ISkyactiv X enomklomelo wezobuchwepheshe bezimoto nezemidlalo

Injini yasesiteji iMazda iwina uMsunguli weMedia Paul Pietsch Award

Njalo ngonyaka imotor yabezindaba yezemidlalo yethula umklomelo wamazwe omhlaba uPaul Pitch wokuqamba ubuchwepheshe. Ngesikhathi ukuhamba kwamandla kagesi kuya ngokuya kuthathwa njengokufaka indawo yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, umklomelo kaPaul Pietsch 2020 ukhishwe ngenjini enjalo yokushisa. Noma kunjalo, inomlingiswa we-avant-garde. Ayikho enye inkampani ezuze ukuhlanganiswa kwe-homogenization njengakwinjini kaphethiloli kanye nokuzimela njengakwinjini kadizili, ngezinzuzo zazo zombili izinhlobo zezinjini kwimodeli yokukhiqiza. Lesi yisikhathi sokuphinda ngikutshele mayelana nokuthi lezi zinsiza kusebenza kanjani.

Ngomfutho womjovo kaphethiloli njengasenjinini kadizili, i-spark plug ignition, ukuzithungela, "λ" ehlala ishintsha, i-Skyactiv X iwuguquko ngempela embonini yezimoto.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwenjini yakwaMazda ye-HCCI kubuyela emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kwengama-30 futhi kusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni okujulile kwe-petroli ekwakhiweni kwenjini yakwaWankel. Izizukulwane eziningana zonjiniyela ziqeqeshiwe ngalesi sizathu, okudala izinhlungu eziningi zekhanda nezinkinga, kepha futhi kuletha ulwazi oluningi.

Kwakusekujuleni kwenjini ye-rotary lapho kutholakala khona ama-prototypes okuqala emishini enokuxuba okulinganayo kanye nokuzithungela. Injini ye-Wankel futhi isebenza njengenkundla yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obuhlobene ne-turbo - lena i-RX-7, eyethula ama-turbocharger e-VNT, ama-twin-jet turbines kanye ne-cascade refueling enjini kaphethiloli eyayisetshenziswa kuphela i-Porsche.

Izinto zemfihlo

Kodwa-ke, isisekelo esiqondile se-Skyactiv X yamanje iyisizukulwane esisha esivele sifakazelwe semishini kaphethiloli i-Skyactiv G ne-Skyactiv D. Uma ubheka izixazululo ezivezwe kule mishini, nakanjani uzothola ukuthi ngokwezinga elithile “ziyafezeka”. “Embonini entsha ye-SPCCI, ngolwazi olutholwe ekuhlaziyeni amagumba avuthayo ukuze kugeleze isiyaluyalu.

Ngokwale mbono, ukusebenza kahle kweSkyactiv X kudlula ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kaphethiloli eyi-2ZR-FXE enikwa amandla yiToyota Prius (esebenzisa umjikelezo we-Atkinson) ngamaphesenti angama-39, kodwa iMazda uqobo iyazi ukuthi leli phuzu eliphezulu alibalulekile iphuzu. Isikhathi esiningi injini isebenza umthwalo ongaphelele futhi ukusebenza kahle okuphakathi kwenjini kaphethiloli kwehla kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ezimweni eziningi iSkyactiv X isebenza nge-valve evulekile ebabazekayo, ukulahleka kwepompo kuncishiswa kakhulu futhi ukusebenza okuphakathi kuyanda. Lokhu, kuhlanganiswe nesilinganiso sokucindezelwa okuphezulu, kuholela ekwandeni ngokuhlanganyela kokusebenza kahle.

Impumelelo enkulu ngonjiniyela beMazda iqiniso lokuthi iSkyactiv X yabo isebenza ngendlela ehambelana nayo futhi ezishisayo ebangeni elikhulu kakhulu lejubane nemithwalo. Ngokwenzayo, ihlanganisa izinqubo ezisetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ezinjinini zikadizili nophethiloli, kodwa futhi zifana nalezo ezisezinjini zegesi zikadizili nezinjini zephethiloli ezishisayo. Lesi sakamuva sibuye sikhiqize izindawo ezijwayelekile nezimbi, kepha ngokungafani nazo, lapho inqubo yenzeka khona ngokuphelele ngaphambili kwe-flash, esimweni seMazda, ingxube embi ibasa ngokuzenzekelayo ngosizo lwe-plug plug.

