I-T-90M - ithangi elisha lebutho laseRussia
Inguqulo entsha ye "yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye" - T-90M - ibukeka ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu kusukela ngaphambili. Amamojula abonakala kakhulu okuvikela okunamandla "i-Rielikt" nezinhloko zokubuka nokuhloswe kwemishini yokulawula umlilo "Kalina".
NgoSeptemba 9, ngobusuku bangaphambi koSuku lomkhumbi, ukuboniswa komphakathi kokuqala kwenguqulo entsha ye-T-90 MBT kwenzeka endaweni yokuqeqeshwa yaseLuga eduze kwaseSt. Umshini wokuqala womshini wesimanje, oqokwe i-T-90M, wabamba iqhaza kwesinye seziqephu zokuzivocavoca kwe-Zapad-2017. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, izimoto ezinjalo ngezinombolo eziningi kufanele zifake amayunithi okulwa we-Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Ngaphambilini, ngesonto eledlule lika-Agasti, ngesikhathi senkundla yaseMoscow "Army-2017" (bheka i-WiT 10/2017), uMnyango Wezokuvikela waseRussia usayine izinkontileka ezimbalwa nomkhiqizi wamathangi - Uralvagonzavod Corporation (UVZ). Ngokusho komunye wabo, i-Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation kufanele ithole inombolo yezimoto ezivumela ukuhlomisa isigaba sezikhali, futhi ukudiliva kufanele kuqale ngonyaka ozayo. I-oda le-T-90M liyisinyathelo esilandelayo sohlelo lokwenziwa kwesimanjemanje lwamathangi aseRussia osekuyiminyaka eminingi esebenza, okufanekiselwa ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwezimoto ze-T-72B zibe sezingeni le-B3 (bona i-WiT 8/2017) , nakuba kulesi simo kungenzeka ukuthenga izimoto ezintsha sha. Ekuqaleni konyaka, kwavela ulwazi mayelana nezinhlelo zokwenza wonke amathangi e-T-90 abe yisimanjemanje enkonzweni ne-Polish Armed Forces ibe imodeli entsha, i.e. izimoto ezingaba ngu-400. Kungenzeka futhi ukukhiqiza izimoto ezintsha.
Ithangi elisha ladalwa njengengxenye yephrojekthi yocwaningo enekhodi ethi "Prrany-3" futhi iyindlela yokuthuthukisa ye-T-90/T-90A. Ukucatshangelwa okubaluleke kakhulu kwakuwukuthuthukisa kakhulu amapharamitha ayinhloko anquma inani lokulwa lethangi, okungukuthi, amandla omlilo, ukusinda kanye nezici zokudonsa. Izinto zikagesi bekufanele zikwazi ukusebenza endaweni egxile kunethiwekhi futhi zisebenzise ithuba lokushintshisana ngokushesha kolwazi lwamaqhinga.
Isithombe sokuqala se-T-90M sembulwe ngoJanuwari 2017. Kuqinisekisile ukuthi ithangi liseduze kakhulu ne-T-90AM (igama lokuthekelisa T-90MS), elakhiwe njengengxenye yephrojekthi ye-Pripy-2 ekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka lokuqala lekhulu lama-90. Kodwa-ke, uma lo mshini wathuthukiswa enguqulweni yokuthekelisa ngenxa yokungathandi amasosha aseRussia, khona-ke i-T-XNUMXM yadalelwa i-Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Ethangini okuxoxwa ngalo, kusetshenziswe izixazululo eziningi ezingakaze zisetshenziswe "ku-nineties", kodwa zaziwa ngaphambili, kuhlanganise neziphakamiso ezihlukahlukene zesimanje.
I-T-90M Anatomy Nokusinda
Umzuzu ophawuleka kakhulu futhi obalulekile wesimanje umbhoshongo omusha. Inesakhiwo esishiselwe kanye nokwakheka kwe-hexagonal. Ihlukile ku-turret esetshenziswe ku-T-90A/T-90S, okuhlanganisa uhlelo lwezimbobo zokuhoxiswa kwamakhanda okubonwayo, ukuba khona kwe-niche nodonga lwangemuva oluyisicaba esikhundleni solugobile olusetshenziswe ngaphambilini. I-cupola yomphathi ojikelezayo yashiywa futhi esikhundleni sayo kwafakwa umqhele ongapheli onama-periscopes. Kunamathiselwe odongeni olungemuva lombhoshongo kunesitsha esikhulu esiqukethe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ingxenye yomnyango wezomlilo.
Kusukela kudalulwe ulwazi lokuqala mayelana nephrojekthi ye-Pripy-3, kube neziphakamiso zokuthi i-T-90M izothola isivikelo serokhethi esisha se-Malachite. Izithombe zethangi eliqediwe zibonisa ukuthi noma kunjalo kwanqunywa ukusebenzisa izikhali zeRielikt. Endaweni engaphambili, efinyelela cishe ku-35 ° kwesokunxele nakwesokudla sendiza yobude be-turret, izikhali eziyinhloko zethangi zimbozwe amamojula asindayo e-Rielikt. Amakhasethi nawo ayebekwe phezu kophahla. Ngaphakathi kunezinto ezisebenzayo ze-2S23. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamojula amise okwebhokisi aqukethe ukufakwa kwe-2C24 amisiwe ezindongeni eziseceleni zombhoshongo, endaweni evikelwe amapuleti ensimbi amancane. Isixazululo esifanayo sisanda kwethulwa enguqulweni yakamuva ye-T-73B3. Amamojula embozwe isikhwama sensimbi esingasindi ishidi.
