Ukuqhathanisa ibhetri: Lead Acid, Gel kanye ne-AGM

Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamabhethri okugcina emakethe: i-lead-acid ene-liquid electrolyte, i-gel ne-AGM. Zonke zinenqubo efanayo yokusebenza, kepha kukhona umehluko omkhulu kudivayisi. Lokhu kwehluka kubanikeza izici ezikhethekile, noma kunjalo, uhlobo ngalunye lunezinkinga zalo okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa ibhethri.

Amabhethri e-lead-acid ane-liquid electrolyte

Lolu hlobo lwebhethri elishajekayo lusetshenziswa kakhulu. Idizayini yabo ihlale ingashintshi kakhulu kusukela yasungulwa ngo-1859.

Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza

Indlu yebhethri iqukethe amakamelo ayisithupha noma amathini ahlukanisiwe komunye nomunye. Igumbi ngalinye liqukethe amapuleti okuhola ne-electrolyte engamanzi. Amapuleti anezindleko ezinhle nezimbi (i-cathode ne-anode). Amapuleti okuhola angaqukatha ukungcola kwe-antimony noma i-silicon. I-electrolyte iyinhlanganisela ye-sulfuric acid (35%) namanzi acolisisiwe (65%). Phakathi kwamapuleti okuhola kukhona amapuleti angama-porac spacer abizwa ngama separators Ziyadingeka ukuvimbela ama-circuits amafushane. Ibhange ngalinye likhiqiza cishe i-2V ngenani eliphelele le-12V (i-daisy chain).

Okwamanje kumabhethri e-acid ehola kwenziwa ukuphendula kwe-electrochemical phakathi kwe-lead dioxide ne-sulfuric acid. Lokhu kudla i-sulfuric acid, ebolayo. Ubuningi be-electrolyte buyancipha. Uma ushaja kwishaja noma kukhiqizi wemoto, kwenzeka inqubo ehlehlisayo (ukushaja).

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwamabhethri e-lead-acid kwenziwa ukwakheka kwawo okulula nokwethembekile. Banikeza imisinga yokuqala ephezulu yokuqalisa injini (kufika ku-500A), basebenza ngokuqinile kuze kube yiminyaka emi-3-5 ngokusebenza okufanele. Ibhethri lingashajwa ngemisinga ekhuphukile. Lokhu ngeke kulimaze umthamo webhethri. Inzuzo enkulu yintengo engabizi.

Okubi okuyinhloko kwalolu hlobo lwebhethri kuhlotshaniswa nokugcinwa nokusebenza. I-electrolyte inguketshezi. Ngakho-ke, kunengozi yokugeleza kwayo. I-Sulfuric acid iwuketshezi olonakalisayo kakhulu. Futhi, kukhishwa amagesi abhubhisayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ibhethri alikwazi ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwemoto, kuphela ngaphansi kwe-hood.

Umshayeli kufanele njalo aqaphe izinga lokushaja ibhethri nobuningi be-electrolyte. Uma ibhethri ishajiwe kabusha, iyabila. Amanzi ayahwamuka futhi adinga ukugcwaliswa ngezikhathi ezithile kumagumbi. Kusetshenziswa amanzi acolisisiwe kuphela.

Ungavumeli ukuthi izinga lokushaja lehle ngaphansi kuka-50%. Ukukhishwa okugcwele kuqinisekisiwe ukubhidliza le divayisi, njengoba kwenzeka ukujiya okujulile kwamapuleti (ukwakheka kwe-lead sulfate).

Kuyadingeka ukugcina nokusebenza kwebhethri endaweni eqondile ukuze i-electrolyte ingaphumi futhi amapuleti angavali ndawonye. Isifunda esifushane singenzeka futhi ngenxa yokuwohloka kwamapuleti.

Ngesikhathi samakhaza, ibhethri livame ukukhishwa emotweni ukuze lingabi yiqhwa. Lokhu kungenzeka nge-liquid electrolyte. Ibhethri elibandayo nalo lisebenza kabi.

Gel amabhethri

Amabhethri e-gel asebenza ezimisweni ezifanayo namabhethri ajwayelekile e-lead-acid. Kuphela i-electrolyte ngaphakathi ayikho ketshezi, kepha isesimweni sejel. Lokhu kufinyelelwe ngokungeza i-silica gel equkethe i-silicon. I-silica gel igcina i-electrolyte ngaphakathi. Ihlukanisa amapuleti amahle nahle, isb. isebenza njengesahlukanisi. Ekwenziweni kwamapuleti, kusetshenziswa umthofu ohlanzeke kakhulu kuphela ngaphandle kokungcola. Ukuhlelwa okuminyene kwamapuleti ne-silica gel kunikeza ukumelana okuphansi, ngakho-ke ukushaja okusheshayo nemisinga yokubuyisa ephezulu (800-1000A ngokuqalisa ngakunye ekuqaleni).

Ukuba khona kwe-silica gel nakho kunika inzuzo eyodwa enkulu - ibhethri alikwesabi ukukhishwa okujulile.

Inqubo ye-sulfation kumabhethri anjalo ihamba kancane. Amagesi aqhamukayo ahlala ngaphakathi. Uma kwenzeka ukwakheka kwegesi okukhulu kakhulu, kuphuma amagesi amaningi ngamaphayiphu akhethekile. Lokhu kubi kumthamo webhethri, kepha akubalulekile. Awudingi ukufaka lutho. Amabhethri e-Gel awanakekelwa.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

Kukhona ama-plus amaningi wamabhethri e-gel kunama-minus. Ngenxa yokuthi i-electrolyte ngaphakathi isesimweni sejel, ibhethri lingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha cishe kunoma isiphi isikhundla nasendaweni. Akukho okuchitheka njengakho konke nge-liquid electrolyte. Noma ngabe icala lilimele, amandla ebhethri awancishiswa.