Kwenzekani eSkyactiv X? Zonke izinjini zokuhlola ezisebenza ngesisekelo semodi ye-HCCI eyakhiwe kuze kube yimanje zisuselwa ekuzilawuleni okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kokuzibamba (kususelwa ekushiseni nasekucindezelweni ngesikhathi sokucindezelwa kanye nokusabela kokuqala kwamakhemikhali phakathi kukaphethiloli, amagesi nomoya) ngamapharamitha wokusebenza angazinzile atholakala ezimeni eziningi. ekusebenzeni kwenjini evamile. Injini yakwaMazda ihlale isebenzisa ipulagi njengesiqalisi somlilo. Kodwa-ke, umehluko ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwenjini kaphethiloli usezenzakalweni ezilandelayo. Lokhu kwenza ushintsho kumamodi ahlukene lilinganiswe kakhulu futhi le ndlela yokulawula kumodi ye-HCCI iholela kwinqubo ezinzile futhi ezinzile.

Izinto ngombono

ISkyactiv X isuselwa kulitha elindelwe ngokwemvelo, elingamabhilidi amane i-Skyactiv G 0,5 litre, yona uqobo eyisisekelo esihle esisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ine-displacement ye-16,3 litres isilinda ngasinye, okulungile ngokuya ngejubane lezinqubo zomlilo. Ukwakha izimo zokusebenza kwe-HCCI, isilinganiso sokuminyaniswa kwejiyometri sikhushuliwe saya ku-1: 95. Ngakho-ke, ingxube iyajiya ifudumale ithempelesha esondele ekushiseni okuzenzakalelayo kwamaqhezu amaningi kuphethiloli anenani elilinganiselwe le-octane lama-XNUMXH kanye nelithempelesha elijwayelekile lokusebenza lenjini.

Ngokusekelwe kudatha evela kuzinzwa eziningana, phakathi kwazo izinzwa ezine zokucindezela kusilinda ngasinye ziyisihluthulelo, ikhompuyutha inquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokusebenza okufanele ikhethe. Lokhu kokugcina kunqunywa ngesisekelo sezindawo eziningana zokusebenza, kuye ngesivinini nomthwalo (ngamanye amazwi, izinga lokucindezeleka kwe-accelerator pedal) yenjini. Ngosizo lwemojula ekhethekile ye-swirl ebizwa ngokuthi i-SCV (kuhlanganise ne-valve ekhethekile yokulawula umoya kwelinye lamachweba okungenisa), ukugeleza okunamandla okuthuthumela kwakhiwa eduze kwe-axis yesilinda. Ngokuya ngezimo futhi okusekelwe ekuqhathaniseni amajika okwakha ingcindezi yokucindezelwa nokuvutha, kanye neminye imingcele eminingi "emabalazweni" achazwe ngaphambilini, i-multi-port injector ijova uphethiloli lapho kunengcindezi esondela kulezo zesizukulwane sokuqala sikadizili wesitimela ovamile. izinhlelo. - kusuka ku-300 kuya ku-1200 bar - ngezingxenye eziningana. Lokhu kwenziwa kusuka ku-pulse eyodwa ende (enqubweni evamile yokuqhuma) kuya kuma-pulses amaningana ngesikhathi sokuphuza kanye nokucindezela (ekusebenzeni kokuzithungela). Ngokusobala, ingcindezi yomjovo werekhodi wenjini kaphethiloli nayo iyisici esibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwengxube. Kodwa-ke, kuphakama umbuzo onengqondo - isethi yonke yemingcele izoshintsha kanjani uma futhi nini ukushintshela emandleni enjini aphansi kanye ne-turbocharging, ngokunyuka kwengcindezi ye-cylinder, kanye nesidingo sokwandisa izingxenye zikaphethiloli ...

Konke kwenzeka ngokushesha

Ilungelo lobunikazi le-SPCCI le-Mazda linamakhasi angu-44 ubude kanye nemininingwane ukuthi imoto ihamba ngemodi ye-spark plug auto-ignition (SPCCI) ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi. Ukulawula kusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa zezindlela zokuzithungela ze-SPCCI ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwayo - eyodwa enengxube embi kakhulu, ingxube evamile evamile, kanye nengxube enothe kancane. Kuzo zonke izimo, ukucushwa komjovo nokushwibeka kudala izendlalelo zokwakheka okuhlukene (ukuhlelwa kabusha) ngokugxila eduze kwe-eksisi, enezoni yangaphakathi ecebile (isilinganiso somoya: uphethiloli cishe 14,7-20:1) kanye nendawo yangaphandle ethambile (35). -50:1). Ingaphakathi "linokuvutha" okwanele, kanti elingaphandle selifinyelele cishe izinga lokushisa elibucayi lokuzishisa eduze nendawo ephezulu efile ye-piston ngesikhathi sokucindezela. Inhlansi ye-spark plug iqala ukuthungela indawo engaphakathi, ibangele izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kukhuphuke kakhulu, futhi lokhu kubangela ukuthi ezinye zivutha ngokuzenzekelayo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Njengoba kungekho ngaphambili kwe-flash, kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kombundu wokwakhiwa kwe-nitrogen oxides, enciphisa kakhulu ukuba khona kwe-nitrogen oxides, futhi ingxube ebuthakathaka ye-homogeneous inikeza ukusha okugcwele okuphelele kanye namazinga aphansi kakhulu wezinhlayiya, i-carbon monoxide kanye ama-hydrocarbons.