I-T-90AM (MS) ekucushweni kuka-2011. Indawo yokudubula elawulwa kude engu-7,62 mm ibonakala ngokucacile ku-turret. Naphezu kokusebenza, okuphakeme kakhulu kune-T-90 / T-90A, i-Armed Forces yeRussian Federation ayizange ilokothe ukuthenga amathangi esimanje ngokusekelwe kwimiphumela yohlelo lwe-Pripy-2. Kodwa-ke, i-T-90MS yahlala ekunikezelweni kokuthekelisa.
Amaseli e-Rielikt ayafana ngosayizi nowandulelayo we-Kontakt-5, kodwa asebenzisa ukwakheka okuqhume okuhlukile. Umehluko omkhulu usekusetshenzisweni kwama-cartridges amasha asindayo, asuselwe kude nesembatho zempi esiyinhloko. Izindonga zabo zangaphandle zenziwe ngamashidi ensimbi acishe abe ngu-20 mm ubukhulu. Ngenxa yebanga phakathi kwekhasethi kanye nezikhali zethangi, amapuleti womabili asebenza ku-penetrator, hhayi - njengoba kwenzeka "Contact-5" - kuphela udonga lwangaphandle. Ipuleti elingaphakathi, ngemva kokuthi iseli seliqhunyiswe phezulu, liya ngasemkhunjini, licindezela i-penetrator noma i-cumulative jet isikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa ye-asymmetry yenqubo ye-funnel kumashidi athambekele kakhulu, unqenqema oluphazamisekile lwenhlamvu lusebenza ku-projectile. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi "i-Rielikt" inciphisa amandla angenayo wezimboni zesimanje ngakho-ke isebenza izikhathi ezimbili nengxenye kune-"Contact-5". Idizayini yamakhasethi namaseli ngokwawo nayo yakhelwe ukunikeza isivikelo kumakhanda aqhuma e-tandem.
Amamojula anamaseli angu-2C24 aklanyelwe ukuvikela kumakhanda anqwabelene. Ngokungeziwe ekufakweni okusebenzayo, aqukethe ama-gasket ensimbi nepulasitiki adizayinelwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana kwesikhathi eside kwezinto zempi nokugeleza okungena kukhatriji.
Isici sesibili esibalulekile seRielikt yi-modularity yayo. Ukuhlukanisa isivalo sibe izingxenye ezishintsha ngokushesha kwenza kube lula ukukhanda ensimini. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi esimweni sesikhumba se-fuselage sangaphambili. Esikhundleni sesici se-5 contact-laminate chambers avalwe ngama-screw caps, amamojula asetshenziswe endaweni yezikhali asetshenziswa. I-Rielikt iphinde ivikele izinhlangothi ze-fuselage ekuphakameni kwendawo yokulawula kanye nendawo yokulwa. Phansi kwamaphinifa kukhona amashidi erabha aqinisiwe avala kancane amasondo omthwalo futhi akhawulele ukukhuphuka kothuli ngenkathi ushayela.
Izinhlangothi nengemuva lendawo yokulawula, kanye nesitsha esingemuva kombhoshongo, kwakumbozwe izikrini ze-lattice. Lolu hlobo lwezivikelo olulula lusebenza cishe ngo-50-60% ngokumelene namakhanda e-HEAT esiteji esisodwa seziqhumane zamabhomu ezilwa namathangi.
I-T-90MS ku-IDEX 2013 e-Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Ngaphandle komsebenzi wokupenda ogwadule, ithangi liphinde lathola amalambu amasha namakhamera engeziwe omshayeli.
Esithombeni sokuqala se-T-90M, izikrini ze-lattice zivikele isisekelo se-turret kusukela ngaphambili nasemaceleni. Emotweni eyethulwe ngoSepthemba, amakhava athathelwa indawo nge-mesh evumelana nezimo. Umthombo wogqozi, ngaphandle kwesithunzi sokungabaza, yisixazululo esakhiwe ukukhathazeka kwaseBrithani i-QinetiQ, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Q-net, (aka RPGNet), esetshenziswe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuma-wolverines asePoland ngesikhathi sokusebenza e-Afghanistan. I-sheath iqukethe ubude obufushane bekhebuli eqinile eboshwe enethini enamafindo ensimbi amakhulu. Izakhi zokugcina nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulimazeni ama-warheads e-HEAT projectile. Inzuzo yegridi yisisindo sayo esiphansi, kuze kube kabili ngaphansi kwezikrini ze-tape, kanye nokulula ukulungisa. Ukusetshenziswa kwebhuthi eguquguqukayo nakho kwenza kube lula kumshayeli ukuthi agibele futhi aphume. Ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi ngokumelene nezikhali ezilula ze-HEAT kulinganiselwa ku-50-60%.
I-T-90MS ivuse intshisekelo yabasebenzisi abambalwa abangaba khona. Ngo-2015, umshini wahlolwa insimu eKuwait. Ngokwemibiko yabezindaba, izwe belifuna ukuthenga izimoto ezingu-146 T-90MS.
Mhlawumbe, njengasendabeni ye-T-90MS, ingaphakathi lamagumbi okulwa nokuqondisa kwakufakwe ungqimba oluphikisana nokuhlukaniswa. Ama-Mats anciphisa ubungozi bokulimala kumalungu eqembu kumahithi angangeniwe futhi anciphisa umonakalo ngemva kokungena kwezikhali. Izinhlangothi nangaphezulu kwesithwali se-carousel yesistimu yokulayisha inganono nayo yayimbozwe ngezinto zokuzivikela.
