Syrenka, Polonaise, Fiat 126r, Warsaw. Lezi izimoto eziwuphawu lwe-Polish People's Republic.
Njengamanje, kuya ngokuya kuba nzima ukuhlangana ne-Kid edumile emigwaqweni. Okungavamile nakakhulu, singabona ukuthi iWarsaw yayigcwele kangakanani emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule. Lezi yizibonelo ezimbili nje zezimoto ezake zathatha amehlo abashayeli.
Ungabhala i-monograph ephelele mayelana nezimoto ezidumile zase-Polish People's Republic. Sikhethe amamodeli amahlanu ahlotshaniswa ngokucacile nalesi sikhathi.
Intengo 126r
Ngaleso sikhathi i-Fiat 126p yayingenye yezimoto ezaziwa kakhulu ePoland. Bathi - futhi lokhu akulona ihaba - ukuthi lo modeli, owenziwe kusukela ngo-1972 kuya ku-2000, ushayela izwe lethu. E-Poland, yadalwa kusukela ngoJuni 6, 1973 kuya kuSeptemba 22, 2000.
Phakathi kuka-1973 no-2000, amafekthri e-Bielsko-Biala naseTychy akhiqiza i-Fiat 3 engu-318.
IFiat 126p iyimoto edonsa ngamasondo angemuva enenjini engu-2cc 594-cylinder kanye nomphumela omkhulu ongu-23 hp. Umanduleli wayo kwakunguFiat 500, owalandela iFiat Cinquecento.
Ngawo-70, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto ePoland kwathola umfutho. Esikhathini esidlule, imoto yayicishe ifinyeleleke kalula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lesi simo sithuthukile ngenxa yamathuba aphansi ezomnotho ezakhamuzi, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yezenzo zamabomu zikahulumeni. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukugcizelela ukuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izithuthi zomphakathi zazithuthukiswe kahle kakhulu - isibonelo, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-70s no-80s, izindleko zohambo lwemoto emndenini wabathathu zaziphakeme kakhulu kunezindleko zokuthenga izitimela ezintathu. . amathikithi ohambo olufanayo.
Ngokwezibalo, ngo-1978 kwase kunezithuthuthu eziningi nama-mopeds emigwaqweni yasePoland kunezimoto. Isimo saqala ukushintsha ngemuva kokuba iPoland ithole ilayisense yokwenza iFiat 126. Intengo yayo emaphakathi yenza le moto yaduma ngokwedlulele ngesikhathi esifushane.
Ibize malini i-"Maluch"? Ekuqaleni kokukhiqizwa, i-Fiat 126p yayilingana namaholo endawo angama-30, okusho inani le-PLN 69. i-zloty. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Polska Kasa Oszczędności isiqalile ukuqoqa izinkokhelo zangaphambili zale modeli.
Yiqiniso, imoto yayitholakala endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi "imakethe yesandla sesibili", ngakho-ke kwakungenzeka ukuba umnikazi wemoto ngaphandle kokulinda emgqeni (okungase kuthathe iminyaka eminingana, futhi abantu abanonya bathi abanye balabo ababelindile abakaze bathole imoto). ). Nokho, bekufanele ucabangele intengo ephakeme kakhulu. Abathengisi ekuqaleni babefuna cishe u-110K "wemoto esitokweni ngaso leso sikhathi". i-zloty. Abazange bashodeke abafake izicelo, futhi kubongwa ukuthi abalandeli bale moto basenokuningi abangakhetha kukho.
I-FSO Polonaise
Izimoto eziyizigidi ezikhiqizwe, uthando lwasePoland-Italy kanye namathemba akudala okuthi imoto eyakhiwe ngokuphelele ePoland izonqoba umhlaba. UPolonaise - ngoba sikhuluma ngaye - washiya imboni yaseGeran ngoMeyi 3, 1978.
