Ukuqhathanisa Kokudlulisa - FWD, RWD, AWD

Ukudluliswa kwemoto ikakhulukazi kuqukethe injini kanye nokudluliselwa. Okusele, izingxenye ezithatha amandla ku-transmission bese ziwathumela emasondweni, yizingxenye ezinquma ngempela ukuthi imoto iziphatha kanjani emgwaqeni. Izindlela ezihlukene zisebenzela izindawo ezihlukene, futhi zonke zinikeza ulwazi oluhlukile kumshayeli. Abakhiqizi nabashisekeli abaqotho bathanda ukukhuluma ngezinombolo nokusebenza, kodwa yini ngempela enikezwa izinketho ezahlukene ze-powertrain?

Isondo elihamba phambili

Kuyaziwa ukuthi izimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili ngokwesilinganiso zilula kunezakwabo. Isakhiwo sikagesi sishiya indawo eningi ngaphansi kwemoto, lapho bekuvame ukubekwa khona ishaft, i-central differential, njll. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukufaka ugesi ngephakeji elincane elicocekile ekugcineni kwemoto, linikeze abagibeli indawo yokuphumula eyengeziwe futhi indawo ye-trunk.

Isebenza kanjani?

Ngaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni eminingi, zonke izinto ezijwayelekile zokuhambisa zikhona emotweni edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, umehluko kuphela ukuthi ikuphi nendawo. Uzothola injini, ukudluliselwa kanye nomehluko kuxhunywe enjinini efakwe ngokuphambanayo.

Izinjini ezifakwe isikhathi eside ezithumela amandla emasondweni angaphambili zikhona, kodwa ziyivelakancane futhi noma kunjalo zinesakhiwo esifana nezimoto ze-XNUMXWD, okusho ukuthi amandla avame ukubuyiselwa ku-transmission ngaphansi kwemoto phakathi komshayeli nomgibeli ngaphambi kokunyakaza. . kuya kumehluko endaweni eyodwa, eyiqondisa emasondweni angaphambili. Ifana ne-symmetrical all-wheel drive ye-Subaru ngaphandle kokudluliswa kwamandla ukusuka ku-driveshaft kuya e-axle yangemuva.

Enjinini ephambanayo, amasilinda ahlelwa ukusuka kwesokunxele kuye kwesokudla esikhundleni sangaphambili ukuya emuva.

Nakuba lokhu kuhlelwa kungase kubonakale kuphambene, empeleni kuvumela izingxenye eziningi ezibalulekile ukuthi zithathe umkhondo omncane, kuyilapho zisasebenza njengokudluliswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu isikhathi esiningi. Ngenjini egibele i-transverse, ukudluliselwa kungatholakala ikakhulukazi eduze kwayo (kusephakathi kwamasondo angaphambili), ukudlulisa amandla kumehluko wangaphambili bese kuba kuma-axles. Ukuhlanganiswa kuka-gearbox, umehluko nama-axles endlini eyodwa kubizwa nge-gearbox.

Lolu hlobo lokufakwa lungatholakala ezimotweni ezinenjini yangemuva noma emaphakathi, umehluko kuphela oyindawo (ku-ekseli engemuva).

Le divayisi engasindi futhi elula ivumela abakhiqizi ukuthi balingane nezinjini ezincane, ezonga uphethiloli ngaphansi kwesivalo.

Izinzuzo zokushayela ngamasondo angaphambili

• Izimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili zijwayele ukuba lula futhi zithwala isisindo esiningi kunezimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili. Lokhu kunikeza ibhalansi enhle yokudonsa okuthembekile. Kuyasiza nasekubhulekeni.

• Ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli kuyimpikiswano ebalulekile evuna izimoto ezinalolu hlobo lokuthutha. Nakuba ukudonsa okuphezulu kuzivumela ukuba zisebenzise uphethiloli ngendlela ephumelelayo kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu benjini, izinjini ezincane zisebenzisa uphethiloli omncane, kanti isisindo esilula sisho ukuthi injini kufanele idonse kancane.