Umlawuli wamathangi uthole indawo entsha engashintshi esikhundleni se-turret ejikelezayo. Idizayini ye-hatch ikuvumela ukuthi uyilungise endaweni evulekile kancane. Kulokhu, umkhuzi angakwazi ukubona imvelo ngokusebenzisa umkhawulo we-hatch, emboze ikhanda lakhe ngesivalo esivela phezulu.
Amahemuhemu mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokuzivikela yesimanje yase-Afghanit ku-T-90M aphenduke amanga, njengoba kwakunjalo ngezikhali ze-Malachite. Okuhlukile kwesistimu ye-Sztora, eqokwe i-TSZU-1-2M, yafakwa emotweni eyethulwe ngoSepthemba. Kuhlanganisa, phakathi kokunye, izitholi ezine ze-laser radiation ezibekwe phezu kombhoshongo, kanye nephaneli yokulawula endaweni yomphathi. Uma kutholwa usongo, isistimu ingaqhumisa ngokuzenzakalela intuthu namabhomu e-aerosol (uma kuqhathaniswa ne-T-90MS, ukuhlelwa kweziqalisi zabo kushintshwe kancane). Ngokungafani nezinguqulo zangaphambilini ze-Sztora, i-TSZU-1-2M ayizange isebenzise izifudumezi ze-infrared. Yiqiniso, ngeke kukhishwe ukuthi esikhathini esizayo i-T-90M izothola uhlelo lokuzivikela oluthuthuke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Afganit, nezinhlelo zayo zokuthola izinsongo eziningi kanye namabhomu entuthu kanye neziqhumane ezilwa nemicibisholo, kuzodinga izinguquko ezinkulu ekucushweni kwemishini ye-turret futhi, vele, bekungeke kunganakwa ababukele.
Ku-T-90MS, kwasungulwa iphakheji yokufihla, okwakuyinhlanganisela yezinto ze-Nakidka kanye ne-Tiernownik. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ku-T-90M. Iphakheji isebenza njenge-deformation camouflage ku-spectrum ebonakalayo futhi ikhawulela ukubonakala ku-radar kanye nobubanzi obushisayo bethangi elihlonyiswe ngayo. Ukumbozwa kunciphisa izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwemoto emisebeni yelanga, kukhiphe izinhlelo zokupholisa nezipholile.
Impi
Izikhali eziyinhloko T-90M - 125 mm smoothbore gun. Nakuba izinguqulo ezithuthuke kakhulu ze-"nineties" kuze kube manje zithole izibhamu ezinhlobonhlobo ze-2A46M-5, esimweni sokuthuthukiswa kwakamuva, okuhlukile kwe-2A46M-6 kuyashiwo. Idatha esemthethweni ku-2A46M-6 ayikavezwa umphakathi. Inombolo elandelayo kunkomba ibonisa ukuthi ezinye izinguquko zenziwe, kodwa akwaziwa ukuthi ziholele ekuthuthukisweni kwamanye amapharamitha noma ukuthi bezinesisekelo sobuchwepheshe.
I-T-90M ngesikhathi sombukiso enkundleni yokuqeqesha i-Luga - enesikrini se-mesh kanye nesiteshi esisha se-GWM esingu-12,7-mm.
Isisindo sesibhamu singamathani angu-2,5, okungaphansi kwesigamu esiwela emgqonyeni. Ubude bayo buyi-6000 mm, obuhambisana nama-calibers angu-48. Ikhebuli yomgqomo inodonga olubushelelezi futhi ifakwe i-chrome impilo ende. Ukuxhumeka kwe-bayonet kwenza kube lula ukufaka esikhundleni somphongolo, kufaka phakathi ensimini. Umgqomo umbozwe nge-heat-insulating casing, enciphisa umphumela wokushisa ekunembeni kokudubula, futhi ifakwe ne-self-blower.
Isibhamu sithole uhlelo olulawula ukuchezuka komgqomo. Iqukethe i-emitter ye-beam ekhanyayo enenzwa etholakala eduze kwebhokisi lesibhamu kanye nesibuko esifakwe eduze kombhobho wombhobho. Idivayisi ithatha izilinganiso futhi ithumele idatha ohlelweni lokulawula umlilo, okwenza kube lula ukucabangela ukudlidliza okuguquguqukayo komgqomo ekulungiseni ikhompyutha ye-ballistic.
Lapho kuvela ulwazi lokuqala oluyivelakancane mayelana ne-T-90M, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ithangi lizohlonyiswa ngesinye sezinhlobonhlobo zesibhamu se-2A82-1M, okuyisibhamu esikhulu sezimoto ze-T-14 Armata. Idizayini entsha ngokuphelele, enobude bomphongolo obungamacaliber angama-56 (okuyimitha engaphezu kwe-2A46M). Ngokwandisa ingcindezi evumelekile ekamelweni, i-2A82 ingadubula izinhlamvu ezinamandla kakhudlwana, futhi kufanele futhi inembe ngokucacile kunangaphambili. Izithombe ze-T-90M kusukela ngoSepthemba nonyaka. nokho, azikusekeli ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yiziphi izinhlobonhlobo ze-2A82.
Isibhamu sishayelwa umshini wokulayisha wochungechunge lwe-AZ-185. Isistimu iguqulelwe ukusetshenziswa ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlamvu zezinga elincane ezingena isikhathi eside njenge-Swiniec-1 ne-Swiniec-2. Izinhlamvu zichazwa njengemizuliswano engama-43. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphezu kokudubula okungu-22 ku-carousel kanye nokungu-10 ku-turret niche, izibhamu ezingu-11 zifakwe ngaphakathi kwendawo yokulwa.
