Impi yaseSoviet-Finnish
Enye ye-30 Sturmgeschütz 40 (StG III Ausf. G) eyalethwa eFinland ngoJulayi-Septhemba 1943. Lena enye yezimoto eziyishumi ezakhiwe yi-Altmärkische Kettenwerk GmbH (Alkett) esuka eBerlin; Ezinye eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye zakhiwe yi-MIAG evela e-Braunschweig futhi eyodwa i-MAN evela e-Nuremberg. Imoto eboniswe esithombeni yacekela phansi i-firebox ye-T-19 kanye nesibhamu esisodwa esizishayelayo se-ISU-34 ngaphambi kokucekelwa phansi ngoJulayi 152. Zonke izimoto, kanye nezinye ezalethwa ngo-1944 ngo-29, zazisebenza eFinnish Panzer Division (Panssaridivisioona), zisemotweni yamasosha (Panssariprikaati), eqenjini labo lezibhamu (Rynnäkkötykkipataljoona).
IFinland yayifuna ukugwema impi, kodwa entwasahlobo ka-1941 yazithola isesimeni esinzima kakhulu. Izungezwe izitha nhlangothi zonke: ukusuka empumalanga naseningizimu - yiSoviet Union, ukusuka entshonalanga - amaJalimane athatha iNorway, kanye nengxenye esentshonalanga yogu lweBaltic - ukusuka eDenmark ehlaselwe edabula indawo yayo kuya ogwini lwasePoland. . Lo mbuthano ononya wawuhlanganisa neSweden, okwakudingeka inikeze iJalimane ngezinto zokusetshenziswa, ngaphandle kwalokho ...
ISweden yakwazi ukungathathi hlangothi, kodwa iFinland ayizange. Ithunjwe yi-USSR, yalwa impi elinganiselwe - ilinganiselwe endaweni elahlekile empini yasebusika ka-1939-1940. IFinland ngo-1941 yayinomgomo owodwa kuphela: ukusinda. Iziphathimandla zezwe zazazi kahle ukuthi ngisho nalokhu kwakuyoba nzima kakhulu esimweni iFinland eyazithola ikuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kuka-June 15 no-21, 1940, i-Red Army yangena emazweni amathathu aseBaltic futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho yahlanganisa iLithuania, iLatvia ne-Estonia eSoviet Union. IFinland neSweden kuphela abasala emabhokisini okuhlola aseJalimane-Soviet, kodwa yiFinland kuphela eyayinomngcele ne-USSR kanye nobude obude kakhulu - ngaphezu kwe-1200 km. ISweden yayisengozini encane: iSoviet Union kwakudingeka inqobe iFinland kuqala ukuze ifike lapho.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuthunjwa Kwezizwe ZaseBaltic, ukucindezela kweSoviet eFinland kwaqala kabusha. Okokuqala, izwe lacelwa ukuba lidlulise noma iyiphi impahla egudlukayo eyasuswa endaweni yezempi yaseHanko emnyango weGulf of Finland, i-USSR eyathatha iminyaka eyi-10 ngenxa yeMpi Yasebusika. IFinland ivumile kuleli phuzu. Ivumele esinye isidingo - ukuchithwa kweziqhingi zase-Åland ekungeneni kweGulf of Bothnia, ephakathi kwe-Finnish Turku ne-Stockholm yaseSweden. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iFinland ayizange ivume ukuxhashazwa ngokuhlanganyela (noma ngokuphelele kweSoviet) kwe-nickel deposits kanye nesitshalo se-nickel e-Kolosjoki, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi idolobhana laseNikel, ngasogwini lolwandle i-Arctic Ocean ogwini olusenyakatho yeFinland, ngesicelo se-USSR ngoJanuwari 29, 1941. ukuhamba ngokukhululekile kwezitimela zaseSoviet zisuka eLeningrad (manje eyiSt. Petersburg) ziya eHanko, lapho isizinda sezempi saseRussia esiqashwe yiRussia singesinye sezikhundla ezivimba indlela yokungena eGulf of Finland. Izitimela zaseSoviet zingahamba kalula kunethiwekhi yaseFinland, njengoba iFinland isenayo igeji ebanzi, i-1524 mm (ePoland kanye neningi laseYurophu - 1435 mm).