• Ukudonsa kwamasondo angemuva kungcono kakhulu uma bengawadlulisi amandla phansi. Uma ijika emakhoneni imoto ithwala kanzima emaceleni, yingakho amasondo angemuva edonsa kanzima ukuze akwazi ukudonsa. Uma amasondo angemuva ehluleka ukugcina ukudonsa, i-oversteer iyenzeka.

  • I-Oversteer yilapho ingemuva lemoto linyakaza ngenxa yokuthi amasondo angemuva aphelelwa amandla, futhi lokhu kungenza imoto ihluleke ukuyilawula.

• Izingxenye ze-Drivetrain ezithatha isikhala esiningi azikho ngaphansi kwemoto, okuvumela umzimba ukuthi uhlale phansi futhi unikeze abagibeli indawo eyengeziwe.

• Izici zokuphatha ziyabikezelwa futhi azinalaka kunezinye izakhiwo zokudlulisela. Abashayeli abasha noma abashayeli abaqaphile bayazuza kulokhu.

Ukungalungi kwe-front-wheel drive

• Ngokudonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, amasondo angaphambili athatha umsebenzi omningi. Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqondisa, iningi lamabhuleki nawo wonke amandla awela phansi. Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga zokudonsa kanye ne-understeer.

  • I-Understeer yilapho amasondo angaphambili ephelelwa amandla uma ejika amakhona okwenza imoto iphume imingcele.

• Amasondo angaphambili akwazi ukuphatha inani elithile lamandla ehhashi ngaphambi kokuthi angabe esaba wusizo ekujikeni ngokushesha. Yize wonke umuntu ethanda izimoto ezineqhuzu elincane, amandla amaningi adala ukuthi amasondo angaphambili alahlekelwe ukudonsa kungazelelwe. Lokhu kungenza umgwaqo ogandayiwe owomile ubukeke njengeqhwa.

Ingabe i-front wheel drive ilungele izidingo zakho?

• Amadolobha kanye nezindawo zasemadolobheni zilungele ukushayela ngamasondo angaphambili. Imigwaqo ivamise ukunakekelwa kahle futhi azikho izindawo eziningi ezivulekile zokushayela ngesivinini esiphezulu nokujika amakhona.

• Abagibeli kanye nabanye abashayeli bezimoto ezinde bazokujabulela ukulungiswa nomnotho wezimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili.

• Abashayeli abaqalayo kufanele baqale ngemoto edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili. Lokhu kungabavumela ukuthi bafunde ukushayela imoto okulula ukuyiphatha futhi kubavimbele ekwenzeni izinto eziningi eziyingozi eziwubulima njengama-donuts nama-power slides.

• Izimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili zikwazi ukudonsa kangcono emigwaqeni eshelelayo uma ziqhathaniswa nezimoto ezidonsa ngemuva. Noma ubani ohlala endaweni eneqhwa elincane noma imvula eningi uzozuza emotweni edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili.

Ukushayela emuva

Intandokazi yama-automotive purists, amasondo angemuva isenokuningi okungayinikeza umshayeli wesimanje. Leli lungiselelo manje selisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezemidlalo kanye nezimoto zikanokusho, futhi lalisetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izimoto ezikhiqizwa engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lamashumi amabili. Umdwebo oyinhloko ukwakheka okunembile nezici zokubamba ezinembayo ezinikezwa ngamasondo angemuva. Isakhiwo samasondo angemuva sivame ukubonakala njengesakhiwo semoto esijwayelekile.

Isebenza kanjani?

