Ukuhambisana kwe-Antifrize
Okuqukethwe
Ukuhambisana kwe-Antifrize inikeza ukuxutshwa koketshezi olupholile oluhlukahlukene (OZH). okungukuthi, amakilasi ahlukene, imibala kanye nokucaciswa. Kodwa-ke, udinga ukungeza noma uhlanganise ama-coolants ahlukene ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele nethebula lokuhambisana ne-antifreeze. Uma singakunaki ulwazi olunikezwe lapho, khona-ke isipholile esiphumayo ngeke sihlangabezane nezindinganiso futhi ngeke sibhekane nemisebenzi eyabelwe yona (ukuvikela uhlelo lokupholisa injini yangaphakathi ekushiseni ngokweqile), futhi okubi kakhulu kuzoholela ekugqwaleni. ebusweni bezingxenye ezithile zesistimu, ukunciphisa impilo kawoyela wenjini ngo-10 ... 20%, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuze kufike ku-5%, ingozi yokubuyisela iphampu neminye imiphumela engathandeki.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-antifreeze nezici zazo
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuxuba i-antifreeze, udinga ukuqonda kangcono izinqubo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ezihambisana nezinqubo zokuxuba uketshezi olushiwo. Wonke ama-antifreeze ahlukaniswe abe yi-ethylene glycol ne-propylene glycol. Ngokulandelayo, ama-antifreeze e-ethylene glycol nawo ahlukaniswe abe yi-subspecies.
Ezweni lamazwe angemva kweSoviet, ukucaciswa okuvame kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa kwama-antifreeze yidokhumenti ekhishwe yiVolkswagen futhi enekhodi TL 774. Ngokuvumelana nayo, ama-antifreeze asetshenziswa ezimotweni zalolu hlobo ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezinhlanu - C, F, G, H kanye no-J. Umbhalo wekhodi ofanayo ubizwa ngokwentengiso njengokuthi G11, G12, G12+, G12++, G13. Yile ndlela abashayeli abavame ukukhetha ngayo i-antifreeze yemoto yabo ezweni lethu.
Amazwe ahlukene anezimiso nemithetho yawo. Uma ku-Russian Federation lokhu kuyi-GOST eyaziwa kakhulu, khona-ke e-USA yi-ASTM D 3306, i-ASTM D 4340: i-ASTM D 4985 (i-ethylene glycol-based antifreezes) ne-SAE J1034 (i-propylene glycol-based), ngokuvamile ezibhekwa ngamazwe ngamazwe. Okwe-England - BS6580:1992 (cishe kufane ne-G11 eshiwo kwa-VW), yase-Japan - JISK 2234, yase-France - AFNORNFR 15-601, yase-Germany - FWHEFTR 443, yase-Italy - CUNA, yase-Australia - ONORM.
Ngakho-ke, ama-antifreeze e-ethylene glycol nawo ahlukaniswe abe yi-subspecies eziningana. okungukuthi:
- Ngokwesiko (ene-inorganic corrosion inhibitors). Ngokuhambisana nokucaciswa kweVolkswagen, baqokwe njenge-G11. Igama labo emhlabeni jikelele lithi IAT (Inorganic Acid Technology). Zisetshenziswa emishinini enezinhlobo ezindala zezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi (ikakhulukazi lezo izingxenye zazo zenziwe kakhulu ngethusi noma ngethusi). Impilo yabo yesevisi yi-2 ... iminyaka emi-3 (akuvamile ukuba ibe ngaphezulu). Lezi zinhlobo ze-antifreeze ngokuvamile ziluhlaza noma ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Nakuba Eqinisweni, umbala awunawo umthelela oqondile wezakhiwo ze-antifreeze. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, umuntu angagxila kuphela emthunzini, kodwa angakwamukeli njengeqiniso eliwujuqu.
