Izindleko zemoto kagesi
Okuqukethwe
Ibiza malini imoto kagesi? Zikuphi izimoto zikagesi ezishibhile? Kunini lapho izimoto zikagesi zibiza kakhulu? Kulesi sihloko: Konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezindleko zemoto kagesi.
Izindleko
Ake siqale ngezindaba ezimbi: izimoto zikagesi ziyabiza. Manje kunamamodeli ahlukahlukene ezingxenyeni eziphansi emakethe, kodwa asabiza. Intengo enjalo ephezulu yokuthenga ibangelwa ikakhulukazi ibhethri, eliqukethe izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibizayo.
Ngenani lokuthenga elilinganiselwa ku-24.000 € 17.000 ngemodeli ejwayelekile, iVolkswagen e-Up ingenye yezimoto zikagesi ezishibhe kakhulu emakethe. Kodwa-ke, uma uqhathanisa nezimoto zikaphethroli, usabiza. Ungadayela okujwayelekile cishe ku-€ XNUMX XNUMX. Ngisho nenguqulo ephezulu ye-Up GTI ishibhile kune-e-Up.
Nokho, izimoto zikagesi azifinyeleleki. Kukhona futhi izinketho ezahlukene kulabo abathola imoto ye-A-segment inyinyane kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-Opel ne-Peugeot zombili zinezinhlobo zikagesi ze-Corsa nezingu-208. Lezi zimoto zibiza cishe ama-euro angu-30.000. Ngale mali, nawe une-MG ZS. I-compact SUV enobubanzi obufushane kunama-hatchback ashiwo ngenhla, kodwa ivuleke kakhulu.
Izimoto ezintsha ze-B-segment zinebanga elingaphezu kuka-300 km (WLTP). Enye yezimoto ezishibhe kakhulu ezinobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-480 km iHyundai Kona Electric, enenani eliqalayo elilinganiselwa ku-41.600 euros. Njengamanje uTesla unezimoto ezinobubanzi obude kakhulu. Imodeli engu-3 Long Range inobubanzi obungu-580 km futhi ibiza ngaphansi kuka-60.000 660 euros. Eqinisweni, i-Model S Long Range inobubanzi obungaphezu kwamamayela ayi-90.000. Intengo icishe ibe ngama-euro ayi-XNUMX XNUMX.
izibonelo
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa izibonelo zohlu lwezimoto zikagesi kanye nezinto ezilingana nophethiloli. Izimoto zikagesi ziyabiza ngokusobala kuzo zonke izimo
| IVolkwagen Up 1.0 | IVolkswagen e-Up |
| € 16.640 | cishe € 24.000 |
| I-Opel Corsa 1.2 130 hp | I-Opel Corsa-e 7,4 кВт |
| € 26.749 | € 30.599 |
| Hyundai Kona | IHyundai Kona Electric 39 kWh |
| € 25.835 | € 36.795 |
| BMW 330i xDrive | I-Tesla Model 3 enamasondo onke |
| € 55.814 | € 56.980 |
Ukuze kuqhathaniswe, inguqulo eseduze ngokwezici ikhethiwe. Uma uqhathanisa inguqulo kagesi nenguqulo yezinga lokungena, umehluko uba mkhulu nakakhulu. Nokho, lokho bekungeke kube ukuqhathanisa okulungile ngokuphelele.
ukuqashwa kwebhethri
I-Renault ithatha indlela ehluke kancane kunabanye abenzi be-EV. Ibhethri lingaqashwa ngokuhlukana nezimoto zabo ezisebenza ngogesi. Kwa-ZOE, ibhethri lingaqashwa ukusuka kuma-euro angama-74 kuye kwangama-124 ngenyanga. Inani lincike enanini lamakhilomitha.
Ngakho-ke, ibhethri alifakiwe enanini lokuthenga. Ukuthi izobiza eshibhile kuya ngokuthi unemoto isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi usuhambe amakhilomitha amangaki. I-Business Insider ibale ukuthi ukuqasha ibhethri kuyabiza kakhulu uma isetshenziswa kakhulu ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu futhi isetshenziswa kancane ngemva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili (13.000 km / ngonyaka). I-Renault ZOE nayo ingathengwa ngebhethri.
