Ithangi elisindayo laseSoviet i-T-10 ingxenye 1
Ithangi le-Object 267 liwumfanekiso wethangi elisindayo le-T-10A elinesibhamu se-D-25T.
Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, kwasungulwa amathangi amaningi asindayo eSoviet Union. Phakathi kwabo kwaba yimpumelelo kakhulu (isibonelo, IS-7) kanye non-standard kakhulu (isibonelo, Object 279) ukuthuthukiswa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, ngoFebhuwari 18, 1949, kwasayinwa iSinqumo SoMkhandlu WeziNgqongqoshe No. Lokhu kwagqugquzelwa ukuzimisela ukusebenzisa izinkundla zikaloliwe ezijwayelekile zokuthutha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamabhuloho emigwaqo eminingi.
Bekukhona nezizathu ezingadalulwanga. Okokuqala, babefuna izindlela zokunciphisa izindleko zezikhali, futhi ithangi elisindayo lalibiza imali elingana namathangi aphakathi nendawo. Okwesibili, kuya ngokuya kukholelwa ukuthi uma kwenzeka impi yenuzi, impilo yesevisi yanoma yisiphi isikhali, kuhlanganise namathangi, izoba mfushane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kwakungcono ukuba namathangi aphakathi nendawo futhi ugcwalise ngokushesha ukulahlekelwa kwawo kunokutshala amathangi aphelele, kodwa amancane, asindayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwenqaba kwamathangi asindayo ezakhiweni zesikhathi esizayo zamabutho ahlomile kwakungeke kwenzeke kujenene. Umphumela walokhu kwaba ukuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane esisha samathangi asindayo, ubukhulu bawo obuhluke kancane kusuka kumathangi aphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko esheshayo emkhakheni wezikhali iye yaholela esimweni esingalindelekile. Nokho, ngokwamandla okulwa, amathangi aphakathi nendawo asheshe abanjwe nasindayo. Babenezibhamu ezingu-100 mm, kodwa umsebenzi wawuqhubeka kuhlobo lwe-115 mm namagobolondo anesivinini esikhulu somlomo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amathangi asindayo kwadingeka izibhamu osezingeni 122-130 mm, futhi imizamo ukusebenzisa izibhamu 152-mm kwafakazela ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuwahlanganisa amathangi enesisindo esingafika amathani 60.
Le nkinga isisingathwe ngezindlela ezimbili. Esokuqala kwaba ukwakhiwa kwezibhamu ezizishayelayo (namuhla igama elithi "izimoto zokusekela umlilo" zingafanelana nale miklamo) ngezikhali eziyinhloko ezinamandla emibhoshongweni ezungezayo, kodwa enezikhali ezincane. Okwesibili kungaba ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali ezicitshwayo, eziqondiswayo nezingaqondisiwe. Kodwa-ke, isisombululo sokuqala asizange siqinisekise abenzi bezinqumo zezempi, futhi okwesibili kwaba nzima ukusisebenzisa ngokushesha ngenxa yezizathu eziningi.
Okuwukuphela kwenketho kwakuwukukhawulela izidingo zamathangi asindayo, i.e. yemukela iqiniso lokuthi bazodlula kancane amathangi aphakathi nendawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwaba nokwenzeka ukuphinda kusetshenziswe intuthuko ethembisayo ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe Enkulu futhi uyisebenzisele ukwakha ithangi elisha, elingcono kune-IS-3 ne-IS-4. Amathangi azo zombili lezi zinhlobo akhiqizwa ngemva kokuphela kwempi, eyokuqala ngo-1945-46, eyesibili ngo-1947-49 futhi yachazwa esihlokweni esanyatheliswa ku-"Wojsko i Technika Historia" No. 3/2019. Kwakhiqizwa cishe ama-IS-3 angu-2300 4, futhi kwakungama-IS-244 kuphela angu-5300. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ekupheleni kwempi, iRed Army yayinamathangi asindayo angu-2700 3 kanye nezibhamu ezizishayayo eziyizi-4 XNUMX. Izizathu zokwehla kokukhiqizwa kwakho kokubili i-IS-XNUMX kanye ne-IS-XNUMX bezifana - akekho kuzo owaphumelela kulokho obekulindele.
Umanduleli wethangi le-T-10 yithangi elisindayo le-IS-3.
Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yesinqumo sikahulumeni ngo-February 1949, umsebenzi waqala ethangini ezohlanganisa izinzuzo IS-3 futhi IS-4, hhayi ifa amaphutha kokubili imiklamo. Kwakufanele asebenzise umklamo we-hull kanye ne-turret kusukela kweyokuqala kanye neningi lesikhungo samandla kusukela kwesibili. Kube nesinye isizathu sokuthi kungani ithangi lingakhiwanga kusukela ekuqaleni: kwakungenxa yezinsuku zokugcina eziqine ngendlela emangalisayo.