Isakhiwo esilula kunazo zonke, idrayivu ngamasondo angemuva ibeka injini ngaphambi kwemoto futhi iyibuyisele emuva ku-transmission iye kuma-different wangemuva. Umahluko ube usuthumela amandla emasondweni angemuva. Amamodeli alula nezincwadi eziqondiswe kubantu abasha kanye nezingane cishe njalo ziveza njengokuthi "umshini usebenza kanjani", futhi ngesizathu esihle. Phezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukugeleza kwamandla ukusuka phambili ukuya emuva kulula ukukuqonda, kunamandla okulawula i-ekseli eyodwa kuyilapho ezinye iziqondiso zenza umqondo omkhulu.

Esimweni esijwayelekile, injini itholakala ngobude ngaphambili, futhi ukudluliselwa kutholakala ngaphansi kwemoto phakathi komshayeli nomgibeli. I-cardan shaft idlula emhubheni owakhiwe endlini. Izimoto ezimbalwa zezemidlalo, ezifana ne-Mercedes SLS AMG, zinomshini ngemuva njengebhokisi lika-gearbox, kodwa lolu hlelo luyinkimbinkimbi futhi lutholakala kuphela ezimotweni zomjaho wezimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Izimoto ezinenjini yangemuva, ezidonsa ngamasondo angemuva nazo zisebenzisa u-gearbox wangemuva othwala sonke isisindo emasondweni ukuze akwazi ukudonsa.

Ukubamba kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu kulabo abathanda ukushayela ngamasondo angemuva. Izici zokuphatha ziyabikezelwa kodwa ziyaphila kakhulu. Izimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angemuva ngokuvamile zingenziwa ukuthi zijike zibe amakhona kalula. Abanye bakubona njengenkinga, abanye bathanda kakhulu kangangokuthi wonke ama-motorsport asekelwe kulesi simiso. I-Drifting iyona kuphela i-motorsport lapho abashayeli behlulelwa ngesitayela kunejubane. Ikakhulukazi, bahlulelwa ngokuthi bangakwazi kanjani ukulawula i-oversteer yemoto yabo emakhoneni nokuthi bangasondelana kangakanani nezindonga nezinye izithiyo ngaphandle kokuzishaya ngokuphelele.

I-Oversteer ifana ne-espresso. Abanye abantu abakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwawo, kuyilapho abanye bezizwa bengalawuleki ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuningi kuzokunika isisu esibuhlungu, futhi ukuphahlazeka okulandelayo uma wenza ngokweqile kungakwenza ucabange kabusha izinto eziza kuqala kuwe.

Izimoto ezinkulu zezemidlalo eziwubukhazikhazi njenge-BMW M5 noma i-Cadillac CTS-V zisebenzisa idrayivu yamasondo angemuva ukuze zenze izimoto ezinkulu zisheshe kakhulu. Nakuba i-all-wheel drive iphinde isebenze ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo, iphinde ibe nomthelela ekudonseni phansi ngaphezu kokudonsa amasondo angemuva. Lena inkinga enkulu ezimotweni ezisindayo ezidinga ukuphathwa okubukhali ngokwedlulele ukuze zikwazi ukujika amakhona ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuqondisa okunzima.

Izinzuzo zokushayela ngamasondo angemuva

• Ukubamba okunembayo njengoba amasondo angaphambili awadluliseli amandla phansi futhi alahlekelwe ukudonsa.

• Isisindo esilula ngaphambili, sihlangene nokushoda kwamandla emasondweni angaphambili, kusho ukuthi mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthi u-understeer.

• Isakhiwo esinembile senza ukuxazulula inkinga kube lula. Indawo yomsindo noma ukudlidliza kulula ukunquma lapho wonke ukuthunyelwa kuhamba emuva naphambili ngomugqa.

Ububi bokushayela ngamasondo angemuva

• Ukungahambi kahle emigwaqweni eshelelayo ngenxa yesisindo esiphansi kakhulu samasondo okushayela. Abanye abashayeli bafaka izikhwama zesihlabathi emasondweni abo angemuva ebusika ukuze banciphise i-gas mileage futhi banikeze ukuhamba okungcono.

