Umshuwalense wemoto enamasondo amabili: isinxephezelo sokulimala komuntu

Njenganoma iyiphi enye imoto engashayelwa emigwaqweni yomphakathi, isithuthuthu kufanele sifakwe kumshuwalense. Noma yimuphi umshayeli webhayisikili omuhle uyazi ukuthi ubuncane obungenalutho ngokomshwalense wesithuthuthu bungu isiqinisekiso sesibopho somphakathi onhloso yabo kuwukunxephezela ukulimala komuntu siqu (kanye nokulimala kwempahla) okutholwe abantu besithathu uma kuba nengozi noma inhlekelele yemvelo. Ukwengeza, ukuze uqonde ukuthi isinxephezelo sisebenza kanjani ngempela, sikukhuthaza ukuthi ufunde lo mhlahlandlela ngokucophelela.

Kuyini ukulimala komuntu siqu? Kunxeshezelwa kanjani ukulimala komuntu engozini yesithuthuthu? Indlela yokuthola isinxephezelo? Yini okufanele uyenze ngemva kokuthola ukunikezwa kwesinxephezelo? 

Thola konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nesinxephezelo sokulimala komuntu siqu ngomshwalense wamasondo amabili.

Ububanzi besiqinisekiso sesikweletu somphakathi

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhumbula lowo mshwalense noma Isiqinisekiso sesikweletu asibandakanyi ukulimala komzimba (noma ukulinyazwa kwempahla) umshayeli.isithuthuthu ngesikhathi sengozi, kodwa kuphela ngenxa yephutha lesithathu. Ngakho-ke, laba bantu abalandelayo bathathwa njengabantu besithathu: abahamba ngezinyawo, abagibeli bezithuthuthu, kanye nanoma ibaphi abanye abantu abahamba emigwaqweni yomphakathi.

Ukuze umshayeli wendiza akhokhelwe, kufanele aqale abhalise umshwalense omsizayo (kanye nemoto yakhe). Kodwa-ke, kunoma yikuphi, inani lesinxephezelo lizoxhomeka emthwalweni weqembu ngalinye kulesi simo. Ngamanye amazwi, inani lomonakalo okhishiwe lizohluka kuye ngokuthi umshayeli noma inkampani yangaphandle uyaziwa noma cha, futhi okungukuthi, ngokuphelele noma ingxenye, ngengozi evele. Ezimweni eziningi, umthwalo wemfanelo uhlala ulele kumshayeli wesithuthuthu, ngaphandle uma izisulu zifuna ukuzibulala noma zenze iphutha elingenakuthethelelwa.

Ukulimala Komuntu Siqu Kuyafaneleka Ukunxeshezelwa

Okubalulekile ukulimala komzimba kusho ukuhlaselwa kobuqotho bomzimba noma bengqondo bomuntu. Kuyacaca ukuthi akuzona zonke izingozi zomzimba ezizokhokhelwa umshwalense. Uzokwenza uphenyo oluningi ngaphambi kokuthatha lesi sinqumo. Ngokwesibonelo, uzocela imibhalo noma izithombe njengobufakazi. Uma kunesidingo, angabuye axoxisane nesisulu noma izihlobo zakhe.

Ngamafuphi, uzozama ukuthatha zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi isisulu(izisulu) zenza ngokwethembeka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isinxephezelo sihlala sikhokhelwa ukubuyisela izindleko ezitholwe yilaba bakamuva, hhayi okuphambene nalokho. IN ukulimala komzimba okunganxeshezelwa yilezi:

• Ukulimala okunzima okubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu;
• Ukulimala okubangela ukulimala ngokomzimba (ubuso, isikhumba, njll.);
• Ukulimala kwezitho zangasese;
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo nomzimba okwesikhashana noma unomphela kanye nokungakwazi ukusebenza noma ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini ethile efana nezemidlalo, ijimu, ukuhamba, njll.

Zonke izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo (izimali zikadokotela, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, njll.), izindleko ezingaphezulu (uhambo, indawo yokuhlala, indawo yokuhlala, njll.), izindleko zamathuba kanye nezinzuzo ezilahlekile ezihlobene nalezi zimo zingaxazululeka. Mayelana nokufa, isinxephezelo njengesinxephezelo sezomnotho (izindleko zomngcwabo) noma zokonakala kokuziphatha Ungahlala unethemba, kodwa indlela ephephile wukuya enkantolo ucele abenzi bobubi ukuthi banxephezele ngomonakalo.

* Imibhalo eyinkomba ingatholakala kuKhodi Yomshwalense, Izihloko L211-8 kuya ku-L211-25 / Izihloko R211-29 kuya ku-R211-44 kanye Nomthetho No. 85-677 kaJulayi 1985.