Amathangi amathathu okuqala kwakufanele aphumelele ukuhlolwa kombuso ngo-August 1949, i.e. izinyanga eziyisithupha (!) kusukela ekuqaleni komklamo. Ezinye izimoto ezingu-10 kwakufanele zibe sezilungile ngenyanga, isimiso sasingenangqondo neze, futhi umsebenzi waba nzima nakakhulu ngesinqumo sokuthi ithimba le-Ż kufanele liklame imoto. Kotin evela eLeningrad, futhi ukukhiqizwa kuzokwenziwa esitshalweni saseChelyabinsk. Ngokuvamile, ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi kwabaklami nochwepheshe abasebenza ngaphakathi kwenkampani efanayo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi ngokushesha.
Kulokhu, umzamo wenziwa ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokuthumela uKotin neqembu lonjiniyela eChelyabinsk, kanye nokuthumela lapho, futhi kusukela eLeningrad, ithimba lonjiniyela abangu-41 besikhungo se-VNII-100, esasiholwa futhi. Kotin. Izizathu zalokhu "kuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi" azikacaciswanga. Ngokuvamile kuchazwa isimo esibi se-LKZ (i-Leningradskoye Kirovskoye), eyayilulama kancane kancane ekuphumeni kancane kanye nomsebenzi "olambile" edolobheni elivinjezelwe. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-ChKZ (I-Chelyabinsk Kirov Plant) yayilayishwe ngaphansi kwama-oda okukhiqiza, kodwa ithimba layo lokwakha lalibhekwa njengelingakulungele ukulwa kuneLeningrad.
Iphrojekthi entsha yabelwa "Chelyabinsk", i.e. inombolo 7 - Object 730, kodwa mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okuhlangene, i-IS-5 (okungukuthi uJoseph Stalin-5) yayivame ukusetshenziswa emibhalweni, nakuba yayivame ukunikezwa kuphela ngemva kokuba ithangi lifakwe enkonzweni.
Umklamo wokuqala wawulungile ekuqaleni kuka-April, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezixazululo esezilungile zemihlangano emikhulu nemincane. Amathangi okuqala amabili abezothola u-gearbox oyi-6 speed ophuma ku-IS-4 kanye ne-cooling system enabalandeli eshayelwa injini enkulu. Kodwa-ke, abaklami baseLeningrad abakwazanga ukumelana nokwethula izixazululo ezenzelwe i-IS-7 ekwakhiweni komshini.
Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba zazingezanamuhla futhi zithembisa, futhi zahlolwa futhi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-IS-7. Ngakho-ke, ithangi lesithathu bekufanele lithole i-gearbox engu-8-speed, i-pack torsion bars ohlelweni lokunciphisa inani, isistimu yokupholisa injini ye-ejector kanye nomshini wokusiza ukulayisha. I-IS-4 yayifakwe i-chassis enamasondo ayisikhombisa amasondo agijimayo, injini, uphethiloli kanye nesistimu yamabhuleki, njll. I-hull yayifana ne-IS-3, kodwa yayibanzi kakhulu, i-turret nayo yayinomthamo omkhulu wangaphakathi. Izikhali eziyinhloko - inganono engu-25-mm D-122TA enezinhlamvu ezihlukene zokulayisha - yayifana nakumathangi amadala azo zombili izinhlobo. Izinhlamvu zaziyimizuliswano engama-30.
Izikhali ezengeziwe bekuyizibhamu ezimbili ezingu-12,7 mm DShKM. Esinye sasifakwe kwesokudla sengubo yesibhamu futhi sasisetshenziselwa ukudubula ezindaweni ezimisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isibhamu simiswe ngendlela efanele futhi inhlamvu yokuqala ishaye kwelitshe. Isibhamu somshini sesibili bekuyi-anti-aircraft ene-K-10T collimator sight. Isiteshi somsakazo esijwayelekile i-10RT-26E kanye ne-TPU-47-2 intercom zifakwe njengendlela yokuxhumana.
Ngo-May 15, imodeli yobukhulu bokuphila yethangi yethulwa kukhomishana kahulumeni, ngoMeyi 18, imidwebo ye-hull kanye ne-turret yadluliselwa ukutshala No. 200 e-Chelyabinsk, futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva ukutshala No. eChelyabinsk. I-Izhora plant eLeningrad. Isikhungo sikagesi ngaleso sikhathi sahlolwa kuma-IS-4 amabili angalayishiwe - ngoJulayi base behambe amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-2000. Nokho, kwavela ukuthi amasethi amabili okuqala "ama-armored hulls", i.e. ama-hulls nama-turrets alethwa esitshalweni sekwephuzile, kusukela ngo-Agasti 9, futhi zazingekho izinjini ze-W12-5, izinhlelo zokupholisa nezinye izinto. izingxenye zabo noma kunjalo. Ngaphambilini, izinjini ze-W12 zazisetshenziswa emathangeni e-IS-4.