- I-Carboxylate (nge-organic inhibitors). Imininingwane yeVolkswagen iqokwe i-VW TL 774-D (G12, G12 +). imvamisa, zimakwa ngodayi obomvu ogqamile, kancane kancane nge-lilac-violet (incazelo ye-VW TL 774-F / G12 +, esetshenziswe yile nkampani kusukela ngo-2003). Igama lamazwe ngamazwe lithi OAT (Organic Acid Technology). Impilo yesevisi yama-coolants anjalo yi-3 ... iminyaka emi-5. Isici se-antifreeze ye-carboxylate yiqiniso lokuthi asetshenziswa ezimotweni ezintsha eziklanyelwe kuphela lolu hlobo lokupholisa. Uma uhlela ukushintshela ku-carboxylate antifreeze usuke kwendala (G11), khona-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ugeze isistimu yokupholisa kuqala ngamanzi bese uphinda ugxilise ngokugxilisa i-antifreeze. futhi buyisela zonke izimpawu namapayipi ohlelweni.
- I-Hybrid. Igama labo libangelwa ukuthi ama-antifreeze anjalo aqukethe kokubili usawoti we-carboxylic acid kanye nosawoti we-inorganic - ngokuvamile ama-silicates, ama-nitrites noma ama-phosphates. Ngokuqondene nombala, izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zingenzeka lapha, kusukela kuphuzi noma ku-orange ukuya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuhlaza. Igama lamazwe ngamazwe yi-HOAT (Hybrid Organic Acid Technology) noma iHybrid. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-hybrid abhekwa njengamabi kakhulu kune-carboxylate, abakhiqizi abaningi basebenzisa ama-antifreezes anjalo (isibonelo, i-BMW ne-Chrysler). okungukuthi, ukucaciswa kwe-BMW N600 69.0 kufana kakhulu ne-G11. nasezimotweni zakwa-BMW kuyasebenza ukucaciswa kwe-GS 94000. Kwa-Opel - Opel-GM 6277M.
- Ilobrid (igama lamazwe ngamazwe - I-Lobrid - Ingxube ephansi noma i-SOAT - Ubuchwepheshe be-Silicon obuthuthukisiwe be-Organic Acid). Aqukethe ama-organic corrosion inhibitors ahlanganiswe nama-silicon compounds. Ziyisimo sobuciko futhi zisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo ye-antifreeze enjalo ifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10 (okuvame ukusho impilo yonke yemoto). Ihlangabezana nokucaciswa kwe-VW TL 774-G / G12++. Ngokuqondene nombala, ngokuvamile zibomvu, nsomi noma i-lilac.
Kodwa-ke, esimanje kakhulu futhi ethuthuke kakhulu namuhla ama-antifreeze asekelwe ku-propylene glycol. Lobu tshwala buphephile emvelweni nakubantu. Ivamise ukuba nombala ophuzi noma owolintshi (nakuba kungase kube nokunye ukuhluka).
Iminyaka yokusebenza kwamazinga ahlukahlukene ngeminyaka
Ukuhambisana kwama-antifreeze phakathi kwabo
Ngemva kokubhekana nokucaciswa okukhona nezici zabo, ungadlulela embuzweni wokuthi yiziphi ama-antifreezes angaxutshwa, nokuthi kungani ezinye zezinhlobo ezisohlwini akufanele zixutshwe nhlobo. Umthetho oyisisekelo okufanele uwukhumbule ukugcwalisa kuvunyelwe (ukuxuba) ama-antifreeze okungowawo hhayi nje ikilasi elilodwa, kodwa futhi ekhiqizwa umenzi ofanayo (uphawu lokuhweba). Kungenxa yokuthi naphezu kokufana kwezakhi zamakhemikhali, amabhizinisi ahlukene asasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene, izinqubo kanye nezithasiselo emsebenzini wabo. Ngakho-ke, lapho zixubene, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kungenzeka, umphumela wawo kuyoba ukungathathi hlangothi kwezakhiwo zokuzivikela ze-coolant ewumphumela.