• Abanye abantu baphikisa ngokuthi idrayivu yangemuva isiphelelwe yisikhathi, bebalula ukuthuthuka kokudonsa ngawo wonke amasondo nangaphambili okubenza benze ngendlela efanayo. Kwezinye izimo, izimoto ezihamba ngamasondo angemuva zenziwa ukuze zithwebule i-nostalgia. Kunjalo ngeFord Mustang kanye neDodge Challenger.

• Uma imoto edonsa ngamasondo angemuva ine-ekseli ephilayo ngemuva, okungukuthi, i-ekseli ngaphandle kokumiswa okuzimele, khona-ke ukuqondisa kungase kube nzima futhi kungakhululekile.

Ingabe idrayivu yamasondo angemuva ilungele izidingo zakho?

• Abashayeli abahlala endaweni efudumele engatholi kakhulu izimvula ezinkulu ngeke bahlangabezane nobubi obuningi bokushayela ngamasondo angemuva.

• Abafuna into e-sporty bangakwazi ukukufeza lokhu ngisho nangemoto engeyona eyemidlalo edonsa ngamasondo angemuva.

• Ukunika amandla amasondo angemuva kuphela, kunawo wonke amasondo, kunikeza uphethiloli ukonga kangcono kune-four-wheel drive futhi kunikeza ukusheshisa okungcono ngejubane.

Ukushayela okuhamba ngamasondo amane

Idrayivu enamasondo amane ithole ukuduma eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule. Ekuqaleni, abakhiqizi babecabanga ukuthi idrayivu edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo izoheha ikakhulukazi labo abafuna ukuhamba ngaphandle komgwaqo. Kunalokho, bathole ukuthi abantu abaningi bathanda indlela ama-200xXNUMX asebenza ngayo emigwaqweni egandayiwe neyobhuqu ngesivinini esiphezulu. Imibuthano, eyenzeka isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle komgwaqo, ithathe amasondo amane ngokushesha. Ngenxa yokuthi umjaho we-rally wadalelwa umjaho wezimoto abantu abajwayelekile abangazithenga endaweni, abakhiqizi bekufanele benze izimoto ze-sporty XNUMXWD zitholakale efektri ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zokuhlangana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuze imoto ikwazi ukuqhudelana emijahweni ye-rally, umakhi kuzomele akhiqizele abathengi isibalo esithile sezimoto ngonyaka. AmaSedan afana neMitsubishi Lancer kanye neSubaru Impreza akhiqizwa ngobuningi, kanti izimoto ezisheshayo zakwaGroup B njengeFord RSXNUMX zakhiqizwa ngamanani amancane kakhulu.

Lokhu kuphushe ngempela abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuthi basebenzise amasondo onke ezimotweni zabo zezemidlalo. Kuphinde kwasho ukuthi amasistimu angcono, alula kuwo wonke amasondo athuthukiswa ukuze ahlale ekwazi ukuncintisana. Kulezi zinsuku, i-All-wheel drive iyisici esijwayelekile kuyo yonke into kusuka ezinqoleni zesiteshi kuya kuma-supercars. Ngisho neFerrari isebenzise amasondo amane ezimotweni ezimbili zokugcina.

Isebenza kanjani?

Ukushayela ngamasondo amane kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezinenjini yangaphambili. Yize i-Audi nePorsche bakhiqiza izinhlobo ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo ezingenayo injini edonsa ngaphambili, isibalo sezimoto okusebenza kuzo le ncazelo sisesincane. Ezimotweni ezinenjini yangaphambili, kunezindlela ezimbili ezivamile zokushayela ngamasondo amane:

Uhlelo olusabalalisa amandla ngokulinganayo kakhulu lubandakanya ukudlulisa amandla ngokudlulisela kumehluko ophakathi nendawo. Lokhu kufana nokwakheka kwamasondo angemuva, kuphela kune-driveshaft egijima ukusuka phakathi nendawo kuya ku-differential kwi-ekseli yangaphambili. Endabeni yeNissan Skyline GT-R, imoto eyivelakancane e-US, imodeli yesisekelo empeleni kwakuyimoto edonsa ngamasondo angemuva. Uhlelo lwe-Audi Quattro nalo lusebenzisa lesi sakhiwo. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla phakathi kwama-axle amabili kuvame ukuba ngu-50/50 noma kuvumela amasondo angemuva afika ku-30/70.