Kuze kube manje, alukho ulwazi mayelana namadivayisi anesibopho sokuzinzisa nokuqondisa izikhali eziyinhloko. Endabeni ye-T-90MS, kwasetshenziswa inguqulo yakamuva yesistimu ye-2E42 eqinisekisiwe, ene-electro-hydraulic gun lifting mechanism. I-Russia iphinde yasungula uhlelo lukagesi olugcwele i-2E58. Ibonakala, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, ukwethembeka okukhulayo kanye nokunemba okwandayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezixazululo zangaphambilini. Inzuzo ebalulekile futhi ukuqedwa kwesistimu ye-hydraulic, engaba yingozi kubasebenzi uma kwenzeka umonakalo ngemuva kokubhoboza izikhali. Ngakho-ke, akunakuphikwa ukuthi i-90E2 yasetshenziswa ku-T-58M.
Izikhali ezisizayo zihlanganisa: 7,62 mm isibhamu somshini 6P7K (PKTM) kanye nesibhamu somshini esingu-12,7 mm 6P49MT (Kord MT). Eyokuqala ixhunywe kunganono. Isitoko sama-cartridges angu-7,62 × 54R mm singama-rounds angu-1250.
Izikhali ezintsha kanye ne-cellar ngemuva kwe-turret kuguqule i-silhouette ye-Ninety ethuthukisiwe. Eceleni kunophawu lokuzikhipha imoto uma ibhajwa endaweni enamaxhaphozi.
Ngemuva kokudalulwa kwe-T-90MS, izingxabano eziningi zadalwa ukuhlonyiswa kwayo nge-PKTM yesibili, efakwe endaweni yokudubula elawulwa kude i-T05BV-1. Iphuzu eliyinhloko lokugxekwa kwaba usizo oluphansi lwalezi zikhali ngokumelene nezinhloso zezikhali njengezimoto zokulwa ezincane kanye nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane. Ngakho-ke, i-T-90M yanquma ukubuyela ku-MG. Isibhamu se-Kord MT esingu-12,7 mm sibekwe endaweni elawulwa kude ku-turret yethangi. I-Pedestal yayo yayifakwe i-coaxially eduze kwesisekelo sensimbi yomlawuli we-panoramic. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-T05BW-1, ukukhweza okusha akulingani, isibhamu singakwesokunxele kanye ne-ammo rack kwesokudla. Isihlalo somkhuzi kanye nedivayisi akuxhunyiwe futhi kungazungeziswa ngokuzimele. Ngemva kokuba umkhuzi ekhethe imodi efanele, isiteshi silandela umugqa wokubona kwedivayisi ye-panoramic. Ama-engeli okudubula kungenzeka ukuthi ahlala engashintshile uma kuqhathaniswa nemojula ene-T-90MS futhi asukela ku--10° ukuya ku-45° mpo kanye no-316° ngokuvundlile. Isitokwe se-cartridges esingu-12,7 mm caliber singama-rounds angu-300.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwezingxabano zakamuva kubonisa ukuthi ngisho namagobolondo amadala e-HEAT angaba usongo emathangeni esimanje lapho engena ezindaweni ezingavikelekile. Izikhali zekhreyithi zandisa amathuba okuthi imoto ngeke ithole umonakalo omkhulu uma kwenzeka kushaywa kanjalo.
Isikrini sebha siphinde simboze i-outlet. Ingxenye ye-armored ye-generator yamandla asizayo ibonakala ngemuva kwesikebhe.
Uhlelo lokulawula umlilo nokuqwashisa ngezimo
Enye yezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu ezenziwe ngesikhathi sesimanje "yeshumi nesishiyagalolunye" ukulahlwa okuphelele kwesistimu yokulawula umlilo esetshenziswe ngaphambili 1A45T "Irtysh". Naphezu kwemingcele ehloniphekile nokusebenza, namuhla i-Irtysh ingeyezixazululo eziphelelwe yisikhathi. Lokhu kuyasebenza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ekuhlukaniseni amathuluzi oshayasibhamu emini nasebusuku kanye nesakhiwo esiyingxubevange salo lonke uhlelo. Esokuqala sezixazululo ezishiwo ngenhla sithathwe njenge-anergonomic futhi singasebenzi iminyaka. Ngokulandelayo, ukwakheka okuxubile kwesistimu kunciphisa ukuthambekela kwayo ekushintsheni. Nakuba ikhompyutha ye-ballistic iyisisetshenziswa sedijithali, ubuhlobo bayo nezinye izakhi buyefana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ukwethulwa komklamo omusha wezinhlamvu ezinezakhiwo ezintsha ze-ballistic kudinga ukuguqulwa kwehadiwe ezingeni lesistimu. Endabeni ye-Irtysh, ezinye izinhlobo ezintathu zebhulokhi ye-1W216 zethulwa, zishintsha amasiginali we-analog kusuka kukhompyutha ye-ballistic kuya ohlelweni lokuqondisa izikhali, ngokuhambisana nohlobo olukhethiwe lwe-cartridge.