Injini yayiyisimanje se-W-2 eyaziwa futhi efakazelwe, i.e. shayela ithangi eliphakathi T-34. Isakhiwo sayo, usayizi kanye nokushaywa kwe-cylinder, amandla, njll., kulondoloziwe. Umehluko obalulekile kuphela kwakuwukusetshenziswa kwe-AM42K mechanical compressor, ehlinzeka injini ngomoya ngengcindezi engu-0,15 MPa. Uphethiloli wawungu-460 litres emathangini angaphakathi kanye namalitha angu-300 emathangini angaphandle asemakhoneni amabili, afakwe unomphela engxenyeni engemuva ye-hull njengokuqhubeka kwezivikelo eziseceleni. Ububanzi bethangi bekufanele bube ukusuka ku-120 kuye ku-200 km, kuye ngokuthi indawo ikuphi.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-prototype yokuqala ye-tank esindayo entsha isilungile kuphela ngo-September 14, 1949, okusewumphumela othakazelisayo, ngoba umsebenzi waqala ngokusemthethweni kusukela ekuqaleni maphakathi no-February, wathatha izinyanga eziyisikhombisa kuphela.
Ukuhlolwa kwefekthri kuqale ngomhlaka-22 Septhemba kodwa kwadingeka ukuba uyekwe ngokushesha njengoba ukudlidliza kwe-fuselage kwabangela ukuba amathangi kaphethiloli angaphakathi e-aluminiyamu yezinga lendiza aqhekeke eduze kwamashisela. Ngemva kokuguqulwa kwabo ensimbi, ukuhlolwa kwaqala kabusha, kodwa elinye ikhefu labangelwa ukwehluleka kokubili kokushayela kokugcina, ama-shafts ayinhloko okwavela ukuthi amancane futhi agobile futhi asontekile ngaphansi komthwalo. Sekukonke, ithangi lalimboze u-1012 km futhi lathunyelwa ukuze lilungiswe futhi lilungiswe, nakuba i-mileage bekufanele ibe okungenani i-2000 km.
Ngokuhambisanayo, kwakukhona ukudiliva izingxenye zamanye amathangi angu-11, kodwa ngokuvamile ayengenasici. Isibonelo, kuma-turret castings angu-13 ahlinzekwe yiPlant No.
Ukuze usindise lesi simo, amasethi amabili wamagiya weplanethi anesivinini esiyisishiyagalombili kanye nama-clutch ahlobene athunyelwa esuka eLeningrad, nakuba ayeklanyelwe injini ye-IS-7 enamandla acishe abe kabili. Ngo-Okthoba 15, uStalin wasayina isimemezelo esisha sikahulumeni entweni 730. Ithole inombolo engu-701-270ss futhi yanikeza ukuqedwa kwamathangi amabili okuqala ngoNovemba 25, kanye nokuqedwa kokuhlolwa kwefekthri yabo ngoJanuwari 1, 1950. NgoDisemba 10, isikebhe esisodwa kanye ne-turret kwakuzohlolwa ukudubula. Ngo-April 7, kwakuzokwenziwa amanye amathangi amathathu ngokulungiswa okusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwasefekthri, futhi ayezoba isihloko sokuhlolwa kombuso.
NgoJuni 7, kucatshangelwa izivivinyo zombuso, amanye amathangi ayi-10 ahloselwe lokho okubizwa. ukuvivinywa kwezempi. Usuku lokugcina lwalungenangqondo ngokuphelele: kwakuzothatha izinsuku ezingu-10 ukwenza izivivinyo zombuso, ukuhlaziya imiphumela yabo, ukulungisa umklamo nokwenza amathangi ayi-90! Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izivivinyo zombuso ngokwazo ngokuvamile zazithatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha!
Njengenjwayelo, umnqamulajuqu wokuqala kuphela owahlangatshezwana nobunzima: ama-prototypes amabili anezinombolo ze-serial 909A311 kanye ne-909A312 ayelungile ngoNovemba 16, 1949. Ukuhlolwa kwefekthri kubonise imiphumela engalindelekile: naphezu kokukopishwa kwegiya eligijima le-serial IS-4 tank, ama-hydraulic shock absorbers amasondo agijimayo, amasilinda we-hydraulic wezingalo ze-rocker, ngisho nezindawo ezigijima zamasondo ngokwazo zawa ngokushesha! Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinjini wasebenza kahle futhi, ngaphandle ukwehluleka okukhulu, wanikeza izimoto mileage 3000 futhi 2200 km, ngokulandelana. Njengendaba ephuthumayo, amasethi amasha amasondo agijimayo enziwe ngensimbi engu-27STT kanye nensimbi engu-L36 ukuze athathe indawo ye-L30 eyayisetshenziswa ngaphambilini. Umsebenzi usuqalile nakumasondo ane-internal shock absorption.
