Injini enganyakazi
Nakuba kudala inkathi yothando yomusi, sikhumbula izinsuku zakudala lapho wawubona khona izinqola ezinkulu zikanokusho, izitimela ezishisayo ezixova imfucumfucu yomgwaqo, noma izitimela ezishisayo zisebenza ensimini.
Injini yesitimu emile eyodwa esetshenziselwa ukushayela phakathi nendawo, kusetshenziswa isistimu yokushayela ibhande, yonke imishini yasefekthri noma ama-looms. Ubhayela wakhe washisa amalahle ajwayelekile.Kungase kube lusizi ukuthi ngeke sibone imishini enjalo ngaphandle kwemyuziyamu, kodwa kungenzeka ukwakha imodeli yokhuni yomshini omile. к kuyinjabulo enkulu ukuba neselula yokhuni enjalo ekhaya, idivayisi esebenzayo yeselula. Kulokhu sizokwakha imodeli yenjini yesitimu yesilayidi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ukushayela imodeli yokhuni, yebo, sizosebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe ovela ku-compressor yasendlini esikhundleni se-steam.
Umsebenzi we-steam injini iqukethe ukukhululwa komhwamuko wamanzi ocindezelweyo, futhi esimweni sethu umoya ocindezelweyo, ungene kusilinda, bese usuka kolunye uhlangothi, bese usuka kolunye uhlangothi lwepiston. Lokhu kubangela ukunyakaza okuguquguqukayo kokuslayida kwepiston, okudluliselwa ngenduku yokuxhuma kanye ne-drive shaft ku-flywheel. Induku yokuxhuma iguqula ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kwepiston kube ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwe-flywheel. Ukuphenduka okukodwa kwe-flywheel kufinyelelwa ngemivimbo emibili ye-piston. Ukusatshalaliswa kwesitimu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa indlela yesilayidi. Isikhathi silawulwa yi-eccentric efakwe ku-eksisi efanayo ne-flywheel ne-crank. Isilayidi esiyisicaba sivala futhi sivule imigudu yokwethula isitimu kusilinda, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo sivumela isitimu esisetshenzisiwe esinwetshiwe ukuba sikhishwe.
Amathuluzi: I-Trichinella saw, i-saw blade yensimbi, i-drill kagesi endaweni yokumisa, i-drill efakwe ebhentshini lokusebenza, i-sander yebhande, i-orbital sander, i-dremel enezinamathiselo zokhuni, i-jigsaw kagesi, isibhamu seglue esine-glue eshisayo, izinsimbi zokubaza 8, 11 no-14 mm. Ama-scrapers noma amafayela ezinkuni angase abe usizo. Ukushayela imodeli, sizosebenzisa i-compressor yasekhaya noma isicoci se-vacuum esinamandla kakhulu, umbhobho oshaya umoya.
Izinto zokwakha: ibhodi likaphayini 100 mm ububanzi futhi 20 mm obukhulu, rollers ububanzi 14 futhi 8 mm, ibhodi 20 by 20 mm, ibhodi 30 by 30 mm, ibhodi 60 by 8 mm, plywood 4 futhi 10 mm ubukhulu. Izikulufo zokhuni, izinzipho 20 kanye 40 mm. Sula i-varnish ku-spray. Amafutha e-Silicone noma uwoyela womshini.
Isisekelo somshini. Ilinganiselwa ku-450 x 200 x 20 mm. Sizokwenza kusuka ezingxenyeni ezimbili zamapulangwe kaphayini bese sinamathisela ndawonye ngezinhlangothi ezinde, noma kusukela kucezu olulodwa lweplywood. Noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle ebhodini kanye nezindawo ezisele ngemva kokusika kufanele zilungiswe kahle nge-sandpaper.