I-DKO Kalina yesimanje isetshenziswe ku-T-90M. Ifaka i-architecture evulekile, futhi inhliziyo yayo iyikhompyutha ye-digital ballistic ecubungula idatha evela kuzinzwa, izinto ezibonwayo kanye nama-turret crew consoles. Inxanxathela ihlanganisa isistimu yokulandelela okuqondiwe okuzenzakalelayo. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezakhi ngazinye zesistimu kwenziwa ngebhasi ledijithali. Lokhu kusiza ukunwetshwa okungenzeka kanye nokushintshwa kwamamojula, ukuqaliswa kwezibuyekezo zesofthiwe, nokwenza lula ukuxilonga. Iphinde inikeze ukuhlanganiswa nohlelo lwe-electronics lwethangi (okuthiwa i-vector electronics).
Umdubuli we-tank unombono we-multi-channel PNM-T "Sosna-U" wenkampani yaseBelarusian JSC "Pieleng". Ngokungafani ne-T-72B3, lapho le divayisi yasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokubuka ebusuku, ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwe-turret, i-T-90M inomshini otholakala cishe ngqo phambi kwesihlalo somkhumbi. Lokhu kwenza isikhundla somdubuli sibe ne-ergonomic kakhulu. Uhlelo lwe-Sosna-U optical lusebenzisa ukukhuliswa okubili, × 4 kanye ne-× 12, lapho inkambu yokubuka ingu-12 ° no-4 °, ngokulandelana. Isiteshi sasebusuku sisebenzisa ikhamera yokuthwebula eshisayo. I-Thales Catherine-FC yalolu hlobo ifakwe emathangeni aseRussia kuze kube manje, kodwa kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa ikhamera yesimanje ye-Catherine-XP. Womabili amakhamera asebenza kububanzi obuyi-8-12 microns - imisebe ye-infrared ye-long-wave (LWIR). Imodeli ethuthuke kancane isebenzisa umtshina ongu-288x4, kuyilapho i-Catherine-XP isebenzisa 384x288. Osayizi bezinzwa ezinkulu nokuzwela kuholela, ikakhulukazi, ekwandeni kwebanga lokutholwa kwethagethi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yesithombe, okusiza ukuhlonza. Zombili izikimu zamakhamera zinikeza ukukhuliswa okubili - × 3 kanye × 12 (inkambu yokubuka 9 × 6,75 ° kanye 3 × 2,35 °, ngokulandelana) futhi abe nokusondeza kwedijithali okuvumela ukubuka ngokukhulisa × 24 (inkambu yokubuka 1,5 × 1,12 ,XNUMX °). Isithombe esivela esiteshini sasebusuku siboniswa kumonitha endaweni yomdubuli, futhi kusukela emini sibonakala ngeso lokubuka.
I-pulsed laser rangefinder yakhelwe kukesi le-Sosny-U. I-neodymium yellow crystal emitter iletha i-1,064 µm beam. Ukulinganisa kungenzeka kude ne-50 kuya ku-7500 m ngokunemba kwe-± 10 m. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyunithi yokuqondisa imicibisholo ye-Riflex-M ihlanganiswe nokubona. Le mojula ihlanganisa i-laser ye-semiconductor ekhiqiza igagasi eliqhubekayo.
Isibuko sokufaka sedivayisi sizinzile kuzo zombili izindiza. Iphutha elimaphakathi lokuzinza linqunywa ukuthi libe ngu-0,1 mrad uma uhamba ngesivinini esifika ku-30 km/h. Idizayini yokubona ikuvumela ukuthi uguqule indawo yomugqa wokuphokophela ebangeni ukusuka ku--10° ukuya ku-20° mpo kanye no-7,5° ngokuvundlile ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuzungezisa umbhoshongo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukunemba okuphezulu kokulandelela kwethagethi ehambayo ngokuphathelene nemoto ehamba nayo.
Ngaphezu kwe-Sosna-U, i-PDT sight yafakwa ku-T-90M. Isebenza njengensiza noma idivayisi yesimo esiphuthumayo. I-PDT yafakwa phakathi kokubona okuyinhloko kanye nesibhamu, ikhanda le-periscope lakhishwa ngembobo ophahleni. Izindlu zihlala amakhamera emini nasebusuku zisebenzisa isikhulisi sokukhanya esisele. Isithombe sikamabonakude singavezwa kumonitha yesibhamu. Inkambu yokubuka ye-PDT ingu-4×2,55°. Igridi idalwe isistimu yokuqagela. Igridi, ngaphezu kwe-stop mark, ihlanganisa izikali ezimbili ezikuvumela ukuthi unqume ububanzi obuqondiswe ekuphakameni kwayo okungu-2,37 m (ngesibhamu) no-1,5 m (ngesibhamu somshini we-coaxial). Ngemva kokulinganisa ibanga, umdubuli usetha ibanga esebenzisa ikhonsoli, elungisa indawo ye-reticle ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinhlamvu ezikhethiwe.
Isibuko sokungena sokubuka sixhunywe kumbeleko kusetshenziswa isistimu yamalever. Ububanzi bokunyakaza kwesibuko okuqondile busuka ku-−9° ukuya ku-17°. Ulayini wokubona uzinza kuye ngesikhali, iphutha elijwayelekile lokuzinza alidluli i-1 mrad. I-PDT ifakwe amandla ayo, ihlinzeka ngemizuzu engama-40 yokusebenza.
Amakhava amakhanda e-Sosna-U nawe-PDT aphumela ngaphezu kwezinga losilingi afakwe amakhava agudlukayo alawulwa ukude futhi avikela amalensi emishini. Lokhu kuyinto entsha ephawulekayo endabeni yezimoto zaseRussia. Emathangini angaphambili, amalensi okubona ayengavikelekile noma amakhava ayesikiwe.