Izenzo ezinjalo ze-USSR zaphonsela iFinland ezandleni ze-Third Reich, ngoba kwakuyizwe kuphela elalingakwazi ukunikeza usizo lwangempela lwezempi eFinland uma kwenzeka kuba nempi entsha neSoviet Union. Kulesi simo, uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseFinland u-Rolf Witting wazise Inxusa LaseJalimane e-Helsinki, u-Wipert von Blücher, ukuthi iFinland ivulekele ukusebenzisana neJalimane. Masingahluleli iFinland kalula - wayengenayo enye indlela. Ngandlela thize, umbono womphakathi waseFinland wawukholelwa ukuthi mhlawumbe iJalimane yayizolisiza izwe labo ukuba libuyisele izindawo ezazilahlekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iJalimane yayifuna ukuba iFinland ibambisane nabo ngasese, kodwa ilondoloze ukungathathi hlangothi - ngaleso sikhathi impi ne-USSR yayingakahlelwa, ngakho babengafuni ukunikeza amathemba amanga. Okwesibili, lapho i-Operation Barbarossa iqala ekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1940, kwakuhlelwe ukuthi kwandiswe imingcele yezwe ogwini loLwandle Olumhlophe futhi kubuyiselwe imingcele eKarelia kanye nesifunda saseLadoga Lake esasikhona ngaphambi kweMpi Yasebusika. Izifundo ngalolu daba zenziwa ngaphandle kokubonisana neFinland, eyayingazi ngalezi zinhlelo.
Ngo-August 17, 1940, uLieutenant Colonel Josef Veltjens wahlangana noMkhuzi Omkhulu Wezempi YaseFinland - uMarshal Gustav Mannerheim - futhi wabhekisela emandleni ommeli ovela kuHermann Goering, ethula iFinland ngesiphakamiso: IJalimane ingathanda ukuthutha izimpahla zamasosha ukuze INorway ngokusebenzisa iFinland futhi baqinisekise ukujikeleza kwabo ezingosini zaseNorway, futhi ngokubuyisela, bangathengisa iFinland imishini yezempi eyidingayo. Ingafuni ukufulathela okuwukuphela komngane owayengase akwazi ukunikeza ukusekelwa kwangempela, iFinland yaya esivumelwaneni esifanayo. Yiqiniso, iSoviet Union yazwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngokushesha kulokhu kuphenduka kwezenzakalo. Ngo-Okthoba 2, 1940, uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle WaseSoviet uVyacheslav Molotov wafuna ehhovisi lenxusa laseJalimane umbhalo ogcwele wesivumelwano esayiniwe nazo zonke izinamathiselo, kuhlanganise neziyimfihlo. AmaJalimane alulaza lolu daba, ethi kwakuyisivumelwano sobuchwepheshe nje esingabalulekile kwezombusazwe noma kwezempi. Yiqiniso, ukudayiswa kwezikhali eFinland kwakungabalulekile.
Abanye bathi lesi sivumelwano nokusondelana okwengeziwe neJalimane kwabangela i-USSR ukuthi ihlasele iFinland ngoJuni 25, 1941. Eqinisweni, cishe, kwakungenye indlela. UMarshal Mannerheim uveze umbono ofanayo esitatimendeni sakhe. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ukube kwakungengenxa yokusondelana neJalimane, ekwindla ka-1940 i-USSR yayizohlasela iFinland. IFinland bekulindeleke ukuthi ilandele ngemuva kweBessarabia yaseRomania kanye neNorthern Bukovina kanye nezifunda zaseBaltic. Phakathi nengxenye esele ka-1940, iFinland yayifuna uhlobo oluthile lwesiqinisekiso esivela eJalimane uma kwenzeka kuba nokuhlasela kweSoviet. Kuze kube sekugcineni, uMajor General Paavo Talvela waya eBerlin izikhathi eziningana, exoxisana nezikhulu ezihlukahlukene zaseJalimane, kuhlanganise noMphathi Omkhulu Wezisebenzi, uColonel K. Franz Halder.
