchwepheshile kuphela.

Ayini la mabala amnyama ngaphakathi komfantu?

Ukungcola okumnyama (okubonwa kangcono uma umfantu umbozwe ngephepha elimhlophe) kuwumphumela womoya ongena endaweni yokuqhekeka. Lapho umoya ungena phakathi kongqimba lokuqala lwengilazi kanye ne-foil, kubangela umphumela wokubona ojwayelekile wobumnyama. Ngokulungiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwemifantu, umoya ukhishwa ngo-100% bese uthathelwa indawo into ekhethekile enenkomba ye-refractive efana nengilazi. Ngemuva kokulungiswa kwekhwalithi embi, ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane, izinto zokugcwalisa "zifile" futhi zishiya ifaneli engathandeki. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, ama-black optical traces azohlala e-crack, ekhombisa ukukhishwa komoya okungaphelele. Kulokhu, ukuqhekeka kungase kwandise.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinsizakalo ezilungisa ingilazi yemoto namuhla?

Ukulungiswa kwesivikelo sasemini akunikezwa kuphela yizinkampani ezikhethekile ezifana ne-Autosklo XY, kodwa futhi nezinye izinsizakalo eziningi ezingadingi ukufaka ingilazi yemoto nhlobo emisebenzini yazo. Ukulungiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe nakho kwenziwa ezitolo zamathaya, njll.

Ukulungiswa kwengilazi usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-vacuum

Lapho kulungiswa ingilazi, umonakalo uqedwa ngokusakaza. Okokuqala, kukhishwa umoya endaweni eyonakele, kuthi lapho kuhlanzwa, kususwe ukungcola okuncane nomswakama. Indawo igcwele i-resin ecacile futhi ivunyelwe ukwelashwa ngokukhanya kwe-UV. Ingilazi evuselelwe inezinto ezifanayo zokubuka nezomshini njengeglasi eliqinile. Izinga lokulungiswa lithonywe yisikhathi esidlulile kusukela ngesikhathi sokulimala kuze kube sesikhathini sokulungiswa, kanye nomumo womonakalo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuxhumana nensizakalo ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma ezinye izibopho zisivimbela ekuvakasheleni insizakalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi indawo eyonakalisiwe ivalwe ngetape eguqukayo. Sizokwehlisa ukungena kokungcola kanye nomswakama womoya endaweni yomonakalo.

Lapho silungisa amawindi emoto, kufanele sinake, okokuqala, isici sobuchwepheshe bokuthi kungenzeka kulungiswe futhi kuhlolwe nokulungiswa okwenziwe, futhi ngombono wezomnotho nowesikhashana.