Ukusekelwa kwe-axle ye-Flywheel. Iqukethe ibhodi eliqondile kanye nebha elimboza ukusuka phezulu. Imbobo ye-eksisi yokhuni ibhojwa lapho kuxhunywana khona nezindawo zazo ngemva kokuba sezikrufulwe. Sidinga amasethi amabili wezinto ezifanayo. Sika izisekelo ezivela ebhodini likaphayini ezinobukhulu obungu-150 ngo-100 ngo-20 mm namarayili anesigaba sama-20 by 20 nobude obungu-150 mm. Kumajantshi, ebangeni elingama-20 mm ukusuka emaphethelweni, bhoboza izimbobo ezinobubanzi obungu-3 mm bese uzibuyisela kabusha nge-drill bit engu-8 mm ukuze amakhanda e-screw akwazi ukufihla kalula. Siphinde sibhoboze izimbobo ezinobubanzi obungu-3 mm emabhodini ohlangothini olungaphambili ukuze amapulangwe akwazi ukugoqwa. Lapho sithintana ne-14 mm drill, sibhoboza imigodi ye-flywheel axis. Zombili izakhi zicutshungulwa ngokucophelela nge-sandpaper, okungcono kakhulu i-sander orbital. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuhlanza izimbobo ze-axle yokhuni kusuka ku-roller nge-sandpaper egoqwe emgqeni. I-axle kufanele ijikeleze ngokumelana okuncane. Izisekelo ezidalwe ngale ndlela ziyahlakazwa futhi zimbozwe nge-varnish engenambala.
Flywheel. Sizoqala ngokudweba isakhiwo sendilinga ephepheni elingenalutho.I-flywheel yethu inobubanzi obungu-200mm kanti inezipika eziyisithupha. Zizokwakhiwa ngendlela yokuthi sizodweba ama-rectangles ayisithupha kumbuthano, sijikeleze ama-degree angu-60 ngokuphathelene ne-axis yombuthano. Ake siqale ngokudweba umbuthano ububanzi obuyi-130 mm, khona-ke sisho ama-spokes anobukhulu obuyi-15 mm.. Emakhoneni onxantathu abawumphumela, dweba imibuthano enobubanzi obuyi-11 mm. Beka iphepha ngesakhiwo sendilinga esidwetshwe ku-plywood futhi uqale umaka izikhungo zayo yonke imibuthano emincane kanye nesikhungo sendilinga nge-punch yembobo. Lawa ma-indent azoqinisekisa ukunemba kokumba. Dweba isiyingi, ihabhu kanye nesondo lapho izipikha zigcina khona ngepheya lama-caliper, khona kanye ku-plywood. Sishayela wonke amakhona onxantathu nge-drill enobubanzi obuyi-11 mm. Ngepensela, phawula izindawo eziku-plywood okufanele zingabi nalutho. Lokhu kuzosisindisa ekwenzeni amaphutha. Ngejigsaw kagesi noma isaha le-trichome, singakwazi ukusika izinto ezimakwe ngaphambili, ezidlulele ku-flywheel, ngenxa yokuthi sithola izinaliti zokuluka ezisebenzayo. Ngefayela noma i-cylindrical cutter, i-stripper, bese nge-dremel, siqondanisa ukungalungi okungenzeka futhi sigxilise imiphetho yama-spokes.
Irimu ye-Flywheel. Sizodinga amarimu amabili afanayo, esizowanamathisela ezinhlangothini zombili ze-flywheel. Futhi sizozisika nge-plywood engu-10 mm ubukhulu. Amasondo anobubanzi obungaphandle obungu-200 mm. Ku-plywood siwadweba ngekhampasi futhi sisike nge-jigsaw. Bese sidweba umbuthano ngobubanzi obuyi-130 mm coaxially bese usika isikhungo sawo. Leli kuzoba irimu le-flywheel, okungukuthi, unqenqema lwalo. I-wreath kufanele ikhulise inertia yesondo elijikelezayo nesisindo sayo. Ukusebenzisa i-wikol glue, sivala i-flywheel, i.e. lena enezinalithi zokuluka, imigexo yezimbali nhlangothi zombili. Bomba imbobo engu-6 mm phakathi nendawo ye-flywheel ukuze ufake isikulufu se-M6 phakathi nendawo. Ngakho, sithola i-eksisi ethuthukisiwe yokujikeleza kwesondo. Ngemva kokufaka lesi sikulufu njenge-eksisi yesondo ku-drill, sicubungula ngokushesha isondo lokuphotha, okokuqala ngamaholo bese kuba nge-sandpaper ecolekile. Ngikweluleka ukuthi ushintshe isiqondiso sokujikeleza kwe-drill ukuze i-bolt yesondo ingakhululeki. Isondo kufanele libe nemiphetho ebushelelezi, futhi ngemva kokucubungula ku-pseudo-lathe yethu, kufanele lijikeleze kahle, ngaphandle kwemithelela eseceleni. Lesi umbandela obaluleke kakhulu wekhwalithi ye-flywheel. Uma lo mgomo usufinyelelwe, susa ibhawodi lesikhashana bese ubhoboza imbobo ye-axle enobubanzi obungu-14 mm.