Impilo yesevisi yebhethri le-gel ngokunakekelwa okufanele icishe ibe yiminyaka eyi-10-14. Njengoba inqubo ye-sulfation ihamba kancane, amapuleti awashabalali, futhi ibhethri elinjalo lingagcinwa kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa kabusha nangokulahleka okukhulu kwamandla. Imvamisa kuthatha i-3-15% yenkokhiso ngonyaka.

Ibhethri le-gel lingamelana nokukhishwa okugcwele okufika ku-400. Lokhu kuphinde kufezeke ngenxa yesimo se-electrolyte. Izinga lokushaja lilulama ngokushesha.

Ukumelana okuphansi kuvumela ukulethwa kwemisinga ephezulu yokulethwa, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu.

Okubi kubandakanya ukuzwela kokushaja ngokweqile namasekhethi amafushane. Ngakho-ke, amabhethri anjalo akhombisa amapharamitha we-voltage avunyelwe ngesikhathi sokushaja. Udinga futhi ukushaja ngamandla ka-10% womthamo webhethri. Ngisho nokudlulela ngokweqile okuncane kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwayo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amashaja akhethekile anamabhethri anjalo.

Emakhazeni amakhulu, i-silica gel nayo ingafriza futhi ilahlekelwe esitsheni. Yize amabhethri e-gel amelana nesithwathwa kangcono kunamabhethri ajwayelekile.

Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu futhi izindleko eziphezulu zamabhethri e-gel uma kuqhathaniswa nezilula.

Amabhethri e-AGM

Umgomo wokusebenza kwamabhethri we-AGM uyefana nezinhlobo ezimbili ezedlule. Umehluko omkhulu ekwakhiweni kwabahlukanisi nesimo se-electrolyte. Phakathi kwamapuleti okuhola kukhona i-fiberglass, efakwe nge-electrolyte. I-AGM imele i-Absorbed Glass Mat noma i-Absorbed Glass Fiber. Okwezingcwecwe, kusetshenziswa umthofu omsulwa kuphela.

I-fiberglass namapuleti kucindezelwe ndawonye ngokuqinile. I-electrolyte igcinwe ngenxa ye-porosity yento. Kudalwa ukumelana okuphansi okuthinta isivinini sokushaja nesikhathi samanje sokuqalisa.

Amabhethri anjalo abhekwa njengamabhethri angenazondlo. Sulfation ihamba kancane, amapuleti awawi. I-electrolyte ayihambi futhi cishe ayihwamuki. Amagesi amaningi eqa ngamaphayiphu akhethekile.

Esinye isici samabhethri e-AGM yikhono lokuguqula amapuleti abe yimigqa noma imiklamo ewumoya. Igumbi ngalinye limi ngesilinda. Lokhu kwandisa indawo yokuxhumana futhi kuthuthukise ukumelana nokudlidliza. Amabhethri akulo mklamo angabonakala kusuka kumkhiqizo owaziwayo we-OPTIMA.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

Amabhethri e-AGM angaqhutshwa futhi agcinwe kunoma iyiphi indawo. Umzimba uvaliwe. Udinga kuphela ukuqapha izinga lokushaja kanye nesimo samatheminali. Idivayisi ingagcinwa iminyaka emi-3, ngenkathi ilahlekelwa kuphela yi-15-20% yenkokhiso ngonyaka.

Amabhethri anjalo anika imisinga yokuqala ephezulu kuze kufike ku-1000A. Lokhu kuphakame kaningana kunokujwayelekile.

Ukukhishwa okugcwele akusabisi. Ibhethri lingamelana nokukhishwa okungu-zero zero okungu-200, kuze kufike kuma-500 uhhafu wokukhishwa kanye nokukhishwa okungu-1000 ku-30%.

Amabhethri e-AGM enza kahle kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngisho naseqhweni elinamandla, izici azinciphi. Babekezelela namazinga okushisa aphezulu afinyelela ku-60-70 ° C.

Njengamabhethri e-gel, ama-AGM azwela ekushajeni. I-overcurrent encane izolimaza ibhethri. Ngaphezulu kwe-15V sekuvele kubalulekile. Futhi, isekhethi elifushane akumele livunyelwe. Ngakho-ke, kufanele usebenzise ishaja ezinikele ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Amabhethri e-AGM abiza izikhathi eziphindwe kaningi kunalawo ajwayelekile, abiza kakhulu kunalawo ama-gel.

okutholakele

Noma kunezinzuzo ezibaluleke kangako, amabhethri e-gel kanye ne-AGM awakwazanga ukukhama amabhethri e-lead-acid. Lezi zokugcina zingabizi kakhulu futhi zenza umsebenzi wazo kahle emotweni. Ngisho nasenkathini ebandayo, i-350-400A yanele ukuthi i-starter iqale injini.

Emotweni, i-AGM noma amabhethri e-gel azosebenza kuphela uma kunenani elikhulu labasebenzisi abasebenzisa amandla. Ngakho-ke, bathole uhlelo olubanzi njengamadivayisi wokugcina amandla avela kumapaneli elanga, amapulazi omoya, emakhaya noma njengomthombo wamandla nakumadivayisi ahlukahlukene aphathekayo.