Kuye ngezimo zokusebenza - njengejubane eliphakathi nomthwalo ophezulu, futhi kuzo zonke izimo ngesivinini esikhulu - i-compressor yomshini iyakhahlela ukuze isize ukunikeza umoya owengeziwe futhi iqhubeke nokuqeda ingxube. Nakuba inhloso yayo kungekona ukukhulisa amandla, inomthelela ezinhlelweni eziguquguqukayo zemoto. I-patent iphinde isho ukuthi imoto ingaba ne-turbocharged, futhi ngokunengqondo, izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-exhaust lingavumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-geometry turbine eguquguqukayo. Okwamanje, nokho, ukulawula nge-compressor yomshini esabela kakhudlwana sekulula (inqobo nje uma incazelo enjalo ihambisana ne-Skyactiv X). Ngokusho konjiniyela bakwaMazda, ukusetshenziswa kwe-turbocharger kungase kufike ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi bakwazile ukudala into okungekho muntu oye wakwazi ukuyenza - okungenani hhayi ngefomu le-serial. Amapharamitha amaningi wezinzwa aqhathaniswa nokuziphatha okusethiwe ekukhethweni kwemodi, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi uma kwenziwa uphawu lwe-"SPCCI Mode" luboniswa esibonisini se-Mazda isikhathi esiningi, ngisho nasezibangeni eziphansi kakhulu neziphakeme kakhulu ze-rpm - ngisho naphansi kakhulu. I-rpm i-Mazda3 ihamba kahle ngegiya lesithupha.

Lokhu kwenzeka kanjani empilweni yangempela?

Ngemuva kwengxenye ende yethiyori, isikhathi sesifikile sokuphendula umbuzo - konke lokhu kuholela kuphi ekusebenzeni ekugcineni. Njengozakwabo kaphethiloli, imoto ithatha isivinini kalula futhi iphendule ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, okuhlanganisa ukukhuphuka nokujika ku-Iskar Gorge, imodi evamile yokuhlangana nothelawayeka, iMazda 3 Skyactiv X igcina ukusetshenziswa kwayo ebangeni elingama-5,2 l/100 km. Isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa okutholwe ozakwethu eJalimane singu-6,6 l/100 km, kodwa lokhu kuhlanganisa nokushayela ngesivinini esikhulu. Ezivivinyweni zokushayela ngendlela eyongayo, bathole amalitha angu-5,4/100 km, okungu-124 g/100 km CO2, okuhambisana ne-Audi A3 2.0 TDI, BMW 118d neMercedes A 200d. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi naphezu kwenqubo yokusebenza eyinkimbinkimbi, lo mshini awudingi ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi bokwelapha igesi, kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlelo lomjovo ophezulu kakhulu lukhulisa izindleko zalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-compressor eyimishini encane ishibhile kune-turbocharger, ngakho-ke kufanele ibekwe njengenani phakathi kwezinjini zikadizili nezinjini zikaphethiloli.

Injini ihambisana nomlingisi oguquguqukayo weMazda 3 kanye nezilungiselelo zayo ezinhle zokubamba amakhona amnandi. Isiteringi sibekwe kahle, futhi imoto igcina ukungathathi hlangothi, ikhombisa ukuthambekela kokuphendula amasondo angemuva kuphela uma kucasulwa. Ukwengeza kulokhu ingxube enhle yezinhlelo zokusiza kanye nemishini, e-Mazda eyingxenye yemishini emazingeni ahlukene. Sesivele sikhulume ngokwanele mayelana nokwakheka okusha kwe-ergonomic yokulawula. Imisebenzi ayilawulwa i-monitor futhi ilula futhi ilula ukuyisebenzisa. Sekukonke, ingaphakathi linomuzwa ocashile wokukhanya kanye nekhwalithi eyatholakala kuphela kumamodeli okunethezeka eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Ngamafuphi - i-Skyactiv X iyasebenza - futhi iyakuvula ngempela.