Ukuqasha
Emqashweni webhizinisi, imoto kagesi empeleni ishibhile ngenxa yenqubomgomo yezindleko ezengeziwe. Lena indaba ehlukile esihlokweni sokuqashiswa kwemoto kagesi.
izindleko zikagesi
Manje ngezindaba ezinhle. Mayelana nezindleko eziguquguqukayo, i-EV inenzuzo. Ukuthi ishibhile kangakanani kuya ngokuthi uyikhokhisa kuphi imali. Ekhaya, uvele ukhokhe inani elijwayelekile likagesi. Lokhu kuvamise ukuba ngu-€ 0,22 kWh ngayinye. Ngakho lena inketho eshibhe kakhulu. Amanani angase ahluke ezindaweni zokushaja zomphakathi, kodwa ngokuvamile ukhokha cishe u-€ 0,36 nge-kWh ngayinye.
ukushaja okusheshayo
Ukushaja okusheshayo kwenza kubize kakhulu. Amanani asukela ku-€ 0,59 kWh ngayinye Ekuqinisweni kuya ku-€ 0,79 nge-kWh ngayinye e-Ionity. Abashayeli be-Tesla bangashaja ngokushesha ngenani elishibhile kakhulu: nge-Tesla Supercharger, intela ingu-€ 0,22 kuphela nge-kWh ngayinye. Ngokokuqala ngqa, abanikazi be-Model S noma i-Model X bangathola nokushaja okusheshayo mahhala.
ukusetshenziswa
Imoto kagesi, ngokwencazelo, isebenza kahle kakhulu kunemoto enenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Ngokusobala, ezinye izimoto zikagesi zonga kakhulu kunezinye. IVolkswagen e-Up idla amandla angu-12,5 kWh ngebanga lika-100 km kanye ne-Audi e-Tron engu-22,4 kWh. Ngokwesilinganiso, imoto kagesi idla cishe u-15,5 kWh ngamakhilomitha angu-100.
Izindleko zikagesi vs. izindleko zikaphethiloli
Ngokushaja kwasekhaya kuphela ngenani elingu-€ 0,22 kWh ngayinye, lokhu kusetshenziswa cishe ku-€ 0,03 ngekhilomitha. Ngemoto kaphethiloli esebenzisa i-1 ku-15, ukhokha u-€ 0,11 ngekhilomitha ku-€ 1,65 ilitha. Ngakho kwenza umehluko omkhulu.
Ukuhlala ukushaja esiteshini sakho sokushaja kungcono kakhulu, kodwa akusona isimo esingokoqobo. Ukushaja kuphela eziteshini zokushaja zomphakathi kuzokubiza ama-euro angu-0,06 ngekhilomitha. Futhi ishibhile kakhulu kunemoto ejwayelekile kaphethiloli. Izindleko zekhilomitha ziqhathaniswa kuphela nenani lemoto yegesi eduze kwemoto kagesi uma cishe njalo ukhokhisa ngokushesha. Empeleni, izoba ngaphezulu kwenhlanganisela yokushaja ekhaya, ukushaja esiteshini sokushaja somphakathi, nokushaja ngokushesha.
I-athikili yezindleko zokushayela imoto kagesi ichaza izindleko zokushaja nezindleko zikagesi ngekhilomitha.
insiza
Mayelana nesondlo, imoto kagesi nayo ayimbi. Isitimela esisebenza ngogesi asiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi sijwayele ukuguga futhi sidabuke kunenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi nazo zonke izingxenye zayo. Ngakho-ke akumele ukhathazeke ngezinto ezifana namabhande esikhathi, izihlungi zikawoyela, ama-clutch disc, ama-spark plug, amasistimu okukhipha umoya, njll. Ngale ndlela, i-EV inezindleko zokuyilungisa ezingaphansi kakhulu.
imivimbo
Ububi ukuthi amathayi emoto kagesi ajwayele ukuhlala kancane. Ngenxa ye-torque ephezulu kanye namandla ezimotweni zikagesi ezivame ukuba nawo, amathayi asinda kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto zikagesi zisinda kakhulu. Umehluko wukuthi abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa amathayi e-Eco aqinile. Yiqiniso, ukwenza kube lula ukusebenza ngokusheshisa kuyasiza.