Inqubo yokufaka isicelo sokunxeshezelwa ngokulimala komuntu siqu

Inqubo okumele ilandelwe thola isinxephezelo kumshwalense Ukulungisa ukulimala kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili:

• La isitatimende sokuqala: umshwalense kufanele aziswe ngesigameko zingakapheli izinsuku ezinhlanu senzeka. Lokhu kungenziwa ngocingo uma kunesidingo, kodwa iphakheji yokuqinisekisa kufanele ihlinzekwe ngemva kwesikhashana. Lesi sakamuva kufanele sifake idokhumenti ephathelene nombiko wengozi, igama lomuntu ofakwe umshwalense kanye nenombolo yenkontileka yakhe yomshwalense, usuku, indawo nezimo zengozi, igama nemininingwane yokuxhumana yofakazi.
• La isicelo somshwalense: Ngemva kokuthola isimemezelo esivela kumshwalense, umshwalense unelungelo lokucela kuye imibhalo eyengeziwe eqinisekisa wonke umonakalo owenziwe kuye. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, phakathi kokunye, umbiko ovela emaphoyiseni noma ku-gendarmerie, uhlu lwemibuzo enemininingwane mayelana nengozi lowo omshwalensi okufanele abuyele kuye, ulwazi mayelana nemisebenzi yobungcweti yomuntu ofakwe umshwalense, imininingwane yokuxhumana yabantu noma izinhlangano okufanele zibambe iqhaza isinxephezelo (umqashi, inkundla yezokuxhumana). izinhlangano, omunye umshwalense, uma sikhuluma ngesikweletu somunye wezinkampani zangaphandle ezinentshisekelo, njll.), isitifiketi sezokwelapha noma sasesibhedlela, isitifiketi sokukhubazeka, ukungakwazi ngokomzimba noma ukuziphatha, njll. Uma ungabaza, umshwalense angase acele ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kungase kube ukubukezwa kwezincwadi zezokwelapha ezinikeziwe noma umbono wesibili wezokwelapha ovela kudokotela amkhethile. Kunoma isiphi isimo, zonke lezi zincwadi kufanele zilethwe kuye engakapheli amasonto ayisithupha ecelile.

Isinxephezelo ngokwaso

Ngokuvamile, umshwalense kufanele athumele umshwalense ukunikezwa kwesinxephezelo phakathi nezinyanga ezi-3 kusukela ngosuku lokufaka isicelo sokuqala ukuthi lo wenzani kuye. Uma umonakalo ungalinganiswanga ngendlela efanele noma uma isikweletu senkampani ngayinye singachazwanga ngokucacile, lesi sikhathi singaba izinyanga eziyisi-8 noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ifayela lomshwalense liphelele futhi lisezingeni elifanele, kodwa umshwalense usashiywe yisikhathi, isinxephezelo esikhokhiwe siyakhuphuka.

Inani lesinxephezelo esinikezwayo noma ukunikezwa kwesinxephezelo kuyehluka kuye ngesibopho somuntu ohlukunyeziwe. ngakho-ke sikhuluma ngabafakwe umshwalense kanye negalelo labanye abantu noma izinhlangano okufanele zibambe iqhaza esinxephezelweni. Uma isisulu sisaphila, isicelo sibhekiswe kuye. Uma kungenjalo, abahlomuli bakhe abasemthethweni yilaba: izindlalifa zakhe, umlingani wakhe noma ummeleli wakhe osemthethweni uma esemncane noma engumuntu omdala ovikelekile.

Ukunikezwa kwesinxephezelo kuwujuqu ngaphandle uma isimo sezempilo sohlukunyezwa sishintshile. Uma kungenjalo kungokwesikhashana. Esinye isiphakamiso kufanele senziwe ngumshwalense kungakapheli izinyanga ezinhlanu ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuhlangana. Umshwalense ube nesikhathi esanele sokubheka ukuthi uyafuna yini ukukwamukela.

• Uma evuma, kufanele azise umshwalense ngokuthola inkokhelo zingakapheli izinsuku ezingamashumi amane nanhlanu. Uma kwenzeka ukubambezeleka, isinxephezelo siyenyuka. Ngemva kokwamukela isipho, lowo onomshwalense angakwenqaba ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa kufanele azise umshwalense wakhe ngaphambi kwezinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu ngemva kokwamukelwa. Uma isimo sesisulu siba sibi ngemva kokuthola isinxephezelo, unesikhathi seminyaka eyishumi sokufaka isicelo esisha kumshwalense.
• Uma enqaba noma, uma efisa ukuxoxa ngakho ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, angacela umshwalense wakhe ukuba amnikeze isithembiso esingcono noma ayise lolu daba enkantolo. Uma ekhetha inketho yesibili, uzokwazi ukuthola inkokhelo ephelele kuphela ekupheleni kwecala, nakuba lokhu kufanele kumvune.