| I-Antifreeze ukuze ugcwalise | I-antifreeze ohlelweni lokupholisa | ||||
| G11 | G12 | G12 + | G12 ++ | G13 | |
| G11 | |||||
| G12 | |||||
| G12 + | |||||
| G12 ++ | |||||
| G13 | |||||
Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele lokho ezinye izigaba ze-antifreeze empeleni azihambisani ndawonye! Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, amakilasi okupholisa i-G11 ne-G12 awakwazi ukuxutshwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuxuba amakilasi e-G11 ne-G12 +, kanye ne-G12 ++ ne-G13 kuvunyelwe. Kuyafaneleka ukungeza lapha ukuthi ukufaka ama-antifreezes amakilasi ahlukahlukene kuvunyelwe kuphela ukusebenza kwengxube isikhathi esifushane. Okusho ukuthi, ezimweni lapho kungekho uketshezi olushintshayo olufanelekile. Ithiphu yendawo yonke ukungeza uhlobo lwe-antifreeze G12+ noma amanzi acwecwe. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokuqala, kufanele usule isistimu yokupholisa futhi ugcwalise isipholile esituswe umenzi.
futhi unentshisekelo kwabaningi ukuhambisana "Tosol" kanye antifreeze. Sizowuphendula ngokushesha lo mbuzo - AKUKWENZEKI ukuxuba lesi sipholisa sasekhaya nezipholile ezintsha zesimanje. Lokhu kungenxa yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali "Tosol". Ngaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi lolu ketshezi lwakhiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa ama-radiators enziwe ngethusi nangethusi. Yilokho kanye okwenziwa abakhiqizi bezimoto e-USSR. Nokho, ezimotweni zanamuhla zakwamanye amazwe, ama-radiator enziwe nge-aluminium. Ngakho-ke, ama-antifreeze akhethekile athuthukiswa bona. Futhi ukwakheka kwe "Tosol" kuyingozi kubo.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi akunconywa ukushayela isikhathi eside kunoma iyiphi ingxube, ngisho neyodwa engeke ilimaze uhlelo lokupholisa lwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi yemoto. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingxube akenzi imisebenzi yokuzivikelaezinikezwe i-antifreeze. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uhlelo kanye nezakhi zalo zingase zibe nokugqwala, noma zithuthukise insiza yazo kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kuyadingeka ukufaka esikhundleni sesipholisa, ngemva kokugeza uhlelo lokupholisa ngezindlela ezifanele.
Indlela yokuhlanza isistimu yokupholisa injini?
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Ekuqhubekeni kwesihloko sokugezwa kwesistimu yokupholisa, kufanelekile ukugxila kafushane ekusetshenzisweni kokugxilisa ingqondo. Ngakho-ke, abanye abakhiqizi bemishini yomshini batusa ukwenza ukuhlanza kwezigaba eziningi usebenzisa i-antifreeze egxilile. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokuhlanza uhlelo ngama-ejenti okuhlanza, i-MAN incoma ukuhlanza ngesisombululo sokugxilisa esingu-60% esigabeni sokuqala, no-10% kwesibili. Ngemva kwalokho, gcwalisa isipholile esingu-50% esivele sisebenza ohlelweni lokupholisa.
Kodwa-ke, ngobuchwepheshe kuzoba nekhono ngokwengeziwe ukusebenzisa nokuxuba lawo ma-antifreeze ukuthobelana nokubekezelelana komkhiqizi imoto yakho (hhayi lezo eziye zamukelwa yiVolkswagen, futhi sezicishe zaba yizinga lethu). Ubunzima lapha bulele, okokuqala, ekufuneni ngokunembile lezi zidingo. Futhi okwesibili, akuwona wonke amaphakheji we-antifreeze abonisa ukuthi isekela ukucaciswa okuthile, nakuba lokhu kungase kube njalo. Kodwa uma kungenzeka, landela imithetho nezimfuneko ezisungulwe umenzi wemoto yakho.