Ku-T-90M, njengasendabeni ye-T-90MS, bashiye i-cupola yomkhuzi ejikeleza kancane. Ngokubuyisela, wanikezwa isikhundla esimile, ezungezwe umqhele wama-periscopes ayisishiyagalombili, kanye ne-panoramic observation kanye nedivayisi yokubona ye-Polish Academy of Sciences "Iso Le-Falcon". Ngaphansi kwe-periscopes ngayinye kukhona inkinobho yokushaya ucingo. Ukuchofoza kuyo kubangela ukuthi umbono we-panoramic uphendukele emkhakheni ohambisanayo wokubuka.
Ngemuva kwe-hatch yomkhuzi kubekwe "iso le-Falcon", elifana neBelarusian "Pine-U". Amakhamera amabili afakwe emzimbeni ovamile, i-imaging yosuku ne-thermal, kanye ne-laser rangefinder. Kumodi yosuku, iyunithi yenza i-x3,6 ne-x12 yokukhulisa. Inkambu yokubuka ingu-7,4×5,6° no-2,5×1,9°, ngokulandelana. Ithrekhi yasebusuku isuselwe kukhamera ye-Catherine-FC noma ye-XP. I-laser rangefinder inezici ezifanayo nalezo ezisetshenziswe e-Sosno. I-cylindrical body of the sight ingaphendukiswa nge-engeli egcwele; Uhla olume mpo lokuhamba kwesibuko sokungena lusuka ku--10° ukuya ku-45°. Umugqa wokukhomba uzinzile kuzo zombili izindiza, iphutha lokuzinza eliphakathi alidluli i-0,1 mrad.
Ukuvala i-T-90M turret. Amakhava avulekile ezinto zokubona zomkhuzi kanye nemishini yokubuka kanye neyoshayasibhamu, kanye nenzwa ye-laser radiation neziqhumane zebhomu lentuthu zibonakala ngokucacile. Isikrini semeshi sisebenza kahle njengesembozo senduku noma senduku kodwa silula kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuvimbeli umshayeli ukuba athathe indawo yakhe.
Izithombe ezisuka kumakhamera edivayisi ye-panoramic ziboniswa kumonitha yomkhuzi. Ukucushwa kwe-DCO kaKalina kumnika ukufinyelela cishe kuyo yonke imisebenzi yesistimu. Uma kunesidingo, angakwazi ukulawula izikhali futhi asebenzise i-Hawkeye, isiteshi sasebusuku sase-Sosny-U noma i-PDT ukuze uthole isiqondiso. Kumodi eyisisekelo yokusebenzelana nomdubuli, umsebenzi womkhuzi ukuthola okuhlosiwe futhi awabonise ngedivayisi ye-panoramic ngokuya ngomgomo othi "umzingeli-umbulali".
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, i-Kalina SKO yayihlotshaniswa nezinye izinhlelo ze-elektroniki ze-T-90M, i.e. ukulawula, ukuzulazula kanye nohlelo lokuxhumana. Ukuhlanganiswa kunikeza ukugeleza okuzenzakalelayo kwezindlela ezimbili zolwazi phakathi kwethangi nokuthunyelwe komyalo. Lokhu kukhathazeka kwedatha, phakathi kwezinye izinto, isikhundla samandla akhe kanye nesitha esitholiwe, isimo nokutholakala kwezinhlamvu noma uphethiloli, kanye nama-oda kanye nezingcingo zokusekelwa. Izixazululo zivumela umphathi wamathangi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuhloswa kokusebenza kokubuka endaweni efanele yendawo, esebenzisa ideshibhodi yohlelo lokusekela lwemisebenzi eminingi enombukiso wemephu.
Ukuqwashisa ngezimo komkhuzi kuthuthukiswa ngokusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokuqapha eyengeziwe eyethulwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule ku-T-90MS. Iqukethe amakamelo amane. Ezintathu zazo zazibekwe phezu kwensika yenzwa yesimo sezulu, zibekwe ophahleni lombhoshongo ngemuva kwesikhala sesibhamu, kanti eyesine yayisodongeni olungakwesokudla lombhoshongo. Ikhamera ngayinye inenkambu yokubuka engu-95×40°. Isikhulisi sokukhanya esisalayo esakhelwe ngaphakathi sikuvumela ukuthi ubukele ezimeni eziphansi zokukhanya.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini ecebile ye-optoelectronic yombhoshongo, imishini yokubuka yomshayeli we-T-90M impofu kakhulu. Ithangi elibonisiwe alizange lithole olunye uhlelo lokugada usuku / ubusuku, olwaziwa kusukela kwesinye sezinguquko "zombukiso" we-T-90AM / MS. Esikhundleni sokukhanyisa kwe-LED okuzayo, i-tandem yokukhanya okubonakalayo kwe-FG-127 nokukhanya kwe-infrared FG-125, okwakwaziwa amashumi eminyaka ambalwa, kufakwa phambi kwe-fuselage. Ukusetshenziswa kwekhamera ehlukile yokubuka ngemuva nakho akuqinisekisiwe. Nokho, umsebenzi wayo ngokwezinga elithile ungenziwa ngamakhamera ohlelo lokugada embhoshongweni.
