Incazelo nemisebenzi yohlelo lokuphepha olusebenzayo lwemoto

Ngeshwa, ngisho nomshayeli wemoto onembe kakhulu futhi onolwazi kakhulu akaqinisekisiwe ngengozi yokuthola ingozi. Ngokubona lokhu, abenzi bezimoto bazama ukwenza konke okusemandleni abo ukwenza ngcono ukuphepha komshayeli nabagibeli bakhe phakathi nohambo. Enye yezinyathelo ezibhekiswe ekwehliseni inani lezingozi ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwesimanje olusebenzayo lokuphepha kwezimoto, olwehlisa ubungozi bezingozi.

Kuyini ukuphepha okusebenzayo

Isikhathi eside, ukuphela kwendlela yokuvikela umshayeli nabagibeli emotweni kwakungamabhande kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ngokwethulwa okusebenzayo kwe-elekthronikhi nokuzenzakalela ekwakhiweni kwezimoto, isimo sesishintshe kakhulu. Manje izimoto zinemishini ehlukahlukene, engahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:

• esebenzayo (okuhloswe ngayo ukuqeda ubungozi besimo esiphuthumayo);
• ukwenziwa (obhekene nokunciphisa ubunzima bemiphumela yengozi).

Okucacile kwezinhlelo zokuphepha ezisebenzayo ukuthi bayakwazi ukwenza ngokuya ngesimo futhi bathathe izinqumo ngokuya ngokuhlaziywa kwesimo nezimo ezithile lapho imoto ihamba khona.

Ububanzi bemisebenzi yokuphepha esebenzayo buncike kumenzi, imishini kanye nezimpawu zobuchwepheshe bemoto.

Imisebenzi yezinhlelo ezibhekele ukuphepha okusebenzayo

Zonke izinhlelo ezifakwe enkingeni yamadivayisi okuphepha asebenzayo zenza imisebenzi eminingi ejwayelekile:

• ukunciphisa ubungozi bezingozi zomgwaqo;
• ukugcina ukulawula imoto ezimweni ezinzima noma eziphuthumayo;
• hlinzeka ngokuphepha ngenkathi ushayela bobabili umshayeli nabagibeli bakhe.

Ngokulawula ukuzinza kokuqondisa kwemoto, inqwaba yezinhlelo zokuphepha ezisebenzayo ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine ukuhamba ngokuhamba ngomkhondo odingekayo, ukuhlinzeka ngamandla emandleni angadala ukushibilika noma ukugingqika kwemoto.

Amadivayisi amakhulu wesistimu

Izimoto zesimanje zifakwe izindlela ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene nenkimbinkimbi yokuphepha esebenzayo. Lawa madivayisi angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana:

• amadivayisi asebenzisana nohlelo lokubhaka amabhuleki;
• izilawuli zokuqondisa;
• izindlela zokulawula izinjini;
• imishini kagesi.

Sekukonke kunemisebenzi nezindlela eziningana zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komshayeli nabagibeli bakhe. Izinhlelo ezinkulu nezifunwa kakhulu phakathi kwazo yilezi:

• ukuvimbela ukuvimbela;
• i-anti-slip;
• ukubopha amabhuleki okuphuthumayo;
• ukuzinza kwesilinganiso sokushintshisana;
• ilokhi lokwehlukanisa ngogesi;
• ukusatshalaliswa kwamabhuleki;
• ukutholwa kwabahamba ngezinyawo.

ABS

I-ABS iyingxenye yohlelo lwamabhuleki futhi manje selitholakala cishe kuzo zonke izimoto. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wedivayisi ukukhipha ukuvimba okuphelele kwamasondo ngesikhathi sokubopha amabhuleki. Ngenxa yalokho, imoto ngeke ilahlekelwe ukuzinza nokulawula.

Iyunithi yokulawula ye-ABS ibheka ijubane lokuzungezisa isondo ngalinye kusetshenziswa izinzwa. Uma enye yazo iqala ukwehla ngokushesha kunamanani ajwayelekile, uhlelo ludambisa ingcindezi kulayini wayo, futhi ukuvinjelwa kuvinjelwe.

Uhlelo lwe-ABS luhlala lusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo, ngaphandle kokungenelela komshayeli.