I-adventure yemoto yokuqala (cishe) yasePoland ngokuphelele iqala e-Italy. Lapho, abamele i-Car Factory bahamba bayofuna imoto ebiza izigidi ezizohambisana namaqiniso asePoland People's Republic. Ekwindla ka-1974, kwasayinwa inkontileka eTurin neFiat ukuze kusungulwe imoto, okwathi, njengeyokuqala, yayizokhiqizwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni ePoland - futhi kuphela ePoland. Abaqambi basePoland bathole ugqozi ezimotweni ezingamawele ezanqoba iYurophu ngeminyaka yawo-70s. Ngezinhlelo ezinesibindi, ipolonaise yesikhathi esizayo yayiwukunqoba ngisho nemakethe yaseMelika; ifane neVW Golf noma iRenault 5.
Yiqiniso, inkulumo-ze yasePoland People's Republic yayise "icilongo" impumelelo ye-Fiat 125p ("i-Fiat enkulu"), kodwa empeleni - naphezu kokuphumelela kokuthengisa - imoto eyaphuma emgqeni womhlangano ngo-1967 ephelelwe yisikhathi kancane. Ngakho-ke, kwakudingeka kuthathwe esinye isinyathelo.
"I-Warszawska Fabryka Samochodow Osobowych, esethole ukuthandwa okukhulayo ngenxa ye-Fiat 125p ekhiqiziwe, izonwetshwa maduze ukuze igcwalise ama-oda avela emhlabeni wonke," kubhala uStolitsa ngo-1975. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukukhiqizwa Fiat 125p kwafinyelela esicongweni. inani eliphakeme (ngo-1975 kanye nonyaka kamuva, kwakhiqizwa izimoto ezingaba ngu-115 11), kodwa kusukela ngonyaka olandelayo, ukukhiqizwa kwehla kancane kancane. Umbono wonjiniyela wawusuvele ujikiswe ngakolunye uhlangothi. Lapho "i-Fiat enkulu" ifinyelela ekuthengisweni kwayo okuphezulu kakhulu, ifektri yathenga amahektha ayi-XNUMX omhlaba omusha kubasebenzi bakwaloliwe. Ngezinjongo zepolonaise, kwakhiwa indawo entsha yokunyathelisa (enkulu kuneSigodlo Samasiko Nesayensi) kanye nesinye sezitolo zokushisela zesimanje eYurophu, esinemishini ethunyelwa emazweni aseNtshonalanga ngemali yangaphandle. Cishe wonke amahholo anwetshiwe.
IPolonaise isivele yazuza izinganekwane eziningi. Enye yazo iphathelene negama. Ngokusobala, wakhethwa ku-plebiscite kazwelonke "Rice of Warsaw". Iqiniso mayelana namandla ayimbangela yabantu lithe ukuhluka. Abasebenzi beTechnological Museum bathole ukuthi lo mqhudelwano ubungamanga. Igama lalicatshangwa eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili futhi latshalwa ngasese ehhovisi labahleli. Lapho, ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi, kwadalwa inkohliso yokuncintisana esobala.
Intengo 125r
Onjiniyela basePoland basebenze kanzima ezizukulwaneni ezintsha ze-Sirena 110 kanye ne-Warsaw 210, kodwa akekho owayenombono wokuthi esimweni sangempela somnotho wezenhlalakahle sizokwazi ukwakha umkhiqizo wesimanje ongaqhudelana nabaholi bomhlaba. Isinqumo sokugcina sathathwa ngo-1965 ngokusayina isivumelwano selayisense nabakwaFiat ukuze bakhiqize imoto eyayingakaze ibonakale.
Iminyaka emibili, ngosizo lwamaNtaliyane, kwenziwa amalungiselelo okwethulwa kokukhiqiza. Kwakukuningi okwakumelwe kwenziwe, ngoba nakuba imboni ye-FSO yasungulwa njenge-juggernaut ekwazi ukukhiqiza izingxenye eziningi esizeni, inani lezingxenye kwadingeka likhiqizwe abahlinzeki-mpahla abancane. Lokhu kwaba intuthuko enhle ebambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni, njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwe-Fiat 125p kwakudinga ubuchwepheshe esasingaziwa kuze kube manje.
