Compression ratio injini diesel - indlela yokwandisa imingcele?

Uyazi ukuthi inhliziyo yemoto yakho, injini, isebenza kanjani? Yiziphi izinqubo ezenzeka lapho ucindezela i-gas pedal noma uma ushintsha amagiya? Ungaphiki lolu lwazi - uma wazi kangcono imoto yakho, ngokushesha uzozizwa ukungasebenzi kahle. Esinye sezici ezibalulekile isilinganiso sokucindezela kwenjini.

Sifunda ithiyori - kwenzekani ngaphakathi kwegumbi elivuthayo?

Isilinganiso sokucindezela ngokombono siyisilinganiso sevolumu esikhaleni esingaphezu kwepiston esebenzayo ngesikhathi lapho idlula indawo ephansi efile ivolumu egunjini elingaphezu kwepiston ngesikhathi idlula isikhungo esiphezulu esifile. Le ncazelo iveza umehluko wengcindezi egunjini elivuthayo ngokwalo ngesikhathi lapho uphethiloli ujovwa kusilinda.

Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, isilinganiso sokucindezela sivame ukudideka nomunye umqondo, okungukuthi ukucindezela injini ye-diesel, kodwa empeleni lawa amagama amabili ahlukene. Ukuminyanisa ubukhulu bengcindezi i-piston enayo kusilinda njengoba idlula isuka endaweni efile iye endaweni ephezulu efile. Leli nani likalwa ngama-atmosphere.

Isilinganiso sokuminyanisa sikalwa ngesilinganiso sezibalo, isibonelo 19:1. Ezinjinini zikadizili, isilinganiso esiphakathi kuka-18 no-22 kuya ku-1 sithathwa njengesihamba phambili. Ngaleli zinga lokucindezelwa, inhliziyo yemoto izosebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kuhlobene ngokuqondile nesilinganiso sokucindezela. Lapho ukucindezela kuphakama ekamelweni futhi ukucindezela okukhulu, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuzoba ukonga kakhulu, kuyilapho amandla atholakele angakhula.

Ukusebenza kwenjini ye-diesel

Isilinganiso sokucindezela ekusebenzeni - sisebenza kanjani?

Ukushiswa kwengxube kaphethiloli enjinini kwenzeka ngokuhlangana kwezihwamuko ezixubile zikaphethiloli nomoya. Lapho ingxube ivutha, iyanda, okuholela ekwandeni kokucindezela ekamelweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-crankshaft yenza izinguquko, ngokulandelana, injini yenza umsebenzi owodwa owusizo. Namuhla, izinjini zikadizili ezinezinga eliphansi lokucindezela azisakhiqizwa, ngoba lokhu akudingekile, futhi uphethiloli we-octane ephansi nawo unyamalele emakethe. Wonke umuntu ulwela ukuthola izinjini ezonga kakhulu nezinezinga eliphezulu lokuminyanisa.

Ukwenyuka kwesilinganiso sokucindezelwa kungafinyelelwa ngokunciphisa indawo evuthayo yenjini yedizili. Kodwa ngezinguquko ezinjalo, onjiniyela ezimbonini kufanele bathole isisombululo sokuyekethisa, ngoba badinga ukugcina ukucindezela ekamelweni, kanye nokunciphisa inani lamafutha ashisiwe. Enye indlela yokwandisa ukucindezelwa ukubhoboza amabhulokhi ekhanda le-cylinder - isilinganiso sokucindezela sikhuphuka, futhi umthamo wokushisa uphethiloli ekamelweni uyancipha. Kulokhu, isilinda sigcina ivolumu yayo yokusebenza, futhi ukuhanjiswa kwenjini akushintshi.

mayelana nesilinganiso sokucindezela

Ukushintsha isilinganiso sokucindezela - indlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza?

Namuhla, onjiniyela bathole enye indlela yokwandisa ukucindezela ekamelweni lokushisa - lokhu ukufakwa kwe-turbocharger. Ukufakwa kwalesi divayisi kuholela ekwandeni kokucindezela ekamelweni lokushisa kwangaphakathi, kuyilapho imiqulu yekamelo ngokwayo ingadingeki ukuguqulwa. Ukubonakala kwamadivayisi anjalo kuye kwaholela ekwandeni okukhulu kwamandla, kuze kufike ku-50% wezibalo zangempela. Inzuzo yama-supercharger yikhono lokuzifaka ngokwakho, nakuba kungcono kakhulu ukuphathisa lo msebenzi kochwepheshe.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwama-supercharger azo zonke izinhlobo wehlela esenzweni esisodwa esilula, esiqondakalayo ngisho nakubantwana. Siyazi ukuthi injini yemoto iyasebenza ngenxa yokuvutha njalo kwengxube ye-fuel-air engena kumasilinda enjini. Abakhiqizi babeka isilinganiso esifanele samafutha nomoya ongena kumasilinda - okugcina kungena ekamelweni elivuthayo ngenxa yokwakhiwa komkhathi ongavamile ekushayweni kokudla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-Supercharger avumela uphethiloli othe xaxa nomoya ukuthi kuhlinzekwe endaweni yokungena kumthamo ofanayo wegumbi elivuthayo. Ngakho-ke, inani lamandla ngesikhathi somlilo liyakhula, amandla eyunithi ayanda.