Isilinda somshini. Kwenziwe kusuka ku-10mm plywood. Sizoqala ngo-140mm ngo-60mm phansi nangaphezulu bese kuthi emuva nangaphambili kube ngu-60mm ngo-60mm. Geza izimbobo ezinobubanzi obungu-14 mm phakathi nalezi zikwele. Sihlanganisa lezi zakhi ngeglue elishisayo kusuka kusibhamu seglue, ngaleyo ndlela sidale uhlobo lwefreyimu yesilinda. Izingxenye okufanele zinamathiselwe kumele zibe yi-perpendicular futhi zihambisane nomunye nomunye, ngakho-ke uma u-gluing, sebenzisa isikwele esikhuphukayo bese ubamba endaweni kuze kube yilapho i-adhesive iqina. I-roller ezosebenza njenge-piston rod ifakwe kahle emigodini ngemuva nangaphambili lapho i-gluing. Ukusebenza okulungile kwesikhathi esizayo kwemodeli kuncike ekunembeni kwalokhu kuhlanganiswa.
Piston. Yenziwe nge-plywood engu-10 mm ubukhulu, inobukhulu obungama-60 x 60 mm. Sande imiphetho yesikwele nge-sandpaper ecolekile bese ushaya izindonga. Bamba imbobo engu-14mm ku-piston ye-piston rod. Imbobo enobubanzi obungu-3 mm ibhobozekile phezulu kwepiston ukuze uthole isikulufu esibophela ipiston entweni yepiston. Geza imbobo ngebhithi engu-8mm ukuze ufihle ikhanda lesikulufu. Isikulufu sidlula ku-piston rod ebambe ipiston endaweni yayo.
induku ye-piston. Sika isilinda esinobubanzi obungu-14 mm. Ubude bayo buyi-280 mm. Sifaka i-piston ku-piston rod futhi siyifake kuhlaka lwe-piston. Nokho, okokuqala sinquma isikhundla piston isihlobo induku piston. Ipiston izonyakaza 80 mm. Lapho uslayida, akufanele ufinyelele emaphethelweni okungena kanye nokuphuma kwe-piston, futhi endaweni engathathi hlangothi kufanele ibe phakathi nendawo yesilinda, futhi induku ye-piston akufanele iwe ngaphandle kwe-cylinder. Uma sithola le ndawo, siphawula ngepensela isikhundla se-piston ngokuphathelene nenduku ye-piston futhi ekugcineni sibhoboze imbobo enobubanzi obungu-3 mm kuyo.
Ukusabalalisa. Lena ingxenye enzima kakhulu yemoto yethu. Sidinga ukwenza kabusha imigudu yomoya kusukela ku-compressor kuya kusilinda, ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye uhlangothi lwepiston, bese usuka emoyeni okhipha umoya ovela kusilinda. Sizokwenza lezi ziteshi kusuka ezingqimbeni eziningana ze-plywood 4 mm ubukhulu. Isikhathi siqukethe amapuleti amahlanu anesilinganiso esingu-140 by 80 mm. Izimbobo zisikwa epuletini ngalinye ngokusho kwezibalo eziboniswe esithombeni. Ake siqale ngokudweba ephepheni imininingwane esiyidingayo futhi sinqume yonke imininingwane. Sidweba amaphethini amathayili ngepeni le-tip-tip ku-plywood, siwahlele ngendlela yokuthi angachithi impahla, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo abe nomsebenzi omncane ngangokunokwenzeka lapho usaha. Maka ngokucophelela izindawo ezimakiwe zezimbobo ezisizayo bese usika amajamo ahambisanayo ngejikhsara noma i-tribrach. Ekugcineni, sihlanganisa yonke into futhi siyihlanze nge-sandpaper.