Ngo-1966, i-appendix yanezelwa kwinkontileka, ebonisa ukuthi i-Polish Fiat 125p kufanele ibe yini. Uzakwabo wase-Italy wayezothola i-chassis kanye nomzimba ofanayo, izinjini kanye nokuhanjiswa okuvela ku-Fiat 1300/1500 ephumayo, kanye nezinto zayo zomkhiqizo kuphela ze-Żerań njengebhande langaphambili elinamalambu ayindilinga noma ingaphakathi elinesilayidi. i-speedometer kanye ne-upholstery yesikhumba. Kuleli fomu, ngoNovemba 28, 1968, iFiat 125p yokuqala yasePoland yaphuma emigqeni yomhlangano we-FSO.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inkulumo-ze yangaleso sikhathi yayincoma kangakanani impumelelo, yayingenazo izinkinga. Onyakeni wokuqala ogcwele wokukhiqiza, yimisebenzi eyizinkulungwane eziyisi-7,1 kuphela eyakhiwe. izingcezu, nokufinyelela umthamo ogcwele wokucubungula, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezingcezu ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-100, kuthathe iminyaka eyisithupha, i.e. iminyaka emibili ngemuva kokuphela kokukhiqizwa kwe-prototype yase-Italy.
Ekuqaleni, i-Big Fiat yayiyinto yokunethezeka. Intengo ye-Kowalski yayingafinyeleleki futhi yayisho inani lokusindisa impilo yakhe yonke. Lapho i-FSO ibamba kahle inqubo yokukhiqiza, umsebenzi waqala ekwenzeni lula ukuklama kwe-Fiat "enkulu" futhi iyincishe izinketho eziningi zemishini ezithakazelisayo, futhi i-chrome yashintshwa ngepulasitiki. Lezi zinqubo ezimbili bezisho ukuthi ngeminyaka yama-80s imoto ibingathengwa ngamaholo amathathu onyaka, ngokuhambisana nesilinganiso sikazwelonke. Kodwa wayeseyisithunzi sikamanduleli wakhe. Izinga eliphezulu lalikhononda ngalo, okungesinye sezizathu ezenza ukuthi kuhoxiswe amalungelo okusebenzisa uhlobo lweFiat ngo-3.
I-FSO Sirena
Imvelaphi yeSyrena ihlehlela emuva ku-1953. NgoJuni, kwasungulwa ithimba elizothuthukisa iziphakamiso zemoto "eyabantu". Ithimba belihlanganisa abaklami abanolwazi, okuhlanganisa: UCarola Pionier - chassis, Frederic Blumke - unjiniyela uStanislav Panchakiewicz - umakhi womzimba onolwazi lwangaphambi kwempi e-PZInż. kanye no-Jerzy Werner, umbhali obambisene wamaphrojekthi asePoland angaphambi kwempi asekelwe ku-Fiat enelayisensi, owayengumxhumanisi. Njengoba imboni yethu ye-metallurgical yayisencane futhi amashidi omzimba ayefana nomuthi, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi umzimba we-Sirena wesikhathi esizayo uzoba nesakhiwo sokhuni, njengezimoto eziningi zangaphambi kwempi: uhlaka olunezimbambo olumbozwe ngomzwelo futhi lumbozwe nge-dermatoid - indwangu efakwe i-cellulose acetate, ukulingisa kwakudala kwesikhumba sokwenziwa. Kuphela i-hood kanye nama-fenders okwakudingeka kwenziwe ngeshidi lensimbi. Mayelana nokushayela, u-Blumke uhlongoze injini enemivimbo emibili eyakhiwe yi-WSM Bielsko. Ukukhiqizwa kwaminyaka yonke kwama-siren kwakungafanele kudlule izingcezu ezingu-3000.