Kodwa-ke, abashayeli bezimoto akufanele bathathwe ukwanda ngokweqile kwezinkomba zokuqala "zehhashi lensimbi" yabo - ngokukhuphuka kwenani lamandla ashisayo, ukwehla kwezingxenye zenjini nakho kuyanda.

Ama-piston ashisa ngokushesha, ama-valve ayaguga, uhlelo lokupholisa luyahluleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma i-turbocharging ingafakwa ngezandla zakho, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuqeda imiphumela yalokhu kuhlolwa ngisho nasesitolo esihle sokulungisa izimoto. Ezimweni ezingaphumelelanga ikakhulukazi zesimanje ngokuzenzakalelayo, "inhliziyo" yayo ingavele iqhume. Akudingeki ukuthi kuchazwe ukuthi inkampani yomshwalense izokwenqaba ukukukhokhela isinxephezelo ngaphansi kwalesi sibonelo, ibeka wonke umthwalo wemfanelo kuwena kuphela.

Izinjini ze-diesel azinayo i-valve ye-throttle, ngenxa yalokho kungenzeka ukugcwalisa amasilinda kangcono nangempumelelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-rpm. Ezimotweni eziningi zesimanje, kufakwa idivayisi efana ne-intercooler. Ikuvumela ukuthi ukwandise isisindo sokugcwalisa kumasilinda ngo-20%, okwandisa amandla enjini.

Ukucindezela kwesilinganiso sokucindezela kwenjini ye-diesel akuhlali kukuhle futhi akukhulisi njalo amandla ayo. Isilinganiso sokucindezelwa kokusebenza kungenzeka ukuthi sesivele siseduze nomkhawulo waso ohlotsheni oluthile lukaphethiloli, futhi ukulikhulisa nakakhulu kunganciphisa amandla enjini kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza. Ezimotweni zanamuhla, ingcindezi ekamelweni elivuthayo ihlale ilawulwa futhi ilawulwa yi-electronics, esabela ngokushesha ekushintsheni kokusebenza kwenjini. Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yimiphi imisebenzi yokwandisa imingcele ye "iron horse" yesimanje, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nochwepheshe.

Izindlela zokwandisa amandla enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi (PitStopMD)

Umbono wesazi

URuslan Konstantinov

Uchwepheshe wezimoto. Uthole iziqu e-IzhGTU eqanjwe ngo-M.T. Kalashnikov oneziqu ze-Operation of Transport and Technological Machines and Complexes. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10 yesipiliyoni sokukhanda izimoto.

Ezinjinini eziningi ze-diesel, isilinganiso sokucindezela sisebangeni le-18/22 kuya ku-1. Izici ezinjalo zinikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwesitshalo samandla, futhi uma isilinganiso sokucindezela sikhuphuka okungenani ngephesenti elilodwa, amandla akhuphuka okungenani ngo-2% . Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa i-turbocharging, lezi zibalo zingandiswa ngezinye izindlela.

• Isistimu ye-Common Rail.

Uhlelo lwesimanje olusetshenziswa ezimotweni eziningi zesimanje ezinezimboni zikadizili. Isimiso siwukuthi ingxube kaphethiloli ihlale inikezwa emakamelweni omlilo ngomfutho ofanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ijubane lenjini namandla. Uma ekucindezelweni kwesistimu evamile kwenzeka ku-multifold intake, khona-ke kusitimela esivamile ngesikhathi sokujova uphethiloli ekamelweni. Ngenxa yalesi simiso, umkhiqizo ukhuphuka ngo-30%, kodwa lesi sibalo singahluka kuye ngokuthi ingcindezi yomjovo kaphethiloli.

• Ukushuna kwe-chip.

Indlela edume ngokulinganayo yokwandisa amandla i-chip tuning. Umgomo wokucwengwa ukuguqula izici zokucindezela ohlelweni lukaphethiloli ngokushintsha amapharamitha weyunithi yokulawula injini ye-elekthronikhi. I-chip ithuthukisa ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwenjini, futhi iphinde iqaphe isikhathi sokunikezwa kukaphethiloli kumasilinda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungiswa kwe-chip kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli futhi wenze ukusebenza kube ukonga.

Ukuze wenze ukushuna kwe-chip ngokwakho, uzodinga imishini ekhethekile, ulwazi nolwazi. Ukufaka isilawuli esilungisiwe kusho ukulungisa kahle injini ethile; kuyadingeka futhi ukwenza ukuxilonga kuqala. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola umphumela oqinisekisiwe, kungcono ukuphendukela ochwepheshe.