Kuze kube manje, akukho mininingwane mayelana nokuxhumana kwendawo kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezaziwayo. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi i-T-90M ithole ikhithi efanayo ne-T-90MS, eyivumela ukuthi isebenzise i-digital vectronics kanye nohlelo lokulawula umlilo. Iphakheji ihlanganisa isistimu yokuzulazula eyi-hybrid enamamojula angenayo nesathelayithi. Ngokulandelayo, ukuxhumana kwangaphandle kusekelwe ezinhlelweni zomsakazo zesistimu ye-Akwieduk, nazo ezifakiwe, kuhlanganise nasemathangeni e-T-72B3.
Izimoto ezizodwa, cishe ama-prototypes, i-T-90M ne-T-80BVM zibambe iqhaza ekuzilolongeni kwe-Zapad-2017.
Izici zokudonsa
Ngokuqondene nedrayivu ye-T-90M, ushintsho olubaluleke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinguqulo zangaphambilini ze-"yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye" ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu entsha yokulawula "umshayeli". Izinsimbi eziphindwe kabili ezazisetshenziswa emathangini aseSoviet naseRussia iminyaka zathathelwa indawo yisondo lokuqondisa i-shuttlecock. Izilinganiso zamagiya zishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo, nakuba ukubhala ngaphezulu mathupha nakho kuyagcinwa. Ukulungiswa kwenza kube lula ukulawula ithangi. Ngenxa yokukhululeka komshayeli, isivinini esimaphakathi kanye namandla ayo ashintshashintshayo nawo anyuke kancane. Nokho-ke akushiwo ukuthi kuqedwe umonakalo omkhulu wama-gearbox asetshenzisiwe kuze kube manje, okuwukuphela kwegiya elihlehlayo elivumela ukuhlehla kancane kuphela.
Mhlawumbe, i-T-90M ithole isitshalo samandla esifanayo ne-T-72B3. Lena i-W-92S2F (phambilini eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-W-93) injini kadizili. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-W-92S2, amandla okukhipha amandla okuhluka okusindayo anyuke esuka ku-736 kW/1000 hp. ifinyelela ku-831 kW/1130 hp ne-torque isuka ku-3920 iye ku-4521 Nm. Izinguquko zedizayini zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamaphampu amasha namabhobho, izinduku zokuxhuma eziqinisiwe kanye ne-crankshaft. Isistimu yokupholisa nezihlungi ohlelweni lokuthathayo nazo zishintshiwe.
Isisindo sokulwa sesimanje "amashumi ayisishiyagalolunye" sinqunywa amathani angama-46,5. Lokhu kuyithani elilodwa nengxenye ngaphansi kwe-T-90AM / MS. Uma lesi sibalo silungile, i-weighting factor ethile ingu-17,9 kW/t (24,3 hp/t).
I-powerplant ye-T-90M itholakala ngokuqondile kuzixazululo ezenzelwe i-T-72, ngakho-ke ayishintshi ngokushesha. Namuhla lokhu kuyiphutha elikhulu. Ukulungisa kuthatha isikhathi eside uma injini noma ukudluliselwa kwehlulekile.
Isidingo sikagesi uma injini icishiwe sinikezwa ijeneretha yamandla ayisizayo. Njenge-T-90MS, ifakwe ku-fuselage engemuva, eshalofini lethrekhi engakwesokunxele. Cishe lena yichip ebhalwe ukuthi DGU7-P27,5WM1 enamandla angu-7 kW.
Ngenxa yesisindo esikhuphukile sethangi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-T-90A, ukumiswa kwe-T-90M cishe kwaqiniswa. Endabeni ye-T-90MS efana kakhulu, izinguquko bekuwukusebenzisa amasondo omgwaqo amasha anama-bearings nama-absorber hydraulic shock. Kwaphinde kwethulwa iphethini entsha yesibungu, ehlanganiswe nethangi le-Armata. Uma kunesidingo, izixhumanisi zingafakwa amakepisi enjoloba ukuze kuncishiswe umsindo nokudlidliza lapho ushayela ezindaweni eziqinile, kanye nokukhawulela umonakalo emgwaqeni.
Ukubuka ngemuva kwe-T-90M ngesikhathi sokuboniswa kukaMongameli waseRussia u-Vladimir Putin enkundleni yokuqeqeshwa yaseLuga.
Isifinyezo
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-T-90M kuyisigaba esilandelayo sohlelo lwesikhathi eside lokuvuselela amabutho aseRussia ahlomile. Ukubaluleka kwayo kufakazelwa imibiko esanda kushicilelwa yokwehliswa kwama-oda ezimoto zesizukulwane esisha i-T-14 Armata futhi ihlela ukugxila ekwenziweni kwesimanjemanje kwamathangi amadala asevele esohlwini olusukela eSoviet Union.
Akukacaci ukuthi inkontileka ne-UVZ iphathelene nokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-“nineties” esiseshini noma ukwakhiwa kwezintsha ngokuphelele. Inketho yokuqala iphakanyiswe imibiko yangaphambilini. Ngokuyisisekelo, kuhlanganisa ukufaka esikhundleni semibhoshongo ye-T-90 / T-90A ngemisha, futhi incazelo yalokhu iyangabaza. Nakuba ezinye izixazululo seziphelelwe yisikhathi, ukushintshwa kwama-turrets okuqala akudingekile ngesikhathi esifushane. Nokho, ngeke kukhishwe ngokuphelele. Ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwenani lamathangi e-T-80BV eminyakeni embalwa edlule kungaba yisibonelo. Ama-turrets e-T-80UD afakwe kuma-hulls ale mishini (okubhekwa njengokungathembisi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinjini zedizili ze-6TD ezingasenziwe eRussia). Amathangi anjalo esimanje asetshenziswa ngaphansi kwegama elithi T-80UE-1.