Unjiniyela uStanislav Lukashevich, inhloko ye-Body Bureau yoMnyango Wokuklama Omkhulu we-FSO, kusukela ekuqaleni wanikina ikhanda lakhe ngalobu “buchwepheshe bokweluka” - njengoba kwakubizwa kanjalo umqondo womzimba wokhuni. Nganquma ukuthi isihlahla siyinsalela, nale ubuchwepheshe 3 ayizinkulungwane. amacala ayengenziwa ngonyaka, kodwa lokhu kwakudinga isisekelo esikhulu sokubaza nokhuni oluningi olomisiwe. U-Lukashevich waphoqelela insimbi yensimbi esekelwe ezingxenyeni zomzimba waseWarsaw. Kwanqunywa ukwakha imizimba yomibili bese kunqunywa kuphela ukuthi iyiphi engcono.
Bheka futhi: izincwadi zokushayela. Ngingakwazi ukubukela ukurekhodwa kokuhlolwa?
U-Panchakiewicz wadweba umzimba ogobile ofanele inqubo yokhuni, esuka eWarsaw wayijwayela, phakathi kwezinye izinto. amafasitela nokukhanya. U-Lukashevich wadlulisela ama-fenders angaphambili nangemuva, iminyango kanye nophahla oluningi kusuka ku-Warsaw M20 kuya emzimbeni wakhe.
I-chassis, efanayo kuwo womabili ama-pre-prototypes, yaklanywa umklami omkhulu we-FSO ngaleso sikhathi u-Karol Pionier, naye esebenzisa i-Warsaw suspension namasondo, kanye nenjini enamasilinda amabili eyayiyisandiso senjini. pump drive, kwakuwumsebenzi kaFerdinand Blumke. U-gearbox wabolekwa kwi-GDR Ifa F9.
Igama elithi "Siren" liphakanyiswe u-Zdzisław Mroz, inhloko Yelabhorethri Yokucwaninga Yeqembu yeHhovisi Lomklami Omkhulu we-FSO.
Womabili ama-prototypes ayelungile ngoDisemba 1953.
Ikhomishana yomnyango yenqaba umqondo kaLukashevich, kodwa yanquma ukuthi uqinisile ukuthi imoto kufanele ibe nesakhiwo sensimbi, futhi ukulondoloza insimbi, uphahla kufanele lwenziwe ngokhuni. Ekwindla ka-1954, kwanqunywa ukwakha ama-prototypes amaningana e-Sirena ngokusho komqondo omusha, i.e. enomkhumbi wensimbi nophahla lwamapulangwe olumbozwe ngesikhumba. Yaqedwa ngo-March 1955. Enye yazo, ukuze kutholwe ukuthi abantu bacabangani ngeSiren, yaboniswa ngoJuni walo nyaka e-Poznań International Fair. Abantu bahlangana noMermaid ngomdlandla.
Ukuze uhlole lesi sakhiwo sisebenza, i-rally engamakhilomitha angu-54 ethi "Siren" yahlelwa ngo-August. Isigaba sokuqala ukusuka e-Warsaw, ukudlula e-Opole, eKrakow kuya e-Rzeszow, ubude obungu-6000 km kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqina emizileni yase-Rzeszow, kwakulula kumaMermaids. Kwabe sekugxumela e-Bielsko, lapho izinjini zahlolwa khona. ISirens yenze kangcono kunezinye izimoto ezine ezifanayo uma uziqhathanisa: iRenault 700CV, Panhard Dyna 4, DKW Sonderklasse 55 neGoliath 3E.
Izinsimbi zazilawulwa, ikakhulukazi, nguMarian Repeta, umshayeli wemoto yomjaho nabadali bemoto: u-Stanislav Panchakiewicz, u-Karol Pionnier noFerdinand Blumke. Ama-prototypes asebenze ngokungenasici kuwo wonke umzila. Kodwa kwelinye lamakhona, uPioner washayela ngesivinini esikhulu futhi wagingqika. Isakhiwo sophahla sokhuni sasiqinile, futhi isikhumba sesikhumba sasidabuke saba izicucu. Lokhu kwaqinisekisa uPiognier ukuthi iSiren kufanele ibe yinsimbi yonke.