Ukuhambisana kwe-antifreeze ngombala
Ngaphambi kokuphendula umbuzo wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuxuba i-antifreeze yemibala ehlukene, sidinga ukubuyela ezincazelweni zokuthi ayini amakilasi ama-antifreeze. Khumbula ukuthi kunemithetho ecacile mayelana kufanele kube umbala onjani lokhu noma lolo ketshezi, cha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi ngabanye banokuhlukana kwabo kulokhu. Nokho, ngokomlando, ama-antifreeze amaningi e-G11 aluhlaza (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), i-G12, G12+ ne-G12++ abomvu (apinki), kanti i-G13 iphuzi (iwolintshi).
Ngakho-ke, ezinye izenzo kufanele zibe nezigaba ezimbili. Ekuqaleni, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi umbala we-antifreeze ufana nekilasi elichazwe ngenhla. Uma kungenjalo, kufanele uqondiswe ulwazi olunikezwe esigabeni esandulele. Uma imibala ifanelana, khona-ke udinga ukucabanga ngendlela efanayo. Okusho ukuthi, awukwazi ukuxuba okuluhlaza (G11) nokubomvu (G12). Ngokuqondene nezinye izinhlanganisela, ungaxuba ngokuphepha (okuluhlaza ngokuphuzi nokubomvu nokuphuzi, okungukuthi, i-G11 ene-G13 ne-G12 ne-G13, ngokulandelana). Kodwa-ke, kukhona okuhlukile lapha, njengoba ama-antifreeze amakilasi G12 + kanye ne-G12 ++ nawo anobomvu (umbala obomvana), kodwa angabuye axutshwe ne-G11 ne-G13.
Ukuhambisana kwe-Antifrize
Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukusho "i-Tosol". Enguqulweni yakudala, ifika ngemibala emibili - eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ("Tosol OZH-40") nobomvu ("Tosol OZH-65"). Ngokwemvelo, kulokhu akunakwenzeka ukuxuba uketshezi, naphezu kokuthi umbala ufanelekile.
Futhi zama ukuxuba ama-antifreeze angeyona nje eyesigaba esifanayo, kodwa futhi akhishwe ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo ofanayo. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa futhi ukuthi akukho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuyingozi. futhi, ngaphambi kokwengeza i-antifreeze eyodwa noma enye ohlelweni lokupholisa injini yemoto yakho, ungenza isivivinyo futhi uhlole lezi ziphuzo ezimbili ukuthi ziyahambisana yini.
Ungahlola kanjani ukuhambisana kwe-antifreeze
Ukuhlola ukuhambisana kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-antifreeze akunzima nhlobo, ngisho nasekhaya noma egaraji. Yiqiniso, indlela echazwe ngezansi ngeke inikeze isiqinisekiso esingu-100%, kodwa ngokubukeka kusengenzeka ukuhlola ukuthi isipholile esisodwa singasebenza kanjani engxubeni eyodwa nenye.
okungukuthi, indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthatha isampula yoketshezi olukhona njengamanje ohlelweni lokupholisa imoto bese luxuba nalolo okuhlelwe ukuthi lufakwe phezulu. Ungathatha isampula ngesirinji noma usebenzise imbobo yokukhipha i-antifreeze.
Ngemva kokuba unesitsha esinoketshezi okufanele sihlolwe ezandleni zakho, engeza cishe inani elifanayo le-antifreeze kuso ohlela ukuyengeza ohlelweni, bese ulinda imizuzu embalwa (cishe 5 ... 10 imizuzu). Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali anobudlova kungenzeki ngesikhathi sokuxuba, igwebu alizange livele ebusweni bengxube, futhi i-sediment ayizange iwele phansi, khona-ke cishe ama-antifreezes awangqubuzani. Uma kungenjalo (uma okungenani eyodwa yezimo ezisohlwini izibonakalisa), kufanelekile ukulahla umqondo wokusebenzisa kabi i-antifreeze eshiwo njengoketshezi oluphezulu. Ukuhlola ukuhambisana okulungile, ungashisisa ingxube ibe ngama-80-90 degrees.