Phakathi neminyaka eminingana, i-Armed Forces of the Russian Federation ayizange ibe yesimanje kuphela, kodwa futhi yandiswa. Esimweni sokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zamabutho ahlomile kanye nokumenyezelwa kwemiyalo ekhawulelwe ye-Armata, ukukhiqizwa kwe-T-90M entsha ngokuphelele kubonakala sengathi kungenzeka kakhulu.
I-T-80BVM
Embukisweni ofanayo ne-T-90M, i-T-80BVM nayo yethulwa okokuqala ngqa. Lona umbono wakamuva wokwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwezinguqulo eziningi ze-serial "zeminyaka eyisishiyagalombili" ezisetshenziswa amabutho aseRussia ahlomile. Ukulungiswa kwangaphambilini kwe-T-80B / BV, i.e. Izimoto ze-T-80BA ne-T-80UE-1 zingene enkonzweni ngamanani alinganiselwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-T-80BVM complex kanye nezinkontileka esezisayiniwe kufakazela ukuthi i-Armed Forces of the Russian Federation ayihlosile ukushiya izimoto zalo mndeni. Ngokwezimemezelo, amathangi athuthukisiwe azoqala ukuya ku-4th Guards Kantemirovskaya Tank Division, esebenzisa "XNUMX", futhi eguquguqukayo ye-UD.
I-T-80BVM ngesikhathi somboniso ohambisana nokuzivocavoca kwe-Zapad-2017. Isikrini senjoloba esiqinisiwe simisiwe engxenyeni engaphambili ye-fuselage, efana nesixazululo esisetshenziswe ku-PT-91 yesiPolish.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhulu amaningana (mhlawumbe esigabeni sokuqala sohlelo lwe-300) T-80B / BV yamenyezelwa ekupheleni konyaka odlule. Izinhlinzeko eziyinhloko zale misebenzi ukuletha ezingeni
mu ifana ne-T-72B3. Ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokuvikela, izikhali main T-80BVM ifakwe Rielikt rocket isihlangu modules ezinguqulweni 2S23 futhi 2S24. Ithangi liphinde lathola izikrini zemigqa. Zitholakala ezinhlangothini nangemuva kwendawo yokushayela futhi ziphinde zivikele ingemuva le-turret.
Izikhali main ithangi - 125 mm 2A46M-1 isibhamu. Alukho ulwazi olutholiwe mayelana nezinhlelo zokuhlomisa i-T-80BVM ngezibhamu zesimanje ze-2A46M-4, okuyi-analogue ye-2A46M-5, eguqulelwe ukusebenza nohlelo lokulayisha "amashumi ayisishiyagalombili".
Imoto ingadubula imicibisholo ejikijelwa iRiefleks. Indlela yokulayisha iguqulelwe kwezinhlamvu zesimanje ze-sub-caliber ene-penetrator enwetshiwe.
Ama-T-80B/BV asekuqaleni ayehlome ngohlelo lokulawula umlilo lwe-1A33 kanye nesistimu yezikhali eqondiswayo ye-9K112 Kobra. Lezi zixazululo zazimelela isimo sobuciko be-70s futhi manje zibhekwa njengeziphelelwe yisikhathi ngokuphelele. Ubunzima obengeziwe kwaba ukugcinwa kwemishini engazange ikhiqizwe isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, kwanqunywa ukuthi i-T-80BVM izothola okuhlukile kwe-Kalina SKO. Njengaku-T-90M, umdubuli unokubonwa kwe-Sosna-U kanye ne-PDT eyisizayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngokungafani ne-T-90M, imizimba yelensi ayinazo izembozo ezikude.
I-T-80BVM turret enamakhanda e-Sosna-U ne-PDT abonakala ngokucacile. Enye yamakhasethi kaRielikt idonsela ukunaka. Lolu hlelo kufanele lube lula ukuhla nokwehla komshayeli.
Njenge-T-72B3, isikhundla somlawuli sasishiywe nge-turret ejikelezayo kanye nedivayisi elula ye-TNK-3M. Lokhu kunciphisa ikhono lomkhuzi wokubona indawo ezungezile,
Nokho, ishibhile impela kunokufaka i-panoramic viewfinder.
Esinye sezimo ezidingekayo zokwenziwa kwesimanje kwaba ukushintshwa kwezokuxhumana. Cishe, njengoba kwenzeka ku-T-72B3, "amashumi ayisishiyagalombili" athola iziteshi zomsakazo zesistimu ye-Akviduk.
Kubikwa ukuthi amathangi athuthukisiwe azothola izinjini ze-turboshaft ezinhlobonhlobo ze-GTD-1250TF, ezizothatha indawo ye-GTD-1000TF yangaphambili. Amandla anyukile esuka ku-809 kW/1100 hp afinyelela ku-920 kW/1250 hp Kuthiwa sekwethulwe indlela yokusebenza kwenjini, lapho isetshenziswa kuphela ukushayela i-generator kagesi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kukhawulwe ubuthakathaka obukhulu bedrayivu ye-turbine, okungukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokungenzi lutho.
Ngokusho kolwazi olusemthethweni, isisindo sokulwa se-T-80BVM sikhuphuke safinyelela kumathani angama-46, i.e. ifinyelele izinga le-T-80U / UD. Isici samandla seyunithi kuleli cala singama-20 kW/t (27,2 hp/t). Ngenxa ye-turbine drive, i-T-80BVM isagcina inzuzo ecacile mayelana nezici zokudonsa ngaphezu kwe-T-90 yesimanje.