Imoto yaqala ukukhiqizwa ngo-March 1957 ngezindlela zokukhiqiza, endaweni yamahhala eduze kwe-conveyor Warsaw. Amashidi omzimba ayethelwa ngesandla "emikhunjini" kasmende-simende, ayevame ukushiselwa ngethoshi le-oxy-acetylene, imithungo nemithungo yayipholishwa ngamafayela futhi ibushelelezi nge-tin, kwase kuba nge-epidate, into eyasungulwa osokhemisi basePoland.
Sekukonke, ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhiqiza - kusukela ngo-March kuya ku-December 1957 - FSO washiya 201 izimoto. NgoMashi - 5, Ephreli noMeyi 0, Juni 18, Julayi 16, Agasti 3, Septhemba 22, Okthoba 26, Novemba 45 noDisemba 66. Lena idatha esemthethweni. Zithathwe ezivumelwaneni zokukhiqiza ezigciniwe ezanyatheliswa ngo-1972 ngamaqiniso amasonto onke kaZheransky.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial, ku-tape yakudala enezinqola ezigxiliwe, kodwa ezinemizimba eshiselwe kulokho okubizwa. ukushiselwa kwama-conductor kwaqala ekwindla ka-1958. Ekuqaleni, abasebenzi besitolo somhlangano weSirena babehlanganisa ... abantu abangu-4. Noma kunjalo, ngo-1958, izimoto ezingu-660 zase zikhiqizwa, futhi ngemva konyaka kwafinyelelwa izinga lokukhiqiza elihleliwe - 3010 Model 100 Sirens kwesokunxele eZheran.
Ngo-1958, kwanqunywa ukuthi uma ufuna ukuqhubeka nokukhiqiza le moto, udinga ukuyishintsha ibe yesimanje. Kwakungekho mali yezinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho zaziswa kancane kancane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kuthuthukiswa okubalulekile okungu-5 ku-Siren eminyakeni eyi-15 nje. Imodeli 101 enamagiya okugijima athuthukisiwe yangena kulayini entwasahlobo ka-1960. I-Syrena 102, eyaqala ngo-1962, yathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza komzimba ngamashidi acindezelwe emishinini yokunyathelisa, okwaholela ekuhlanganisweni okusheshayo, futhi umklamo we-sill wahlelwa kabusha. Ngo-'62, izimoto ezingu-5185 ziphuma emgqeni womhlangano, futhi ngo-'63 - 5956 enguqulweni evamile, i-141 Syren 102 S enenjini ye-Wartburg nezimoto ezingu-2223 zemodeli elandelayo 103.
Imodeli 103 yayibukeka yesimanje ngempela. I-radiator grill yashintshwa, isivalo se-trunk safinyezwa, futhi ukukhanya kwangaphandle kwenziwa kwesimanjemanje. Ngemva konyaka, kwaqoshwa irekhodi: 9124 Sirena 103 kanye ne-391 Sirena 103 S ngedrayivu eshiwo yaseWartburg yenziwe.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, iModel 104 yayakhiwa emahhovisi e-DGK. Amayunithi okuqala ayi-6 avakashelwa ekupheleni kuka-1964. I-104 ibe nezinguquko eziningi ukuze ithuthukise ukuphepha nokunethezeka ngenkathi ihamba. Ekugcineni, ukumiswa kwangemuva kunama-absorbers amabili we-telescopic shock, esikhundleni se-lever eyodwa, ithangi likaphethiloli lasuswa ngaphansi kwe-hood laya ngemuva, okwenza kube lula ukufaka i-heater ephumelelayo nge-supercharger. Kwakukhona nezinto eziningi ezintsha zangaphakathi, ezinye izinto zokuhlobisa, ama-sun visor athambile, iziphanyeko zezingubo. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu kwaba iyunithi entsha amandla, ehlanganisa ezintathu-cylinder S 31 injini enamandla 40 hp. kanye no-gearbox ongu-4 wejubane. Ngo-1965, kwaqoqwa izimoto ezingu-20 ukuze kuhlolwe umgwaqo nokubekezelela, futhi ngo-July 1966, kwasungulwa iteyipu.