ASR

I-ASR (aka ASC, A-TRAC, TDS, DSA, ETC) inesibopho sokuqeda ukushibilika kwamasondo okushayela futhi igweme ukushibilika emotweni. Uma ufisa, umshayeli angayicisha. Ngokuya nge-ABS, i-ASR ngokungeziwe ilawula ukukhiya okwe-elekthronikhi kanye nemingcele ethile yenjini. Inezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza ngesivinini esiphakeme nesiphansi.

ESP

I-ESP (Vehicle Stability Programme) ibhekene nokuziphatha okungabikezelwa kwemoto nokugcina i-vector of movement uma kwenzeka izimo eziphuthumayo. Amagama angahluka ngokuya ngomkhiqizi:

• I-ESP;
• I-DSC;
• I-ESC;
• VSA, njll.

I-ESP ifaka phakathi iqoqo lezindlela ezikwazi ukuhlola ukusebenza kwemoto emgwaqeni futhi zisabele ekuphambukeni okuqhamukayo kwamapharamitha abekwe njengokujwayelekile. Uhlelo lungaguqula indlela yokusebenza ka-gearbox, injini, amabhuleki.

BAS

Uhlelo lwe-braking oluphuthumayo (olufushaniswe njenge-BAS, i-EBA, i-BA, i-AFU) lunesibopho sokusebenzisa amabhuleki uma kwenzeka kuba nesimo esiyingozi. Ingasebenza nge-ABS noma ngaphandle kwayo. Uma kwenzeka ukucindezela okubukhali kubhuleki, i-BAS isebenzisa i-actuator kagesi yenduku yesikhulisi. Ngokusicindezela, uhlelo luhlinzeka ngomzamo omkhulu kanye nokubopha amabhuleki okuphumelela kakhulu.

I-EBD

Ukusabalalisa amandla kwamabhuleki (i-EBD noma i-EBV) akuyona inqubo ehlukile, kodwa umsebenzi owengeziwe owandisa amandla e-ABS. I-EBD ivikela imoto ekuvikelekeni kwamasondo ku-ekseli langemuva.

I-EDS

Ukhiye wokwehlukaniswa ngogesi usekelwe ku-ABS. Uhlelo luvimbela ukushelela futhi lwenyuse amandla emoto anqamule izwe ngokunikezela kabusha i-torque kumasondo okushayela. Ngokuhlaziya ijubane labo lokujikeleza besebenzisa izinzwa, i-EDS isebenzisa imishini yokubopha uma elinye lamasondo lizungeza ngokushesha kunamanye.

PDS

Ngokuqapha indawo ephambi kwemoto, iPedestrian Collision Prevention System (PDS) ibhuleka imoto ngokuzenzakalela. Isimo somgwaqo sihlolwa kusetshenziswa amakhamera nama-radar. Ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle kakhulu, kusetshenziswa indlela ye-BAS. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlelo alukaziwa kahle yibo bonke abakhiqizi bezimoto.

Amadivayisi omsizi

Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi eyisisekelo yokuphepha okusebenzayo, izimoto zesimanje nazo zingaba namadivayisi asizayo (abasizi):

• uhlelo lokubonakala nxazonke (luvumela umshayeli ukulawula izindawo "ezifile");
• usizo lapho wehla noma ukhuphuka (ulawula isivinini esidingekayo ezingxenyeni ezinzima zomgwaqo);
• umbono wasebusuku (kusiza ukuthola abahamba ngezinyawo noma izithiyo endleleni ebusuku);
• ukulawula ukukhathala komshayeli (kunikeza isignali mayelana nesidingo sokuphumula, ukuthola izimpawu zokukhathala komshayeli);
• ukuqashelwa okuzenzakalelayo kwezimpawu zomgwaqo (uxwayisa umshayeli ngendawo yesenzo semikhawulo ethile);
• i-adaptive cruise control (ivumela imoto ukuthi igcine isivinini esinikeziwe ngaphandle kosizo lomshayeli);
• usizo lane loshintsho (lwazisa ngokwenzeka kwezithiyo noma izithiyo eziphazamisa ushintsho lomzila).

Izimoto zesimanje ziya ngokuya ziphepha kakhulu kubashayeli nakubagibeli. Abaqambi nonjiniyela baphakamisa intuthuko entsha, umsebenzi omkhulu wayo ukusiza umshayeli esimweni esiphuthumayo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuphepha emgwaqeni, okokuqala, akuxhomekile kumishini ezenzekelayo, kodwa ekulaleleni nokunemba komshayeli. Ukusebenzisa ibhande lokuvimbela nokuhambisana nemithetho yomgwaqo kuqhubeke kube ngukhiye kwezokuphepha.