Amabhuleki
Amabhuleki emoto kagesi awasindi kakhulu, naphezu kwesisindo esinzima. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emotweni kagesi kuvame ukukwazi ukwehlisa ijubane ku-motor kagesi. Lapho i-accelerator pedal ikhishwa, imoto ibhuleka ngoba injini kagesi isebenza njenge-dynamo. Lokhu kwenza ukudluliswa kukagesi kusebenze kahle. Enye inzuzo ukonga kumabhuleki.
Kodwa-ke, amabhuleki asazoguga. Basagqwalile. Amabhuleki ezimotweni zikagesi nawo adinga ukushintshwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa isizathu esiyinhloko ukugqwala.
Uketshezi
Ekunakekeleni, kubalulekile futhi ukuthi kukhona uketshezi oluncane kakhulu emotweni kagesi okudingeka ishintshwe. Izimoto eziningi ezisebenza ngogesi zinezipholile kuphela, uketshezi lwamabhuleki, noketshezi lwewasha lomoya.
I-Accu
Ibhethri liyingxenye ebalulekile futhi ebizayo yemoto kagesi. Ngakho-ke, ukushintshwa kwebhethri kuyabiza. Akukhona kakhulu ukuthi amabhethri azohluleka ngesikhathi esithile, kodwa kunalokho amandla azokwehla. Nokho, kubonakala kunjalo namuhla. Ngemuva kuka-250.000 km, amabhethri anesilinganiso esingu-92% womthamo wawo wangempela.
Uma amandla ebhethri ehlile ngempela, ingashintshwa ngaphansi kwewaranti. Ibhethri iphuma ne-warranty yeminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kanye nebanga elingu-160.000 70km. Abanye abakhiqizi banikeza iziqinisekiso ezinwetshiwe nakakhulu. Ngokuvamile ufaneleka ukuthola isiqinisekiso uma umthamo wehlele ngaphansi kuka-160.000%. Kodwa-ke, ungathembela kumthamo webhethri osezingeni elifanele ngisho nangemva kuka-XNUMX km. Ibhethri alidlali indima ezindlekweni zokunakekela imoto kagesi, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala.
intela yomgwaqo
Singakhuluma kafushane ngentela yemoto yesiqubulo noma intela yomgwaqo: okwamanje ingama-euro ayiziro ezimotweni zikagesi. Lokhu, nakho, konga ezindlekweni ezingaguquki zemoto kagesi. Lokhu kusebenza kunoma yikuphi kuze kube ngu-2024. Ngokuhlela kwamanje, njengomshayeli wemoto kagesi, ukhokha ingxenye yesine yentela yomgwaqo ngo-2025 kanye nenani eliphelele kusukela ngo-2026. Okuningi kulokhu esihlokweni sezimoto zikagesi kanye nentela yomgwaqo.
Amamitha
Indaba mayelana nezindleko zemoto kagesi kufanele ihlanganise nokwehla kwenani. Eminyakeni embalwa, sizothola ukuthi inani langempela eliyinsalela yezimoto zamanje ezisebenza ngogesi lizoba yini. Nokho, okulindelekile kukuhle. Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni, i-ING ibikezela ukuthi i-C-segment EVs isazoba nevelu entsha engu-40% kuya ku-47,5% eminyakeni emihlanu. Lokhu kuphakeme kunezezimoto zikaphethiloli (35-42%) futhi kuphakeme kakhulu kunezezimoto zikadizili (27,5-35%) ezivela esigabeni esifanayo.
Lokhu kulindelekile kwenani eliyinsalela ngokwengxenye kungenxa yobubanzi obunyukile. Kuliqiniso ukuthi kuzobe kunezimoto ezizoba mkhulu kakhulu eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi ngeke sisadingeka izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi. Ngokusho kwe-ING, ngo-2025, ingxenye yesine yemakethe izocubungula izimoto zikagesi ezisetshenzisiwe.