Zonke lezi zinguquko zivumele ukukhulisa kakhulu ukukhiqiza. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, izimoto ezingu-6722 1971 zaphuma embonini. Umhlangano wakhula ngokushesha, futhi ngo-25 wafinyelela i-apogee yawo - amayunithi angu-117. Kodwa konke lokhu akwanele. Kodwa-ke, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthuthukisa lokhu kukhiqizwa eZheran ngenxa yokuntuleka kwendawo, okwakudinga ama-workshops amasha e-PF 125r.
Ngo-1968, iPoland yasungula amasu ayimfihlo okwakha imboni entsha yokukhiqiza imoto edumile enevolumu ephezulu ezothatha indawo yeSirena. Kwanqunywa ukuthi, njenge-Italy, iJalimane, noma iFrance ngemva kwempi, iPoland empofu ingashayela kuphela ngezimoto ezincane, ezishibhile ngoba amandla omphakathi okuthenga ayephansi. Ekuqaleni kuka-1969, ithimba likahulumeni wasePoland liya e-GDR ukuyohlangana nongqongqoshe bemboni yokudilizwa kanye nezinhloko zamakomiti okuhlela e-CMEA ukuze kuxoxwe "ngemoto evamile engabizi ye-socialist". Uhlangothi lwasePoland luhlongoza ukucindezela wonke amashidi omzimba ajwayelekile nathi, ngoba sinemboni yesimanje yokunyathelisa ku-FSO. AmaCzech afuna injini yawo ibe njena, namaJalimane athi lokhu kukhethekile futhi injini kufanele kube yiJalimane, ngoba u-Otto noDiesel babengamaJalimane. Kukhona ukuphela. Icala lesitshalo esisha ePoland ngabe lihlulekile ukube bekungeyena u-Edward Gierek, unobhala wokuqala weKomiti Ephakathi ye-Polish United Workers' Party kusukela ngo-1970, okholelwa ukuthi isitshalo sesibili sezimoto kufanele sakhiwe eSilesia. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi isifunda sase-Bielsko siyindawo efanelekile yokutshala izimali ezinjalo. E-Bielsko-Biala kwakukhona I-Mechanical Equipment Plant, eyakhiqiza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, izinjini ze-Siren kanye ne-Machine Tool Plant, kwakukhona i-forge e-Ustron, i-foundry e-Skocov, I-Automotive Equipment Plant e-Sosnowiec, njll. Kusele kuphela ukukhetha imoto ezokhiqizwa esitshalweni esisha.
Lokhu kunikeza i-Little Mermaid impilo yesibili. Ngaphambi kokuthi iPoland ikhethe umnikazi welayisensi, iSilesia kumele ifunde ukukhiqiza izimoto. Kwanqunywa ukuthi uzofunda eSirena, ukukhiqizwa kwayo kuzothuthelwa eBielsko-Biala.
I-FSO ngo-1971 i-FSO ithuthukisa ngokushesha ukuguqulwa kwakamuva kwale moto e-Geran. Ithimba engijutshwe kulona, sidweba amaphepha emoto, ahlanganisa ukubeka izinsika zezicabha ensikeni yangaphambili, izingidi nezibambo ngemuva kwesicabha kanye nabashaya ingidi ensikeni ephakathi. Izibambo ze-PF 125r ziguqulelwe "kumnyango ohlanekezelwe". Ngo-June 1972, uchungechunge lolwazi lwenziwa, futhi ngoJulayi, ukukhiqizwa kuqala ngesikhathi esisodwa eWarsaw naseBielsko. Ekupheleni konyaka, kwase kwakhiwe ama-Syren 3571 angu-105 eGeran. Kusukela ngo-1973, akhiqizwa i-FSM kuphela. Ngaphandle kwalapho, ngaphezu kwe-sedan, iloli elithwala i-R-20, elihloselwe abalimi, liyakhiqizwa. Umklamo wayo wadalwa ku-FSO ngesisekelo imodeli 104, ifreyimu yasungulwa unjiniyela. UStanislav Lukashevich.