Izincomo ezijwayelekile zokugcwalisa i-antifreeze
Okokugcina, nanka amanye amaqiniso ajwayelekile mayelana nokuqongelela phezulu, okuzoba usizo kunoma yimuphi umshayeli ukuba azi.
- Uma imoto isetshenziswa i-radiator yethusi noma yethusi ngamabhulokhi e-ice-cast iron, khona-ke i-antifreeze yekilasi ye-G11 elula kunazo zonke (imvamisa eluhlaza noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa lokhu kufanele kucaciswe ephaketheni) kufanele ithululelwe kusistimu yayo yokupholisa. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu semishini enjalo yi-VAZ yasekhaya yamamodeli wakudala.
- Esimeni lapho irediyetha nezinye izakhi zesistimu yokupholisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi i-aluminium nama-alloys ayo (futhi iningi lezimoto zesimanje, ikakhulukazi izimoto zakwamanye amazwe, zinjalo), khona-ke “njengepholile” udinga ukusebenzisa ama-antifreeze athuthuke kakhulu okumakilasi e-G12 noma e-G12 +. Zivamise ukuba nombala opinki noma osawolintshi. Ezimotweni ezintsha kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezemidlalo kanye nesigaba esiphezulu, ungasebenzisa izinhlobo ze-lobrid antifreeze G12 ++ noma i-G13 (lolu lwazi kufanele lucaciswe kumadokhumenti okusebenza noma kumanuwali).
- Uma kwenzeka ungazi ukuthi hlobo luni lokupholisa okwamanje oluthelwa ohlelweni, futhi izinga lalo lehle kakhulu, ungangeza noma kufika ku-200 ml wamanzi acwengekile noma i-G12+ antifreeze. Uketshezi lwalolu hlobo luhambisana nazo zonke izinto zokupholisa ezibalwe ngenhla.
- Ngokuvamile, ngomsebenzi wesikhashana, ungakwazi ukuxuba noma iyiphi i-antifreeze, ngaphandle kwe-Tosol yasekhaya, nanoma iyiphi into epholile, futhi awukwazi ukuxuba ama-antifreeze ohlobo lwe-G11 ne-G12. Ukuqanjwa kwazo kuhlukile, ngakho-ke ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuxuba akukwazi nje ukuqeda imiphumela yokuvikela yezipholile ezibaluliwe, kodwa futhi kucekele phansi izigxivizo zenjoloba kanye / noma amapayipi ohlelweni. Futhi khumbula lokho awukwazi ukushayela isikhathi eside ngenhlanganisela yama-antifreeze ahlukene! Hlanza isistimu yokupholisa ngokushesha futhi ugcwalise kabusha ngesinqamuleli sokuqanda esinconywe umenzi wemoto yakho.
- Inketho ekahle yokugcwalisa (ukuxuba) i-antifreeze iwukuthi usebenzisa umkhiqizo ovela ku-canister efanayo (amabhodlela). Okusho ukuthi, uthenga isitsha somthamo omkhulu, futhi ugcwalise ingxenye yaso kuphela (okuningi njengoba kudinga uhlelo). Futhi lonke uketshezi noma isitolo egalaji noma baphathe nawe esiqwini. Ngakho-ke awusoze waphutha ngokukhetha kwe-antifreeze yokufaka phezulu. Kodwa-ke, lapho i-canister iphela, kuyanconywa ukuthi usule isistimu yokupholisa injini yangaphakathi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isinqandi-qhwa esisha.
Ukuthobela le mithetho elula kuzokuvumela ukuthi ugcine uhlelo lokupholisa injini yangaphakathi lusesimweni sokusebenza isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, khumbula ukuthi uma i-antifreeze ingenzi imisebenzi yayo, khona-ke lokhu kugcwele ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ukwehla kokuphila kwamafutha enjini, ingozi yokugqwala endaweni yangaphakathi yezingxenye zesistimu yokupholisa, kuze kube sekubhujisweni.