Uhlobo lwesibili oludonsa ngawo wonke amasondo lufana nemoto edonsa ngaphambili. Injini ixhunywe ku-transmission, esendaweni eyodwa enomehluko wangaphambili nama-ekseli. Kulo mhlangano kuza enye i-driveshaft eya ku-diff engemuva. KwaHonda, MINI, Volkswagen nezinye eziningi zisebenzisa amasistimu afanayo anemiphumela emihle kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwesistimu ngokuvamile luthanda amasondo angaphambili, ngesilinganiso esingu-60/40 okuyisilinganiso sezimoto ezisebenza kakhulu. Amanye amasistimu athumela amandla afinyelela ku-10% emasondweni angemuva uma amasondo angaphambili engajikelezi. Ukonga kwamafutha kuyathuthukiswa ngalolu hlelo futhi kunesisindo esingaphansi kunenye.

Izinzuzo zokuhamba ngamasondo onke

• Ukudonsa kuthuthukiswa kakhulu ngokuthumela amandla kuwo wonke amasondo. Lokhu kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza ngaphandle komgwaqo nasemigwaqweni emibi. Iphinde ithuthukise ukusheshisa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zokusebenza okuphezulu.

• Mhlawumbe isakhiwo esiguquguqukayo sokudlulisa. Isizathu esikhulu esenza ama-XNUMXxXNUMX athandwe ngabashuna nabathanda impelasonto ukuthi angakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukene phakathi nangaphandle komgwaqo.

• Isimo sezulu asikhathazeki kangako uma imoto yakho ikwazi ukuthumela amandla emasondweni adonsa kakhulu. Kulula ukugibela iqhwa nemvula.

Ukungalungi kwe-all-wheel drive

• Ukuhamba kangcono emigwaqweni eshelelayo kungenza umshayeli azethembe ngokweqile ekhonweni lakhe lokuma noma ukujika, ngokuvamile okuholela engozini.

• Umnotho wamafutha mubi kunezinye izindlela.

• Kunzima. Imininingwane eyengeziwe isho isisindo esiningi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usike kanjani.

• Imininingwane eyengeziwe isho izinto eziningi ezingase zingahambi kahle. Okwenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu, alukho uhlelo lweqiniso olujwayelekile lokushayela wonke amasondo, ngakho-ke izingxenye azikwazi ukushintshwa njengoba zisezimotweni ezidonsa ngemuva.

• Izici zokuphatha ezingavamile; umkhiqizi ngamunye unezimfanelo zakhe kulo mnyango. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlelo ze-XNUMXWD zilula ukuphatha ngendlela ehlekisayo, kanti ezinye azibikezeleki kahle (ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuguqulwa).

Ingabe idrayivu yamasondo onke ifanele izidingo zakho?

• Noma ubani ohlala endaweni eneqhwa kakhulu kufanele acabangele ngokujulile ukuthola imoto edonsa ngamasondo amane. Ukubhajwa eqhweni kungaba yingozi ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni.

• Labo abahlala ezindaweni ezifudumele, ezomile abadingi idrayivu edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo ukuze bakwazi ukudonsa, kodwa ngisathanda isici sokusebenza. Nakuba ukonga kukaphethiloli kubi kakhulu.

• Ngokuvamile amasondo amane edolobheni ayisasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, ama-XNUMXxXNUMX amancane angaba amahle emadolobheni aneqhwa njengeMontreal noma iBoston.