U-Bielsko uthembise ukuthi i-Sirena izongena emlandweni ngokushesha nje lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-PF 126p kwethulwa ngokugcwele, kodwa abazange bagcine izwi labo. Izinguquko emithethweni zibangele okunye ukuthuthukiswa. Ngo-1975, i-"105" ithola i-dual-circuit brake system futhi inguqulo ye-105 Lux ivela: nge-lever yegiya phansi kanye ne-handbrake lever phakathi kwezihlalo. Izihlalo zithole ukulungiswa kwe-engeli ye-backrest. Ideshibhodi inesikhala somsakazo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngawo lowo nyaka, kwaqalwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-Bosto Syrena yezimpahla zabagibeli. Le nqola nayo yakhiwa nguGéran futhi yayihloselwe ukusevisa kanye nobuciko obuhle. I-Bosto yayikwazi ukuthwala abantu abane kanye no-200 kg wemithwalo.
I-FSO Warsaw
Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, imboni yezimoto yasePoland yayizokwazi ukukhokhela i-Fiat. Kusukela ngo-1946, iHhovisi Eliyinhloko Lokuhlela lalungiselela uhlelo lokuvuselela imboni yezimoto yasePoland ngemva kwempi. Ngo-1947, izingxoxo zaqala ne-Fiat ukuqala ukukhiqizwa kwe-1100. Ngo-December 27 walo nyaka, isivumelwano saze sasayinwa lapho kwakudingeka sikhokhele i-Italy ngamalahle nokudla kwamalungelo okukhiqiza anelayisensi. Ngeshwa, i-Marshall Plan yaqala ukusebenza, futhi amalahle ashibhile avela e-United States, abanye bayaphikisana, empeleni aba nesandla ekuvuthweni kwezivumelwano zasePoland-Italy. UBig Brother wayesevele esemnyango.
Ukukhanya, umcabango wezobuchwepheshe waseSoviet kanye "noyise wazo zonke izizwe" uStalin wayenesipho sePoland esingenakunqatshwa - ilayisensi yemoto ye-GAZ-M20 Pobeda.
Sakhokhela imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe kokubili okusanhlamvu - ngaleso sikhathi i-PLN eyizigidi ezingu-130, kanye nezitembu namathuluzi - PLN 250 million. NgoJanuwari 25, 1950, kwasayinwa isivumelwano selayisense yemoto ye-GAZ-M20 Pobeda. Abantu baseSoviet basize ozakwabo basePoland ukwakha imboni futhi basungula ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwe-Warsaw M20s. Futhi i-Pobeda, eye yakhiqizwa e-USSR kusukela ngo-1946, ayiyona into engaphezu kokuthuthukiswa kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi. emki, i.e. ngaphambi kwempi ye-Gaz-M1. Lokhu imoto, futhi, ilayisensi Ford Model B, ekhiqizwa phesheya ngo-1935-1941.
I-Warsaw, njenge-GAZ-M20, ifakwe umzimba ozimele one-subframe yenjini. Imoto ibishayelwa iyunithi ye-valve engu-4 cm³ R2120, ekhiqize i-50 hp.
I-Warsaw yokugcina yaphuma emgqeni womhlangano ngo-March 30, 1973. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuvela kowalandela ngo-1967: iFiat 125p yasePoland.
Funda futhi: I-Skoda Kodiaq ngemuva kwezinguquko zezimonyo zango-2021