Uziphu. Leli ibhodi le-plywood elinomumo ofanayo nesithombeni. Okokuqala, vula izimbobo bese uzisika nge-jigsaw. Okunye okusele kungasikwa ngesaha ye-trichome noma kulahlwe nge-conical cylindrical cutter noma i-dremel. Ngakwesokunene kwesilayidi kukhona umgodi onobubanzi obungu-3 mm, lapho i-axis yesibambo se-eccentric lever izotholakala.
Iziqondiso zamaslayidi. Isilayidi sisebenza phakathi kwama-skid amabili, amagayidi aphansi nangaphezulu. Sizokwenza kusuka ku-plywood noma ama-slats angu-4 mm ubukhulu no-140 mm ubude. Namathisela imihlahlandlela nge-Vicol glue epuletini lesikhathi elilandelayo elihambisanayo.
Induku yokuxhuma. Sizoyisika ngendlela yendabuko, njengasesithombeni. Ibanga phakathi kwezimbazo zemigodi enobubanzi obuyi-14 mm libalulekile. Kufanele ibe ngu-40 mm.
Isibambo se-Crank. Yenziwe ngomugqa wama-30 x 30 mm futhi inobude obungama-50 mm. Sibhoboza imbobo engu-14 mm ebhulokhini kanye nembobo eyimpumputhe ebheke phambili. Faka ingxenye ephambene yebhulokhi ngefayela lezinkuni bese ususa nge-sandpaper.
Ukubamba kwenduku ye-piston. Inokwakheka kuka-U, eyenziwe ngamapulangwe angama-30 x 30 mm futhi inobude obungama-40 mm. Ungabona ukuma kwayo esithombeni. Sibhoboza imbobo engu-14 mm kubhlokhi ohlangothini olungaphambili. Usebenzisa isaha elinensingo yesaha, sika kabili futhi wenze i-slot lapho i-piston rod izohamba khona, usebenzisa i-drill kanye nesaha ye-trichinosis. Sibhoboza imbobo ye-axle exhuma i-crank ku-piston rod.
Ukusekelwa kwesilinda. Sidinga izakhi ezimbili ezifanayo. Sika 90 x 100 x 20mm izisekelo zebhodi likaphayini.
I-Eccentricity. Ukusuka ku-plywood engu-4mm obukhulu, sika onxande abane, ngamunye ube ngu-40mm x 25mm. Simba izimbobo kuma-rectangles nge-drill engu-14 mm. Umklamo we-eccentric uboniswa esithombeni. Lezi zimbobo zitholakala eduze kwe-eksisi ye-longitudinal, kodwa zisuka komunye nomunye eduze kwe-eksisi eguquguqukayo ngo-8 mm. Sixhuma ama-rectangles ngamabhangqa amabili, siwahlanganise kanye nezindawo zawo. Namathisela isilinda esingu-28 mm ezimbotsheni zangaphakathi. Qinisekisa ukuthi izindawo ezingaphezulu konxande ziyahambisana. Isibambo se-lever singasisiza kulokhu.
ingalo ye-leverukuxhuma kwesilayidi ne-eccentric. Iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu. Esokuqala isibambo esimise u-U esihlanganisa isilayidi. Kubhojwa imbobo endizeni ye-eksisi lapho yenza khona umnyakazo wokunyakazisa. I-eccentric clamp inamathiselwe ngakolunye uhlangothi. Lesi siqeshana siyagoqeka futhi siqukethe amabhulokhi amabili angu-20×20×50 mm lilinye. Xhuma amabhulokhi ngezikulufu zokhuni bese ubhoboza imbobo engu-14mm onqenqemeni lombambo lwe-ekseli eccentric. I-Perpendicular to the axis kwelinye lamabhuloki sibhoboza imbobo eyimpumputhe enobubanzi obuyi-8 mm. Manje singakwazi ukuxhuma izingxenye zombili nge-shaft enobubanzi obungu-8 mm nobude obungaba ngu-160 mm, kodwa ibanga eliphakathi kwezimbazo zalezi zingxenye libalulekile, okufanele libe ngu-190 mm.