Umshuwalense
Umshwalense wemoto kagesi uvamise ukuba phezulu kunomshwalense wemoto ojwayelekile. Ukuthi lo mehluko ungaba mkhulu kangakanani ungahluka kakhulu. Ngomshuwalense wezingozi zonke, umshwalense wemoto kagesi ngezinye izikhathi ungabiza cishe kabili. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yenani eliphezulu lokuthenga. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo, ukulungisa nakho kuyabiza, ngakho-ke lokho kudlala indima. Uma uqasha ibhethri elihlukile, udinga ukuthatha umshwalense ohlukene. KwaRenault, lokhu kungenzeka kusuka ku-9,35 euros ngenyanga.
Izibonelo zokubala
Ezigabeni ezingenhla, sikhulume ngamagama ajwayelekile. Umbuzo omkhulu ngothi imoto esebenza ngogesi ibiza malini futhi ibiza malini uma iqhathaniswa nezimoto ezijwayelekile. Yingakho sibala izindleko eziphelele noma izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi bezimoto ezithile ezintathu. Sabe sesipaka imoto kaphethiloli efanayo eduze kwayo.
Isibonelo 1: I-Volkswagen e-Up vs. IVolkswagen Up
Intengo yokuthenga iVolkswagen e-Up ilinganiselwa ku-EUR 24.000. Lokhu kuyenza ibe ngeyodwa yezimoto zikagesi ezishibhe kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, intengo yokuthenga iphakeme kakhulu kune-Up 1.0. Kubiza ama-euro angama-16.640 83. Lokhu akukona ukuqhathanisa okulungile, ngoba i-e-Up ine-hp eyi-60. esikhundleni se-hp engu-XNUMX nokunye ongakhetha kukho. Nokho, lokhu akulishintshi iqiniso lokuthi i-e-Up isabiza.
I-E-Up idla u-12,7 kWh ngebanga lika-100 km. Ukuthi kubiza malini kuncike endleleni yokushaja. Kulesi sibonelo sokubala, sithatha inhlanganisela yokungu-75% ukushaja ekhaya ngo-€ 0,22 kWh ngayinye, u-15% ukushaja esiteshini sokushaja somphakathi ngo-€ 0,36 kWh kanye no-10% ukushaja eshaja esheshayo engu-€ 0,59 kWh ngayinye.
Ngokukhuphuka okujwayelekile okungu-1.0, izindleko zokunakekela zizoba cishe ku-530 € ngonyaka. Nge-e-Up, ungathembela ezindlekweni zokulungisa eziphansi: cishe ama-euro angama-400 ngonyaka. Izindleko zentela yomgwaqo ziphezulu noma kunjalo. Nge-e-Up, awuyikhokhi intela yomgwaqo, kodwa nge-Up, engama-euro angu-1.0 ngonyaka (esifundazweni esimaphakathi).
Izindleko zomshuwalense yizinga elivamile elikhuphukayo. Wonke umshwalense wobungozi we-e-Up ubiza kakhulu. U-Allianz Direct ungomunye wabahlinzeki abashibhe kakhulu futhi usakhokha ama-euro angu-660 ngonyaka (kusekelwe ku-10.000 km ngonyaka, iminyaka yobudala engu-35 kanye neminyaka engu-5 ngaphandle kwezimangalo). Ukuze uthole i-Up evamile, ukhokha u-€ 365 ngonyaka ngomshwalense ofanayo.
Uma sehla, sicabanga ukuthi inani eliyinsalela Ku-1.0 lisazoba ngu-€ 5 eminyakeni engu-8.000. Ngokwalokho okulindelwe manje, i-e-Up izogcina inani layo lingcono kancane, ngenani eliyinsalela lika-€ 13.000 eminyakeni emihlanu.
Izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi
Uma sibeka yonke idatha engenhla esibalweni, lokhu kunikeza amanani alandelayo:
| I-VW e-Up | I-VW Up 1.0 | |
| Izindleko | € 24.000 | €16.640 |
| izindleko zikagesi / ithambo likaphethiloli (100 km) | €3,53 | €7,26 |
| izindleko zikagesi / izindleko zikaphethiloli (ngonyaka) | €353 | €726 |
| Isondlo (ngonyaka) | €400 | €530 |
| Mrb (ngonyaka) | €0 | €324 |
| Umshwalense (ngonyaka) | €660 | €365 |
| Ukwehla kwenani (ngonyaka) | €2.168 | €1.554 |
| I-TCO (ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5) | €17.905 | €17.495 |
Uma ushayela u-10.000 17.905 km ngonyaka futhi unemoto iminyaka emihlanu, uzokhokha isamba esingu-17.495 € nge-e-Up. I-petrol Up eshibhe kakhulu ibiza ama-euro angu-XNUMX XNUMX ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lapho umehluko wentengo yokuthenga ube mkhulu, umehluko ezindlekweni eziphelele usemncane kakhulu. I-E-Up isabiza kancane, kodwa inamandla engeziwe nezici ezengeziwe.
Yiqiniso, ziningi izingibe ezingase zihluke esimweni sakho somuntu siqu. Uma, ngokwesibonelo, ushayela amakhilomitha angaphezulu kancane ngonyaka futhi ukhokhisa izindlu zakho kancane, ibhalansi izobe isivele ivuna i-e-Up.
Isibonelo sesi-2: I-Peugeot e-208 vs. IPeugeot 208 1.2
e-208 208
Masiphinde sisebenzise izibalo ezifanayo emotweni ye-B-segment. Kule ngxenye, isibonelo, kukhona iPeugeot e-208. Ifana ne-208 1.2 Puretech 130. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, ine-130 HP, kuyilapho i-e-208 ine-136 HP. I-208 kagesi ibiza ama-euro angama-31.950, kanti inguqulo kaphethiloli ibiza ama-euro angama-29.580.
Yiqiniso, amaphuzu ambalwa okuqala kufanele akhethwe ukuze kubalwe izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi. Kulokhu, sicabangele u-15.000 km ngonyaka kanye nenani eliyinsalela lika-17.500 208 euros ku-e-11.000 kanye no-208 75 euros ku-15 evamile. Ngokushaja, siphinde sicabange ukuthi u-10% wokushaja wenziwa ekhaya futhi. 35% esiteshini sokushaja somphakathi. kanye nokushaja okungu-5% ngokushaja okusheshayo. Ngomshwalense, samukele iminyaka engu-XNUMX neminyaka eyi-XNUMX ngaphandle kwezicelo.
Izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi
Ngokucabangela idatha eshiwo, sithola isithombe esilandelayo sezindleko:
| IPeugeot E-208 50 kWh 136 | IPeugeot 208 1.2 Puretech 130 | |
| Izindleko | €31.950 | €29.580 |
| izindleko zikagesi / ithambo likaphethiloli (100 km) | €3,89 | €7,10 |
| izindleko zikagesi / izindleko zikaphethiloli (ngonyaka) | €583,50 | €1.064,25 |
| Isondlo (ngonyaka) | €475 | €565 |
| Mrb (ngonyaka) | €0 | €516 |
| Umshwalense (ngonyaka) | €756 | €708 |
| Ukwehla kwenani (ngonyaka) | €3.500 | €2.200 |
| I-TCO (ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5) | €5.314,50 | €5.053,25 |
Kulesi simo, i-208 kagesi ibiza kakhulu. Umehluko futhi mncane. Kuya ngezinga elithile ekuthandeni komuntu siqu, kodwa izinzuzo ezithile zemoto kagesi ngokuqinisekile zingawuthethelela umehluko.
Umfanekiso 3: I-Tesla Model 3 Long Range vs. BMW 330i
Isibonelo se-3 Uchungechunge 3
Ukubona ukuthi isithombe sentengo ephezulu sibukeka kanjani, sifaka ne-Tesla Model 3 Long Range AWD. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa neBMW 330i xDrive. I-Tesla inenani lama-euro angama-56.980. I-330i ishibhe kancane, ngentengo yokuthenga engu-€ 55.814 3. I-75 Long Range inebhethri engu-351 kWh kanye nama-330 hp. I-258i inenjini enemigqa emine ene-hp eyi-XNUMX.
