I-Spark plug: hhayi nje inhlansi
Ingqikithi ye-spark plug enjinini yokuthungela inhlansi ibonakala isobala. Lona umshini olula lapho ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ama-electrode amabili phakathi kwenhlansi yokushisa igxuma. Bambalwa bethu abazi ukuthi ezinjinini zesimanje, i-spark plug ithole umsebenzi omusha.
Izinjini zesimanje zilawulwa cishe nge-elekthronikhi kuphela. Isilawuli, 
edume ngokuthi "ikhompyutha" iqoqa uchungechunge lwedatha mayelana nokusebenza kweyunithi (sikhuluma lapha, okokuqala, isivinini se-crankshaft, izinga "lokucindezela" ku-gas pedal, umfutho womoya womkhathi kanye Ukuthatha kaningi, izinga lokushisa elipholile, uphethiloli nomoya, kanye nokwakheka kwamagesi aphumayo ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlanza kwawo ngama-catalytic converters), bese, eqhathanisa lolu lwazi nalolo olugcinwe enkumbulweni yalo, lukhipha imiyalo. kumasistimu okulawula ukuthungela kanye nenqubo yokujova uphethiloli, kanye nendawo yokumisa umoya. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-flash point kanye nomthamo kaphethiloli womjikelezo ngamunye wokusebenza kufanele kube sezingeni eliphezulu ngokusebenza kahle, umnotho kanye nobungane bemvelo ngaso sonke isikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini.
FUNDA FUTHI
Ama-plugs akhanyayo
Umdlalo ulifanele ikhandlela
Phakathi kwedatha edingekayo ukuze ulawule ukusebenza kahle kwenjini, kukhona nolwazi mayelana nokuba khona (noma ukungabikho) kokuvutha kwe-detonation. Ingxube kaphethiloli womoya esivele isegunjini elivuthayo ngenhla kwepistoni kufanele ishe ngokushesha kodwa kancane kancane, ukusuka ku-spark plug kuya ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zegumbi elivuthayo. Uma ingxube ivutha ngokuphelele, okungukuthi "iqhuma", ukusebenza kahle kwenjini (okungukuthi, amandla okusebenzisa amandla aqukethwe kuphethiloli) kwehla kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthwalo ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zenjini uyakhula, okuyinto kungaholela ekuhlulekeni. Ngakho-ke, into eqhubekayo yokuqhunyiswa akufanele ivunyelwe, kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetha ukuthungela okusheshayo kanye nokwakheka kwengxube ye-fuel-air kufanele kube ngendlela yokuthi inqubo yokuvutha isondele kakhulu kulokhu kuqhunyiswa.
Ngakho-ke, iminyaka eminingana manje, izinjini zesimanje zifakwe okuthiwa. knock inzwa. Kunguqulo evamile, lena imakrofoni eyisipesheli, ethi, efakwe kubhulokhi yenjini, iphendule kuphela ekudlidlizeni okunefrikhwensi ehambisana nokuvutha okuvamile kokuqhunyiswa. Inzwa ithumela ulwazi mayelana nokungqongqoza okungenzeka kukhompuyutha yenjini, esabela ngokushintsha indawo yokuthungela ukuze kungenzeki ukungqongqoza.
Kodwa-ke, ukutholwa kokusha kwe-detonation kungenziwa ngenye indlela. Kakade ngo-1988, inkampani yaseSweden i-Saab yethula ukukhiqizwa kweyunithi yokuthungela engasabalalisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Saab Direct Ignition (SDI) ngemodeli engu-9000. Kulesi sixazululo, i-spark plug ngayinye inekhoyili yayo yokuthungela eyakhelwe ekhanda le-cylinder, kanye "nekhompyutha " Iphakela kuphela amasiginali okulawula. Ngakho-ke, kulolu hlelo, iphoyinti lokuthungela lingahluka (elilungile) ku-cylinder ngayinye.
Kodwa-ke, okubaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni olunjalo ukuthi i-spark plug ngayinye isetshenziselwa ini lapho ingakhiqizi inhlansi yokuthungela (ubude benhlansi ngamashumi ama-microseconds kuphela ngomjikelezo ngamunye wokusebenza, futhi, isibonelo, ku-6000 rpm, injini eyodwa. umjikelezo wokusebenza imizuzwana engamakhulu amabili). Kuvele ukuthi ama-electrode afanayo angasetshenziswa ukukala amandla e-ion agelezayo phakathi kwawo. Lapha, isenzakalo se-self-ionization yamafutha kanye nama-molecule omoya ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwecala ngaphezu kwe-piston kwasetshenziswa. Ama-ion ahlukene (ama-electron amahhala aneshaji elibi) kanye nezinhlayiya ezineshaja evumayo zivumela amandla amanje ukuthi ageleze phakathi kwama-electrode abekwe ekamelweni elivuthayo, futhi lokhu kwamanje kungalinganiswa.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinga le-ionization yegesi ekhonjisiwe ekamelweni 
ukusha kuncike kumapharamitha omlilo, i.e. ikakhulukazi kumfutho wamanje kanye nezinga lokushisa. Ngakho, inani lamanje le-ion liqukethe ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nenqubo yokuvutha.
Idatha eyisisekelo etholwe uhlelo lwe-Saab SDI inikeze ulwazi mayelana nokungqongqoza kanye nemililo engalungile okungenzeka, futhi yavumela isikhathi sokuthungela esidingekayo ukuba sinqunywe. Empeleni, isistimu inikeze idatha ethembeke kakhulu kunesistimu yokuthungela evamile enenzwa yokugoqa yendabuko, futhi yayishibhile.
Njengamanje, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-Distributionless system enamakhoyili angawodwana esilinda ngasinye isetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi izinkampani eziningi sezivele zisebenzisa isilinganiso samanje se-ion ukuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nenqubo yomlilo enjinini. Izinhlelo zokuthungela eziguqulelwe kulokhu zinikezwa abahlinzeki benjini ababaluleke kakhulu. Kuphinde kuvele ukuthi ukuhlola inqubo yokusha enjinini ngokulinganisa i-ion current kungaba indlela ebalulekile yokufunda ukusebenza kwenjini ngesikhathi sangempela. Ikuvumela ukuthi ubone ngokuqondile ukuvutha okungalungile kuphela, kodwa futhi unqume ubukhulu kanye nesimo (kubalwa ngamadigri okujikeleza kwe-crankshaft) yokucindezela okukhulu kwangempela ngaphezu kwepiston. Kuze kube manje, ukulinganisa okunjalo kwakungenakwenzeka ezinjini ze-serial. Ukusebenzisa isofthiwe efanele, ngenxa yale datha, kungenzeka ukulawula ngokunembile ukuthungela kanye nomjovo kuhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwemithwalo yenjini kanye namazinga okushisa, kanye nokulungisa imingcele yokusebenza yeyunithi ezindaweni ezithile zikaphethiloli.