Ukuhlanganiswa komshini. Usebenzisa ibhawodi, faka ipiston ku-piston rod efakwe ohlakeni lwesilinda, bese ubhoboza imbobo ekugcineni ye-eksisi yesibambo se-crank. Khumbula ukuthi imbobo kumele ihambisane nesisekelo. Namathisela izici ezilandelayo zedrayivu yesikhathi kuhlaka lwesilinda (isithombe a). Ipuleti lokuqala elilandelayo elinezimbobo ezine (isithombe b), elesibili elinezimbobo ezimbili ezinkulu (isithombe c) lixhuma izimbobo zibe ngamapheya amabili. Okulandelayo yipuleti lesithathu (isithombe d) elinezimbobo ezine bese ubeka isilayidi kuso. Izithombe (isithombe u-e no-f) zibonisa ukuthi isilayidi, esisuswa yi-eccentric ngesikhathi sokusebenza, sidalula imbobo eyodwa noma enye ngokulandelana. Namathisela imihlahlandlela emibili ehola isilayidi epuleti lesithathu ukusuka phezulu nangaphansi. Sinamathisela ipuleti lokugcina elinezimbobo ezimbili kubo, simboze isilayidi esivela phezulu (isithombe d). Namathisela ibhulokhi ngembobo embotsheni engaphezulu enobubanzi obungangoba ungakwazi ukunamathisela kuyo ipayipi lomoya elicindezelweyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isilinda sivaliwe ngesivalo esisikwe ngezikulufo eziningana. Namathisela i-axle ye-flywheel esisekelweni, uqaphele ukuthi asemgqeni futhi ahambisana nendiza yesisekelo. Ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa okuphelele, sizopenda izakhi kanye nezingxenye zomshini nge-varnish engenambala. Sibeka induku yokuxhuma ku-axis ye-flywheel futhi siyinamathisele ngokuqondile kuyo. Faka i-ekseli yenduku yokuxhuma emgodini wesibili. Zombili izimbazo kufanele zihambisane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesisekelo, namathisela amabhodi amabili ukuze wenze ukusekelwa kwe-cylinder. Sinamathisela isilinda esiphelele ngomshini wesikhathi kubo. Ngemuva kokuthi isilinda sinamathiselwe, faka i-lever exhuma isilayidi ku-eccentric. Kuphela manje lapho singakwazi khona ukunquma ubude be-lever exhuma i-crank rod yokuxhuma ku-piston rod. Sika kahle i-shaft bese unamathisela izibambo ezi-U. Sixhuma lezi zakhi ngezimbazo ezenziwe ngezipikili. Umzamo wokuqala uwukuphendula i-asi ye-flywheel ngesandla. Zonke izingxenye ezihambayo kufanele zinyakaze ngaphandle kokumelana okungadingekile. I-crank izokwenza i-revolution eyodwa futhi i-spool kufanele isabele ngokugudluka okungavamile.
Umdlalo. Gcoba umshini ngamafutha lapho silindele khona ukungqubuzana. Ekugcineni, sixhuma imodeli ngekhebula ku-compressor. Ngemva kokuqala iyunithi nokuhlinzeka ngomoya ocindezelwe kusilinda, imodeli yethu kufanele isebenze ngaphandle kwezinkinga, inikeze umklami ubumnandi obuningi. Noma yikuphi ukuvuza kungahlanganiswa ngeglue kusuka kusibhamu seglue esishisayo noma i-silicone ecacile, kodwa lokhu kuzokwenza imodeli yethu ingapheli. Iqiniso lokuthi imodeli ingahlakazwa, isibonelo, ukukhombisa ukunyakaza kwepiston ku-cylinder, kuyinzuzo ebalulekile.