Izimiso eziyisisekelo zifana kakhulu nesibonelo sangaphambilini. Mayelana nezindleko zamandla, sicabanga ukuthi kulokhu sikhokhisa u-75% wendlu ngo-€ 0,22 kWh ngayinye kanye no-25% ukushaja nge-Tesla Supercharger ngo-€ 0,25 kWh ngayinye. Ngenani eliyinsalela likaTesla, sithatha cishe u-€ 28.000 15.000 eminyakeni emihlanu kanye no-330 23.000 km ngonyaka. Umbono we-XNUMXi muhle kancane, unenani eliyinsalela elilindelekile lama-euro angu-XNUMX XNUMX.
I-Tesla inzima kakhulu ukuyiqinisekisa. Ngakho-ke, abomshwalense banokukhetha okuncane. Kumphakeli oshibhe kakhulu, i-Model 3 ifakwe umshwalense wama-euro angu-112 ngenyanga kuzo zonke izingozi (kuncike ku-15.000 35 km ngonyaka, iminyaka engu-5 kanye neminyaka engu-3 ngaphandle kwezimangalo). Umshwalense ofanayo uyatholakala ochungechungeni lwama-61 kusukela ku-€ XNUMX ngenyanga.
Izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi
Ngokuguquguquka okungenhla, sithola izindleko ezilandelayo:
| Isibonelo seTesla 3 Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-AWD | BMW 330i xDrive | |
| Izindleko | €56.980 | €55.814 |
| izindleko zikagesi / ithambo likaphethiloli (100 km) | €3,03 | €9,90 |
| izindleko zikagesi / izindleko zikaphethiloli (ngonyaka) | €454,50 | €1.485,50 |
| Isondlo (ngonyaka) | €600 | €750 |
| Mrb (ngonyaka) | €0 | €900 |
| Umshwalense (ngonyaka) | €112 | €61 |
| Ukwehla kwenani (ngonyaka) | €6.196 | €6.775 |
| I-TCO (ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5) | €36.812,50 | €49.857,50 |
Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5 kanye nesamba esingu-75.000 36.812,50 km uzolahlekelwa yi-330 330 € ku-Tesla. Kodwa-ke, esimweni esifanayo, uzolahlekelwa cishe isigamu sethani ku-3i. Ngenkathi i-15.000i ibithengeka kancane, i-Model XNUMX izoba yinto ethengekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma ushayela ngaphezu kuka-XNUMX km ngonyaka, izindleko zizobukeka zinenzuzo eyengeziwe.
isiphetho
Mayelana nezindleko, intengo yokuthenga iyisithiyo esikhulu uma kukhulunywa ngama-EV. Nokho, uma lesi sithiyo sinqotshwa, kunezinzuzo eziningi zezezimali. Ngakho, awuyikhokhi intela yomgwaqo futhi izindleko zokuwulungisa ziphansi. Nokho, inzuzo enkulu ukuthi ugesi ishibhile kakhulu kunophethiloli. Inani eliyinsalela lezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezikhona kulindeleke ukuba libe phezulu kunalelo lezimoto zikaphethiloli. Ngaphandle kwentengo yokuthenga, okuwukuphela komphumela yizindleko eziphakeme zomshwalense.
Naphezu kwalezi zinzuzo, izimoto zikagesi azihlali zishibhile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, umehluko uvame ukuba mncane kakhulu. Uma ubheka izinzuzo okungezona ezezezimali, lo mehluko ungakhokha. Lesi isinqumo somuntu siqu. Kukhona nezimo eziningi lapho izindleko eziphelele zemoto kagesi empeleni ziphansi. Isibonelo, uma ushayela ngaphezu kuka-25.000 km ngonyaka futhi unengxenye engu-C noma imoto ephakeme, ngokuvamile ishibhile ukuthenga imoto kagesi.
